| 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate | |
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(1aR,1bS,4aR,7aS,7bS,8R,9R,9aS)-9a-(acetyloxy)-4a,7b-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,6,8-tetramethyl-5-oxo-1a,1b,4,4a,5,7a,7b,8,9,9a-decahydro-H-cyclopropa[3,4]benzo[1,2-e]azulen-9-yl myristate |
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Other names
TPA, PMA, Phorbol myristate acetate, |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 16561-29-8 |
| PubChem | 10475874 |
| ChemSpider | 17215855 |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C36H56O8 |
| Molar mass | 616.83 g mol−1 |
| (verify) (what is: /?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), also commonly known as tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), is diester of phorbol and a potent tumor promoter often employed in biomedical research to activate the signal transduction enzyme protein kinase C (PKC).[1][2][3] The effects of TPA on PKC result from its similarity to one of the natural activators of classic PKC isoforms, diacylglycerol. TPA is a small molecule drug.
TPA is also being studied as a drug in the treatment of hematologic cancer.
TPA has a specific use in cancer diagnostics as a B-cell specific mitogen in cytogenetic testing. To view the chromosomes, a cytogenetic test requires dividing cells. TPA is used to stimulate division of B-cells during cytogenetic diagnosis of B-cell cancers such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia.[4]
TPA was first found in the croton plant, a shrub found in Southeast Asia, exposure to which provokes a poison ivy-like rash. It underwent a phase 1 clinical trial.