| 4th United States Congress | |||
Congress Hall (2007) |
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| Duration: March 4, 1795 – March 3, 1797 | |||
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| Senate President: | John Adams | ||
| Senate Pres. pro tem: | Henry Tazewell Samuel Livermore William Bingham |
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| House Speaker: | Jonathan Dayton | ||
| Members: | 32-34 (two additions)(with 0-4 vacancies) Senators 106-107 (one additions)(with 0-8 vacancies) Representatives 1 Non-voting members |
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| Senate Majority: | Federalist | ||
| House Majority: | Democratic-Republican | ||
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| Sessions | |||
| Special: June 8, 1795 – June 26, 1795 1st: December 7, 1795 – June 1, 1796 2nd: December 5, 1796 – March 3, 1797 |
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The Fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 4, 1795 to March 3, 1797, during the last two years of George Washington's Presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the First Census of the United States in 1790. The Senate had a Federalist majority, and the House had a Democratic-Republican majority.
This was the first Congress to have organized political parties. Details on changes are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic- Republican (DR) |
Federalist (F) |
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| End of the previous congress | (Anti-Administration) 13 |
(Pro-Administration) 17 |
30 | 0 |
| Begin | 10 | 20 | 30 | 0 |
| End | 11 | 21 | 32 | |
| Final voting share | 34.4% | 65.6% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 9 | 22 | 31 | 1 |
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic- Republican (DR) |
Federalist (F) |
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| End of the previous congress | (Anti-Administration) 54 |
(Pro-Administration) 49 |
103 | 2 |
| Begin | 59 | 46 | 105 | 1 |
| End | 60 | 106 | 0 | |
| Final voting share | 56.6% | 43.4% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 57 | 49 | 106 | 0 |
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1796; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1798; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1800.
Connecticut
Delaware
Georgia
Kentucky
Maryland
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
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New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Vermont
Virginia
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The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress
There were 10 resignations, 2 new seats, and 1 election to replace an appointee. There was a 1-seat gain for both the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.
| State (class) |
Former senator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's installation |
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| Georgia (2) |
James Jackson (DR) | Resigned sometime in 1795 | George Walton (F) | Appointed November 16, 1795 |
| Georgia (2) |
George Walton (F) | Interim appointment expired February 20, 1796 with an election | Josiah Tattnall (DR) | Elected February 20, 1796 |
| Connecticut (1) |
Oliver Ellsworth (F) | Resigned March 8, 1796 | James Hillhouse (F) | Elected March 12, 1796 |
| New York (2) |
Rufus King (F) | Resigned May 23, 1796, having been appointed Minister to England | John Laurance (F) | Elected November 9, 1796 |
| Massachusetts (2) |
Caleb Strong (F) | Resigned June 1, 1796 | Theodore Sedgwick (F) | Elected June 11, 1796 |
| Massachusetts (1) |
George Cabot (F) | Resigned June 9, 1796 | Benjamin Goodhue (F) | Elected June 11, 1796 |
| Connecticut (3) |
Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (F) | Resigned June 10, 1796 | Uriah Tracy (F) | Elected October 13, 1796 |
| Tennessee (1) |
New seat | Tennessee was admitted to the Union | William Cocke (DR) | Elected August 2, 1796 |
| Tennessee (2) |
William Blount (DR) | |||
| Vermont (1) |
Moses Robinson (DR) | Resigned October 15, 1796 | Isaac Tichenor (F) | Elected October 18, 1796 |
| Maryland (1) |
Richard Potts (F) | Resigned October 24, 1796 | John E. Howard (F) | Elected November 30, 1796 |
| South Carolina (2) |
Pierce Butler (DR) | Resigned October 25, 1796 | John Hunter (DR) | Elected December 8, 1796 |
| New Jersey (2) |
Frederick Frelinghuysen (F) | Resigned November 12, 1796 | Richard Stockton (F) | Elected November 12, 1796 |
There were 9 resignations, 1 death of a Representative-elect, and 1 new seat. There was a 1-seat gain for both the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's installation |
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| Pennsylvania 4th |
Vacant | Representative-elect James Morris died subsequent to the election | John Richards (DR) | Seated January 18, 1796 |
| Maryland 3rd |
Jeremiah Crabb (F) | Resigned sometime in 1796 | William Craik (F) | Seated December 5, 1796 |
| Rhode Island At-large |
Benjamin Bourne (F) | Resigned sometime in 1796 | Elisha Potter (F) | Seated December 19, 1796 |
| Massachusetts 1st |
Theodore Sedgwick (F) | Resigned sometime in 1796, having been elected U.S. Senator | Thomson Skinner (DR) | Seated January 27, 1797 |
| Maryland 2nd |
Gabriel Duvall (DR) | Resigned March 28, 1796, having been elected judge of the Supreme Court of Maryland | Richard Sprigg, Jr. (DR) | Seated May 5, 1796 |
| North Carolina 4th |
Absalom Tatom (DR) | Resigned June 1, 1796 | William Strudwick (F) | Seated December 13, 1796 |
| Massachusetts 10th |
Benjamin Goodhue (F) | Resigned sometime in June 1796, having been elected U.S. Senator | Samuel Sewall (F) | Seated December 7, 1796 |
| Connecticut At-large |
James Hillhouse (F) | Resigned July 1, 1796, having been elected U.S. Senator | James Davenport (F) | Seated December 5, 1796 |
| Territory South of the River Ohio | James White | Served until June 1, 1796, when Tennessee was admitted to the Union. | District eliminated | |
| Tennessee At-large |
New seat | Tennessee was admitted to the Union June 1, 1796. Seat remained vacant until December 5, 1796 | Andrew Jackson (DR) | Seated December 5, 1796 |
| Pennsylvania 5th |
Daniel Hiester (DR) | Resigned July 1, 1796 | George Ege (F) | Seated December 8, 1796 |
| Connecticut At-large |
Uriah Tracy (F) | Resigned October 13, 1796, having been elected U.S. Senator | Samuel Dana (F) | Seated January 3, 1797 |
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