Île-de-France (region)

L'Île-de-France
—  Region of France  —

Flag

Logo
Country  France
Prefecture Paris
Departments
Government
 • President Jean-Paul Huchon (PS)
Area
 • Total 12,012 km2 (4,637.9 sq mi)
Population (2009)
 • Total 11,729,613
 • Density 976.5/km2 (2,529.1/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
GDP/ Nominal € 511 billion (2007)[1]
GDP per capita € 44,300 (2007)[1]
NUTS Region FR1
Website www.iledefrance.fr

Île-de-France (French pronunciation: [il də fʁɑ̃s]) (literally Isle-of-France; see etymology hereafter) is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-two administrative regions of France, composed mostly of the Paris metropolitan area.

With 11.7 million inhabitants, Île-de-France is not only the most populated region of France but also has more residents than Austria, Belgium, Greece, Portugal or Sweden, and has a population comparable to that of either the U.S. state of Ohio or the Canadian province of Ontario. It is the fourth most populous country subdivision in the European Union, after England, North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria.

Economically, Île-de-France is the world's 4th and Europe's wealthiest and largest regional economy: in 2009, its total GDP as calculated by Eurostat was €552 billion (US$768.9 billion) at market exchange rates;[2] it is the wealthiest metropolitan area in the European Union - and if it were a country, it would rank as the 15th wealthiest in the world. Île-de-France also is, second to the Kantō region, the world's second most important location for Fortune Global 500 companies' headquarters.[3]

Created as the "District of the Paris Region" in 1961; it was renamed after the historic province of "Isle de France" in 1976, when its administrative status was aligned with the other French administrative regions created in 1972. Its name literally means "Island-of-France", possibly from ancient Frankish Liddle Franke, "little France". Despite the name change, Île-de-France is still popularly referred to by French people as the région Parisienne (the Paris Region) or RP. However its inhabitants are more and more referred to as "Franciliens", an adjective created in the 80s and successfully used today. Ninety percent of its territory is covered by the Paris aire urbaine (or "metropolitan area") which extends beyond its borders in places.[4]

Contents

Etymology

Although the modern name "Île-de-France" clearly means "Isle of France", the etymology is in fact unclear. The "isle" may refer to the land between the Oise, Marne & Seine rivers. "Isle of France" may also have been a reference to the Île de la Cité, in which case "Isle of France" was originally a pars pro toto or perhaps a metonym.

However the modern term may well be a corruption of a proposed Frankish language term "Liddle Franke" meaning "Little France" (or "little Frankish land") and the modern reference to an "isle" may therefore be coincidental. However, this theory may perhaps be anachronistic, since the name "L'Île-de-France;" (its old spelling) is not documented prior to 1387.

History

Timeline

Geography

Île-de-France has a land area of 12,011 km² (4,637 sq. miles). The built-up area of Paris fills its 12,011 km² to near 23%, and the Paris aire urbaine (or "metropolitan area", a built-up area + commuter belt) extends beyond its borders in places.

Île-de-France is composed of eight departments centered around its innermost department and capital, Paris. Around the department of Paris, urbanization fills a first concentric ring of three departments commonly known as the petite couronne ("small ring"), and extends into a second outer ring of four departments known as the grande couronne ("large ring"). The former department of Seine, abolished in 1968, included the city proper and parts of the Petite Couronne.

The river Seine also runs through the Ile-De-France. The Seine has many tributaries which include the rivers Oise and Aube. The river Seine has its mouth in the English channel and has its source in the 'Massif central'. It is Frances second largest river after the Loire.

The Ile-De-France is also in an area of lowland which is called the Paris basin. South of the Ile-De-France is the 'Massif-central' which is an area of highlands that are higher than normal land but far lower than the Alps.

The climate in the Ile-De-France is quite similar to England's however it has warmer summers and milder winters. Its climate is generally very similar to the climate found in West Germany. However the Ile-De-France receives less rain than England as it is not an Island.

Demographics

Most of Île-de-France is covered by the Paris aire urbaine (or "metropolitan area"), a statistical area encompassing the Paris pôle urbain (or "urban area") and its couronne périurbaine commuter belt.

At the 1999 census, 88% of Île-de-France's population lived in the Paris urban area and 99% of the same regional population lived in the Paris aire urbaine (respectively 9,644,507 people and 10,842,037 people).[7]

Departments in Île-de-France (INSEE 2007 estimates)
Concentric Area Departments Population
Jan. 2007 est.
Area Density 1999-2007
yearly pop. growth
  Paris (75) 2,188,500 105 km² 20,843/km² +0.4%
Inner ring 657 km²
(Petite Couronne)
4,369,000
Hauts-de-Seine (92) 1,551,500 176 km² 8,815/km² +1.0%
Seine-Saint-Denis (93) 1,508,500 236 km² 6,392/km² +1.1%
Val-de-Marne (94) 1,309,000 245 km² 5,343/km² +0.8%
Outer ring 11,250 km²
(Grande Couronne)
5,059,000
Seine-et-Marne (77) 1,285,500 5,915 km² 217/km² +1.0%
Yvelines (78) 1,401,000 2,284 km² 613/km² +0.4%
Essonne (91) 1,207,500 1,804 km² 669/km² +0.8%
Val-d'Oise (95) 1,165,000 1,246 km² 935/km² +0.7%

Historical population

Île-de-France Population
1801
census
1806
census
1821
census
1826
census
1831
census
1836
census
1841
census
1846
census
1851
census
1856
census
1861
census
1866
census
1,352,280 1,407,272 1,549,811 1,780,900 1,707,181 1,882,354 1,998,862 2,180,100 2,239,695 2,552,980 2,819,045 3,039,043
1872
census
1876
census
1881
census
1886
census
1891
census
1896
census
1901
census
1906
census
1911
census
1921
census
1926
census
1931
census
3,141,730 3,320,162 3,726,118 3,934,314 4,126,932 4,368,656 4,735,580 4,960,310 5,335,220 5,682,598 6,146,178 6,705,579
1936
census
1946
census
1954
census
1962
census
1968
census
1975
census
1982
census
1990
census
1999
census
2006
census
2007
estimate
2008
estimate
6,785,750 6,597,758 7,317,063 8,470,015 9,248,631 9,878,565 10,073,059 10,660,554 10,952,011 11,532,398 11,616,500 11,694,000
Census returns before 2007; official Jan. 1 estimates from INSEE from 2007 on.

Immigration

Paris and the Île-de-France region is a magnet for immigrants, hosting one of the largest concentrations of immigrants in Europe. As of 2006, about 35% of people (4 millions) living in Île-de-France were either immigrant (17%) or born to at least one immigrant parent (18%).[8]

If the region, primary seat of French political and economic power for centuries, has always attracted immigrants, modern immigration can be traced back to the second half of the 19th century when France emerged as a immigration destination[9] with Eastern European Jews fleeing persecutions, and Southern Europeans (mostly Italians) and Belgians seeking better economic conditions. During the first half of the 20th century, immigrants were mostly Europeans, but after decolonisation, and during the French post-war economic boom, many immigrants came from former French colonies (chiefly the Magreb and West Africa). At the French census of March 1999, 2,159,070 residents of the Île-de-France region were people born outside Metropolitan France, making up 19.7% of the region's total population.[10] Among these people born outside Metropolitan France, 1,611,989 were immigrants (see definition below the table), making up 14.7% of the Île-de-France total population.[11] INSEE estimated that on January 1, 2005 the number of immigrants in Île-de-France had reached 1,916,000, making up 16.7% of the Île-de-France total population.[12] This is an increase of 304,000 immigrants in slightly less than six years.

According to a study in 2009, nearly 56% of all newborns in Île-de-France in 2007 had at least one parent originated from Sub-Saharan Africa, Maghreb or Overseas departments and territories of France.[13]

Place of birth of residents of the Île-de-France region in 1999
Born in Metropolitan France Born outside Metropolitan France
80.3% 19.7%
Born in
Overseas France
Born in foreign countries with French citizenship at birth¹ EU-15 immigrants² Non-EU-15 immigrants
1.8% 3.2% 4.2% 10.5%
¹This group is made up largely of pieds-noirs from Northwest Africa, followed by former colonial citizens who had French citizenship at birth (such as was often the case for the native elite in French colonies), and to a lesser extent foreign-born children of French expatriates. Note that a foreign country is understood as a country not part of France as of 1999, so a person born for example in 1950 in Algeria, when Algeria was an integral part of France, is nonetheless listed as a person born in a foreign country in French statistics.
²An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. Note that an immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants.

People under 18 of foreign origin

In 2005, 37% of young people under 18 were of foreign origin (at least one immigrant parent) in Ile-de-France, including a quarter of African origin (Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa).[14][15].

People under 18 of Maghrebi, Sub-saharian and Turkish origin became a majority in several cities of Ile-de-France (Clichy-sous-Bois, Mantes-la-Jolie, Grigny, Saint-Denis, Les Mureaux, Saint-Ouen, Sarcelles, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Garges-lès-Gonesse, Aubervilliers, Stains, Gennevilliers et Épinay-sur-Seine). Young people of Maghrebi origin were about 12% in Île-de-France, 22% in département of Seine-Saint-Denis and 37% in 18th arrondissement of Paris. In Grigny, 31% of young people are of Sub-saharian origin[16]

In département of Seine-Saint-Denis (population of 1.5 million), 56.7 % of young under 18 are or foreign origin including 38% of African origin. Islam is the main religion[17].

% young under 18 (2005) Seine-Saint-Denis Paris Val-de-Marne Val-d'Oise France
All origins 56.7 % 41.30 % 39.90 % 37.90 % 18.10 %
Maghreb 22.0 % 12.1 % 13.2 % 13.0 % 6.9 %
Sub-saharan Africa 16.0 % 9.9 % 10.8 % 9.1 % 3.0 %
Turkey 2.7 % 0.6 % 1.2 % 3.1 % 1.4 %
South Europe 4.0 % 4.0 % 5.5 % 4.8 % 2.6 %

Politics

Holders of the executive office

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Île-de-France is twinned with:

References

Notes
  1. ^ a b "GDP per inhabitant in 2006 ranged from 25% of the EU27 average in Nord-Est in Romania to 336% in Inner London". Eurostat. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/1-19022009-AP/EN/1-19022009-AP-EN.PDF. 
  2. ^ INSEE report 2010
  3. ^ Global 500 by Country Fortune
  4. ^ See map.
  5. ^ The flag is the France Moderne coat of arms (a simplified version of the France Ancien reduced the number of fleurs-de-lis to three), emblem of the French Monarchy, symbole of Île-de-France's prominence
  6. ^ (French) Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Contribution des CCI de Paris - Île-de-France à la révision du SDRIF, page 110. "TEM Paris – La Défense – QCA" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2007-03-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20070302110736/http://www.etudes.ccip.fr/archrap/pdf06/SDRIF-06-axe_3.pdf. Retrieved 2007-09-01. 
  7. ^ (French) INSEE, SPLAF. "Site sur la Population et les Limites Administratives de la France (SPLAF)". http://splaf.free.fr/. Retrieved 2006-10-18. 
  8. ^ Les descendants d'immigrés vivant en Île-de-France, IAU Idf, Note rapide Société, n° 531
  9. ^ Large and dynamic economy with high human rights standards (and extensive social benefits after 1945) and a tradition of assimilation, France has widely been seen as a magnet for immigrants
  10. ^ (French) INSEE, Government of France. "MIG1 - Migrations (caractéristiques démographiques selon le lieu de naissance)". http://www.recensement.insee.fr/FR/ST_ANA/R11/ALLALLMIG1MIG1AR11FR.html. Retrieved 2008-05-04. 
  11. ^ (French) INSEE, Government of France. "IMG2 - Lieux de naissance à l'étranger selon la nationalité". http://www.recensement.insee.fr/FR/ST_ANA/R11/ALLALLIMG2IMG2AR11FR.html. Retrieved 2008-05-04. 
  12. ^ (French) INSEE, Government of France. "Tableau de synthèse sur le nombre d'étrangers et d'immigrés" (XLS). http://insee.fr/fr/recensement/nouv_recens/resultats/repartition/chiffres_cles/autres/donnees-socio-demo-etrangers-immigres.xls. Retrieved 2008-05-04. 
  13. ^ Bardakdjian-Michau J, Bahuau M, Hurtrel D, et al. (January 2009). "Neonatal screening for sickle cell disease in France". J. Clin. Pathol. 62 (1): 31–3. doi:10.1136/jcp.2008.058867. PMID 19103855. 
  14. ^ Michèle Tribalat, Revue Commentaire, juin 2009, n°127
  15. ^ Michèle Tribalat, Les yeux grands fermés, Denoël, 2010
  16. ^ Michèle Tribalat, Immigration et démographie des pays d’accueil, in Christophe Jaffrelot et Christian Lequesne L'Enjeu mondial, Presses de Sciences Po | Annuels 2009, pages 29 à 35
  17. ^ Michèle Tribalat, Michèle Tribalat : "L'islam reste une menace", Le Monde, 13 octobre 2011
  18. ^ (Polish) "Miasta partnerskie Warszawy". um.warszawa.pl. Biuro Promocji Miasta. 2005-05-04. http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11. Retrieved 2008-08-29. 
  19. ^ "Sister Cities". Beijing Municipal Government. http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/. Retrieved 2009-06-23. 

External links