Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-2-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, two powered driving wheels on one axle, and no trailing wheels. This configuration, which became very popular during the 1830s, was commonly called the Planet type after the first locomotive, Robert Stephenson's Planet of 1830.
Other equivalent classifications are:
After early experience with the 0-2-2 configuration on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, Robert Stephenson decided to build a locomotive with cylinders inside the frames, for which a 2-2-0 was preferable.[1] The first such locomotive was Planet, built in 1830 and the company went on to build a further eighteen examples for the railway. Tom Thumb, the first American-built steam locomotive used on a common-carrier railroad, built by Peter Cooper in 1830 was a belt-driven 2-2-0, but the type was not perpetuated.
The Dublin and Kingstown Railway used 2-2-0 in 1834 including Hibernia designed by Richard Roberts and built by Sharp, Roberts and Company, and Vauxhall built George Forrester and Company.[2] The following year five examples were supplied to the London and Greenwich Railway.[3] After 1836 Edward Bury built sixty-nine 2-2-0 locomotives for the London and Birmingham Railway.[4]
By 1840 the 2-2-0 tender type had largely been superseded by the 2-2-2 configuration. However, there are a few examples of later tank engines, thus William Bridges Adams of the Fairfield Locomotive Works () in Bow supplied a 2-2-0 well tank to the Roman Railway in 1850.[5] Also Dugald Drummond of the London and South Western Railway introduced his C14 class 2-2-0T in 1906, for Auto trains, but this design was not successful and several of the locomotives were rebuilt to 0-4-0.
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