Weymouth, Dorset

Weymouth
Uk dor portharbour.JPG
Weymouth, Wyke Regis and Portland Harbour viewed from the Isle of Portland
Weymouth is located in Dorset
Weymouth

 Weymouth shown within Dorset
Population 52,950 [1][A]
OS grid reference SY6779
    - London  195 km (120 mi) ENE 
District Weymouth and Portland
Shire county Dorset
Region South West
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town WEYMOUTH
Postcode district DT3, DT4
Dialling code 01305
Police Dorset
Fire Dorset
Ambulance South Western
EU Parliament South West England
UK Parliament South Dorset
List of places: UK • England • Dorset

Weymouth (pronounced /ˈweɪməθ/) is a large town in Dorset, England, situated on a sheltered bay at the mouth of the River Wey on the English Channel coast. The town is 8 miles (13 km) south of Dorchester and 5 miles (8 km) north of the Isle of Portland. The town's population is 52,950 (2006) with a catchment population of 71,700 (2001).

The A354 road bridge connects Weymouth to Portland, which together form the borough of Weymouth and Portland. The history of the borough stretches back to the 12th century; including involvement in the spread of the Black Death, the settlement of the Americas, the development of Georgian architecture, and preparations for World War II.

Fishing and trading employ fewer people in the area since their peak in earlier centuries, but tourism has continuously increased its presence in the town since the 18th century and is now the primary industry. Weymouth is a tourist resort, and its economy depends on its harbour and visitor attractions; the town is a gateway situated half-way along the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site on the Dorset and east Devon coast, important for its geology and landforms. Weymouth Harbour is home to cross-channel ferries, pleasure boats and private yachts, and nearby Portland Harbour is home to the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy, where the sailing events of the 2012 Olympic Games will be held.

Contents

History

Weymouth originated as a settlement on a constricted site to the south and west of Weymouth Harbour, an outlying part of Wyke Regis. The town developed from the mid 12th century onwards, but was not noted until the 13th century. By 1252 it was established as a seaport and become a chartered borough.[2] Melcombe Regis developed separately on the peninsula to the north of the harbour; it was mentioned as a licensed wool port in 1310.[2]

Melcombe Regis is thought to be the first port at which the Black Death came into England in June 1348, possibly either aboard a spice ship or an army ship.[2] In their early history Weymouth and Melcombe Regis were rivals for trade and industry, but the towns were united in an Act of Parliament in 1571 to form a double borough.[2] Both towns have become known as Weymouth, despite Melcombe Regis being the main town centre. The villages of Upwey, Broadwey, Preston, Wyke Regis, Chickerell, Southill, Radipole and Littlemoor have become part of the built-up area.

The ruins of the 16th century Sandsfoot Castle

King Henry VIII had two Device Forts built to protect the south Dorset coast from invasion in the 1530s: Sandsfoot Castle in Wyke Regis and Portland Castle in Castletown. Parts of Sandsfoot have fallen into the sea due to coastal erosion.[3] During the English Civil War, around 250 people were killed in the local Crabchurch Conspiracy in February 1645.[4] In 1635, on board the ship Charity, around 100 emigrants from the town crossed the Atlantic Ocean and settled in Weymouth, Massachusetts.[2][5] More townspeople emigrated to the Americas to bolster the population of Weymouth, Nova Scotia and Salem, Massachusetts; then called Naumking, Salem became infamous for its witch trials.[6] There are memorials to this on the side of Weymouth Harbour and near Weymouth Pavilion.[2]

The architect Sir Christopher Wren was the Member of Parliament for Weymouth in 1702, and controlled nearby Portland's quarries from 1675 to 1717. When he designed St Paul's Cathedral, Wren had it built out of Portland Stone, the famous stone of Portland's quarries.[7] Sir James Thornhill was born in the White Hart public house in Melcombe Regis and became the town's MP in 1722. Thornhill became an artist, and coincidentally decorated the interior of St Paul's Cathedral.[8]

Weymouth's esplanade displays Georgian architecture and Queen Victoria's Jubilee Clock.

The resort is among the first modern tourist destinations, after King George III made Weymouth his summer holiday residence on fourteen occasions between 1789 and 1805.[9] A painted statue of the king stands on the seafront, which was renovated in 2007/8 by stripping 20 layers of paintwork, replacing it with new paints and gold leaf, and replacing the iron framework with stainless steel one.[10] A mounted white horse representing the king is carved into the chalk hills of Osmington. The horse faces away from the town, and a myth developed that the king took offence, believing it was a sign that the townspeople did not welcome him, and that the designer subsequently killed himself.[11]

Weymouth's esplanade is composed of Georgian terraces, which have been converted into apartments, shops, hotels and guest houses.[12] The buildings were constructed in the Georgian and Regency periods between 1770 and 1855, designed by architects such as James Hamilton, and were commissioned by wealthy businessmen, including those that were involved in the growth of Bath.[13] These terraces form a long, continuous arc of buildings which face Weymouth Bay along the esplanade, which also features the multi-coloured Jubilee Clock, erected in 1887 to mark the 50th year of Queen Victoria's reign.[14] Statues of Victoria, George III and Sir Henry Edwards, Member of Parliament for the borough from 1867 to 1885, and two war memorials stand along the Esplanade.[15]

U.S. soldiers marched through Weymouth to board landing ships for the 1944 invasion of France.

In the centre of the town lies Weymouth Harbour; although it was the reason for the town's foundation, the harbour separates the two areas of Melcombe Regis (the main town centre) and Weymouth (the southern harbourside) from each other. Since the 18th century this has been overcome with successive bridges over the narrowest part of the harbour. The present Town Bridge, built in 1930, is a lifting bascule bridge to let boats access the inner harbour, one of ten in the United Kingdom.[16]

Weymouth and Portland were bombed by German planes for their role in World War II;[17] Portland harbour had a large naval base, and Weymouth was home to Nothe Fort. 517,816 troops embarked through the borough to fight at the Battle of Normandy,[2] and the Bouncing bomb was tested in the Fleet lagoon to the west of town.[18] The history of the area is documented at the Timewalk museum in Brewers Quay; the former brewery is a tourist attraction and shopping village on the southern shore of Weymouth Harbour.[12][19]

Governance

Weymouth and Portland shown in Dorset

The district of Weymouth and Portland was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and merged the borough of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis and the nearby Portland urban district. For local elections the district is divided into 15 wards, 12 of them in Weymouth.[20] Elections take place in a four-year cycle; one third of the councillors in all but three wards retire or seek re-election in years one, two and three, and county council elections are held in year four.[21] The Mayor of Weymouth and Portland is Paul Kimber (Labour), and Graham Winter (Liberal Democrat) is Deputy Mayor.[22]

Weymouth, Portland and the Purbeck district are in the South Dorset parliamentary constituency, created in 1885. The constituency elects one Member of Parliament; currently Richard Drax (Conservative). South Dorset, the rest of South West England, and Gibraltar are in the South West England constituency of the European Parliament.[23]

Dorset South was the most marginal Labour seat in the 2001 general election, won by 153 votes.[24][25] Jim Knight was expecting to have a difficult 2005 election, yet he won with a margin of 1,812 votes—this was in contrast to other areas, where Labour suffered a decline in popularity.[24] This was helped by a high-profile anti-Conservative campaign by musician Billy Bragg.[26] The seat was gained from Labour by Drax for the Conservatives at the 2010 General Election.

Weymouth and Portland have been twinned with the town of Holzwickede in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany since 1986,[27] and the French town of Louviers, in the department of Eure in Normandy, since 1959.[28]

Geography

Weymouth lies on weak Middle Oolite clay.

Weymouth is situated on the western shore of Weymouth Bay on the south coast of England, 195 kilometres (120 mi) west-southwest of London, at (50.613, −2.457). The town is built on weak sand and clay rock which in most places along the Dorset coast, except for narrow bands at Lulworth Cove, Swanage and Durdle Door, has been eroded and transported away.[29] This weak rock has been protected at Weymouth by Chesil Beach and the strong limestone Isle of Portland that lies offshore, 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of Wyke Regis. The island affects the tides of the area, producing a double low tide in Weymouth Bay and Portland Harbour.[30][31] The maximum tidal range is small, less than 2 metres (7 ft).[31]

There are two lakes in the borough, both RSPB Nature Reserves—Radipole Lake in the town centre, and Lodmoor between the town centre and Preston. Radipole Lake, the largest nature reserve, and mouth of the River Wey before it flows into Weymouth Harbour, is an important habitat for fish and migratory birds, and over 200 species of plants. Radipole is an important tourist attraction; it and Weymouth Beach are situated very close to the main town centre.[32] There are 11 Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the borough, which cover an area of 800.87 hectares (1,979 acres), and there are 37 other Nature Conservation Designations.[33]

Situated approximately half-way along the Jurassic Coast, Weymouth is a gateway town to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, which includes 153 kilometres (95 mi) of the Dorset and east Devon coast that is important for its geology and landforms.[12] The South West Coast Path has two routes around Weymouth and Portland—one around its coast, and one along the South Dorset Downs, which reduces the path's length by 31.0 kilometres (19.3 mi). The path is the United Kingdom's longest national trail, at 1,014 kilometres (630 mi).[34]

Radipole Lake is a nature reserve close to the town centre.

Weymouth is the largest town in the area, larger than the county town of Dorchester, which lies just to the north, and hence is a centre of activity for the nearby population. A steep ridge of chalk called the South Dorset Downs separates Dorchester and Weymouth; they are less agricultural than the valleys in the centre and north of Dorset, but have dairy and arable farms. The nearest villages to Weymouth are part of the built-up area, including Wyke Regis, Chickerell and Preston.

The sand and clay on which Weymouth is built is very low-lying—large areas are below sea level, which allowed the eastern areas of the town to flood during extreme low pressure storms.[35] In the 1980s and 90s a sea wall was built around Weymouth Harbour and along the coast road in Preston; a rip rap groyne in Greenhill and beach nourishment up to Preston have created a wide and artificially graded pebble beach, to ensure that the low-lying land around Lodmoor does not flood.[36] The defences at Preston, the extended ferry terminal and the widening of the Esplanade have changed the sediment regime in Weymouth Bay, narrowing the beach at Greenhill and widening the sands in Weymouth. A study conducted as part of the redevelopment of the Pavilion complex showed that the proposed marina will contribute slightly to this effect, but sand dredged out of the marina could be used to make the beach up to 40 metres (130 ft) wider.[37]

Climate

Due to its location on the south-west coast of England, Weymouth has a temperate climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with a small variation in daily and annual temperatures. The average annual mean temperature from 1971 to 2000 was 10.2 to 12 °C (50.4 to 53.6 °F).[38] The warmest month is August, which has an average temperature range of 13.3 to 20.4 °C (56 to 69 °F), and the coolest is February, which has a range of 3.1 to 8.3 °C (38 to 47 °F).[39] Maximum and minimum temperatures throughout the year are above England's average,[40] and Weymouth is in AHS Heat zone 1.[B] Mean sea surface temperatures range from 7.0 °C (44.6 °F) in February to 17.2 °C (63.0 °F) in August; the annual mean is 11.8 °C (53.2 °F).[41]

Weymouth and Portland climatic averages
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average maximum
temperature; °C (°F)		 8.4
(47.1)		 8.3
(46.9)		 10.0
(50.0)		 12.5
(54.5)		 15.4
(59.7)		 17.9
(64.2)		 20.3
(68.5)		 20.4
(68.7)		 18.3
(64.9)		 15.0
(59.0)		 11.5
(52.7)		 9.3
(48.7)		 13.9
(57.0)
Average mean
temperature; °C (°F)		 6.0
(42.8)		 5.7
(42.3)		 7.2
(45.0)		 9.6
(49.3)		 11.8
(53.2)		 14.1
(57.4)		 16.4
(61.5)		 16.9
(62.4)		 15.0
(59.0)		 12.2
(54.0)		 8.9
(48.0)		 6.9
(44.4)		 10.9
(51.6)
Average minimum
temperature; °C (°F)		 3.5
(38.3)		 3.1
(37.6)		 4.3
(39.7)		 6.6
(43.9)		 8.1
(46.6)		 10.3
(50.5)		 12.5
(54.5)		 13.3
(55.9)		 11.6
(52.9)		 9.3
(48.7)		 6.2
(43.2)		 4.5
(40.1)		 7.8
(46.0)
Average sunshine
hours; per month (per day)		 62.4
(2.0)		 79.9
(2.8)		 120.6
(3.9)		 185.2
(6.2)		 221.9
(7.2)		 213.8
(7.1)		 235.1
(7.6)		 217.5
(7.0)		 162.9
(5.4)		 118.8
(3.8)		 81.7
(2.7)		 55.7
(1.8)		 1768.4
(4.8)
Average sea temperature;
°C (°F)		 7.8
(46.0)		 7.0
(44.6)		 7.5
(45.5)		 8.8
(47.8)		 11.0
(51.8)		 13.3
(55.9)		 15.8
(60.4)		 17.2
(63.0)		 16.7
(62.1)		 14.7
(58.5)		 12.3
(54.1)		 9.8
(49.6)		 11.8
(53.2)
Average rainfall;
mm (inches)		 76.6
(3.02)		 64.3
(2.53)		 62.9
(2.48)		 47.6
(1.87)		 46.6
(1.83)		 47.0
(1.85)		 35.6
(1.40)		 52.2
(2.06)		 66.4
(2.61)		 77.4
(3.05)		 84.5
(3.33)		 90.9
(3.58)		 751.7
(29.59)
1971–2000 averages. Sources: Weymouth and Portland Borough Council,[39] the Met Office[42] and Cefas[41]

The low-lying nature of the area, and the ameliorating effect of the lakes and mild seas that surround the town, act to keep night-time temperatures above freezing, making winter frost rare: on average eight times per year.[43] This is far below the United Kingdom's average annual total of 55.6 days of frost.[44] Days with snow lying are equally rare: on average zero to six days per year;[45] almost all winters have one day or less with snow lying. It may snow or sleet in winter, yet it almost never settles on the ground[39]—low-lying coastal areas in South West England such as Weymouth experience the mildest winters in the United Kingdom.[46] The growing season in Weymouth lasts from nine to twelve months per year,[D] and the borough is in Hardiness zone 9.[47][E]

Climatic ergograph for Weymouth and Portland

Weymouth and Portland has the sunniest climate in the United Kingdom.[12][48][49] The resort averaged 1768.4 hours of sunshine annually between 1971 and 2000,[39] which is over 40 % of the maximum possible,[C] and 32 % above the United Kingdom average of 1339.7 hours.[44] Four of the last nine years have had more than 2000 hours of sunshine.[39] December is the cloudiest and wettest month (55.7 hours of sunshine, 90.9 millimetres (3.6 in) of rain) and July is the sunniest and driest (235.1 hours of sunshine, 35.6 millimetres (1.4 in) of rain).[39] Sunshine totals in all months are well above the United Kingdom average,[44] and monthly rainfall totals throughout the year are less than the UK average, particularly in summer;[44] this summer minimum of rainfall is not experienced away from the south coast of England.[48] The average annual rainfall of 751.7 millimetres (29.6 in) is well below the UK average of 1,125 millimetres (44.3 in).[44]

Demography

Religion  %[50][F]
Buddhist 0.21
Christian 74.67
Hindu 0.03
Jewish 0.12
Muslim 0.30
No religion 15.89
Other 0.32
Sikh 0.03
Not stated 8.43
Age Percentage[1]
0–15 18.3
16–17 2.3
18–44 32.4
45–59 20.8
60–84 23.2
85+ 3.1
Year Population[1]
1971 42,370
1981 45,090
1991 48,350
2001 50,920
2006 52,950[A]

The mid-year population of Weymouth in 2006 was 52,950,[A] in a built-up area of 18.5 square kilometres (4,600 acres),[1] giving an approximate population density of 2,800 residents per square kilometre (11 per acre), in 24,622 dwellings.[1] The population has grown steadily since the 1970s, mainly as a result of migration. There is an above average number of residents aged 60–84 (23.2 %), however this is less than the Dorset average of 26.2 %, and the largest proportion of the population (32.4 %) is between the ages of 18 to 44, above the Dorset average of 29.6 %.[1] The population is largely native to England—98.8 % of residents are of white ethnicity, slightly above the Dorset average of 98.7 %.[1] The largest religion in Weymouth and Portland is Christianity, at almost 74.7 %,[50] which is slightly above the United Kingdom average of 71.6 %.[51] The next-largest sector is those with no religion, at almost 15.9 %,[50] slightly above the UK average of 15.5 %.[51]

House prices in Weymouth and Portland are relatively high by UK standards, yet around average for the south of England—the average price of a detached house in 2007 was £327,569; semi-detached and terraced houses were cheaper, at £230,932 and £190,073 respectively, and an apartment or maisonette cost £168,727.[52][G] The crime rate in Weymouth of 12.0 burglaries per 1000 households is lower than that of England and Wales (13.5 per 1000), but above that of South West England (8.9 per 1000).[1] Unemployment levels are low, particularly in summer, at 2.0 % of the economically active population in July 2006, and 4.3 % year-round,[1] compared to the UK average of 5.3%.[53]

Economy

Weymouth Beach attracts thousands of visitors in summer.

Tourism has been the largest industry in Weymouth for decades, though the number of people employed in the sector has declined slightly since its peak in the late 1990s.[54] Weymouth's coast and beaches, lakes, museums, aquarium, and two shopping centres are the main attractions for visitors. The visitor accommodation consists of hotels on the seafront, guest houses around the town centre,[12] and caravan and camping sites just out of town, including three sites owned by Haven and British Holidays: Littlesea, Seaview and Weymouth Bay.[55]

There are over two hundred events held throughout the year in the borough,[56] including firework festivals, dragon boat racing, beach volleyball,[57] handball[58] and motocross,[59] and the annual carnival in mid-August, which attracts around 70,000 people each year.[12][56] Weymouth is the only port in the world to have hosted the start of The Tall Ships' Races three times[60]—in 1983, 1987 and 1994; the 1994 race attracting 300,000 spectators.[61]

Nothe Fort is one of the maritime-related museums in the town.

The Pavilion Theatre was built in 1960 on a peninsula of reclaimed land between the harbour and the esplanade, after the Ritz Theatre was destroyed by fire in 1954.[62] The Pavilion is owned and operated by Weymouth and Portland Borough Council, providing a venue for local community groups and schools, and hosting seasonal 'end-of-the-pier' entertainment and year-round shows and events. It was announced in 2006 that the Pavilion complex and 4 hectares (10 acres) of its surroundings will be entirely redeveloped from 2008 to 2011, in time for the 2012 Summer Olympics. The complex is to include a refurbished theatre, a World Heritage Site visitors' centre, a new ferry terminal, a 140 bed 4-star hotel, an underground car park, a shopping arcade, offices, around 340 luxury apartments, 110 affordable homes, public squares, promenades, and a 290-berth marina.[63] Delays to the project mean it is now unlikely to be completed in time for the 2012 Summer Olympics.[64]

As part of the regeneration of Weymouth and Portland, it was decided in 2007 that Weymouth's esplanade will be redeveloped in time for the 2012 Olympic Games. Planned improvements include a public square around the restored statue of King George III, the restoration and extension the Art Deco pier bandstand, a Tourist information centre and café, Victorian-style shelters and seasonal kiosks, a beach rescue centre, and a sand art pavilion for the sculptures of Mark Anderson.[65] Other alterations to the promenade are considered, particularly around key areas such as the Jubilee Clock and the pier bandstand, including a lighting scheme and seating areas with planting, fountains and structural trees.[65] All proposals are scheduled to undergo a period of public consultation before accepted improvements could begin in 2008 for completion before 2012.[66]

Weymouth's outer harbour hosts a large fishing fleet.

Weymouth Harbour is long and narrow, and formed the estuary of the River Wey until the building of a bridge to Westham, which separated the harbour's backwaters from Radipole Lake. For centuries the harbour was a passenger terminal and trade and cargo port: goods handled included wool and spices, and in the 20th century Weymouth was a bulk importer of fertiliser and cars.[2] The old harbourside, on both sides of the seaward end of the harbour, still hosts a large fishing fleet, with docks, unloading areas, and a cross-channel ferry terminal. Fishing and cargo trading employ fewer people in the area since their peak in earlier centuries, but local fishermen catch the largest mass of fish in England and the third largest in the United Kingdom.[60] The inner harbour has been refurbished in two phases, in 1994–1996 and in 2002, to include a new marina with hundreds of berths for pleasure boats, cruisers and sailing boats.[60] Local boats offer fishing and diving trips, pleasure cruises along the Jurassic Coast, and thrill-rides to the Isle of Portland.[67]

Brewers Quay museum and shopping centre on the harbourside

The main shopping centre in the area is in Melcombe Regis, consisting of two pedestrianised streets (St. Thomas's and St. Mary's Street), shops along the esplanade, and a new precinct stretching from St. Thomas's Street to the harbourside, built in the 1990s. There are shops and restaurants in the pedestrianised Hope Square and Brewers Quay, which are linked to the town centre by town bridge and a small passenger ferry service across the harbour.[12] In 2005 the town centre had 292 shops and 37,500 square metres (404,000 sq ft) of floorspace, and there was 0.4 square kilometres (100 acres) of industrial estate in the area.[1] Weymouth, Portland and Chickerell have been a Fairtrade Zone for three years.[68] Fashion company New Look has its global headquarters in Weymouth, and until 2005 the company's regional distribution centre was based at the same site.[69] Plans were approved in 2007 to develop the New Look site to include new headquarters, retail warehouses and industrial units, a hotel, fire station, and a medical centre with ambulance station.[70]

Transport

The Weymouth Harbour Tramway or Quay Branch

Weymouth railway station is the terminus of a route from London Waterloo and of a route from Westbury and Bristol. There used to be a large station to handle heavy summer tourist traffic, but this traffic declined and the station was demolished in 1986. A smaller station took up part of the site, and the rest was given over to commercial development. Parts of the South West Main Line west of Poole have now been reduced from dual to single track. However, local councils have lobbied the Department for Transport, in connection with the sailing events in 2012 Olympic Games, to relay the double track and increase services to London and Bristol, and to introduce new direct services to Exeter.[71] Services to London Waterloo began running every 30 minutes from December 2007, but services through Bristol to Cardiff were reduced.[72]

An unusual feature of the railways in Weymouth was that until 1987 main-line trains ran though the streets and along the Weymouth Harbour Tramway to the Quay station at the eastern end of the harbour, to connect with ferries to mainland Europe. Due to declining business, goods traffic ceased in 1972, but passenger services continued until they ceased in 1987 from lack of use.[73] The Quay Station houses the Condor Ferries Terminal; Condor Ferries' main UK port is Weymouth, and the HSC Condor Express runs from the harbour to the French port of St Malo, and to the Channel Islands of Guernsey and Jersey.[74]

Local bus services are run by First Hampshire & Dorset, which bought the local Southern National company. Buses run from Weymouth to the Isle of Portland, Dorchester, Bournemouth, Wool, Beaminster, Axminster, and to other villages and the town's holiday parks.[75] Weymouth is connected to towns and villages along the Jurassic Coast by the Jurassic Coast Bus service, which runs for 142 kilometres (88 mi) from Exeter to Poole, through Sidford, Beer, Seaton, Lyme Regis, Charmouth, Bridport, Abbotsbury, Weymouth, Wool, and Wareham. This service is convenient for walkers who can ride the bus to connect with the South West Coast Path for a walk along the coast.[12][76]

The A354 and A353 roads, Condor Ferries, and the South Western and Heart of Wessex lines link to Weymouth.

The A354 road connects the town to the A35 trunk road in Dorchester, and terminates at Easton on the Isle of Portland. The A353 road runs east from Weymouth to the south of Warmwell, where it connects with the A352 to the Isle of Purbeck and Wareham. In the 1980s the town centre was bypassed by the A354 to Portland, but the government's road building policy changed before a proposed relief road could be completed. The A354 follows its original route through Upwey and Broadwey, where traffic problems are common at peak tourist times, particularly on event days such as the carnival.[77]

The relief road's construction was delayed by opposition from residents and environmental groups, including Transport 2000 and the Campaign to Protect Rural England, who object to the route's partial destruction of a nature reserve, which is an AONB and SSSI.[78] With Weymouth and Portland scheduled to host 2012 Olympic sailing events the project reopened; the local authorities favouring a more environmentally friendly proposal than in the 1990s.[77] On 5 April 2007, Dorset County Council granted planning permission for a modified proposal including a single carriageway running 7 kilometres (4 mi) north, and a 1000-space park-and-ride scheme, costing £84.5 million.[79] Work commenced in 2008; it has been agreed that the work be completed in three years, in time for the 2012 Olympic sailing events.[79] During archaeological excavations carried out in advance of the relief road construction, a burial pit containing 51 dismembered skeletons of Viking men was discovered on Ridgeway Hill.[80]

Education

Weymouth College of further education in Melcombe Regis

The Chesil Education Partnership pyramid area operates in south Dorset, and includes five infant schools, four junior schools, twelve primary schools, four secondary schools and two special schools.[1] 73.3 % of Weymouth residents have qualifications, which is slightly below the Dorset average of 73.8 %.[1] 8.8 % of residents have higher qualifications (Level 4 +), about half the Dorset average of 18.3 %.[1]

There are three secondary schools in Weymouth—All Saints' Church of England School in Wyke Regis, Budmouth Technology College in Chickerell and Wey Valley School and Sports College in Broadwey which was added to the Government's Failing Schools list in 2007 as only 27% of the students achieved 5 A* to C passes.[81] The fourth secondary school in the Chesil Education Partnership is Royal Manor Arts College on the Isle of Portland. All Saints' has 921 students on roll, Budmouth has 1560 and Wey Valley 1171.[82] In 2006, 31 % of students at Wey Valley, and 58 % of students at All Saints' and Budmouth, attained five or more A* to C GCSEs including English and mathematics.[82]

Budmouth College also has a sixth form centre which had 296 students in 2006.[83] Weymouth College in Melcombe Regis is a further education college which has around 7,500 students from South West England and overseas,[84] about 1500 studying A-Level courses.[83] In 2006, Budmouth students received an average of 647.6 UCAS points, and Weymouth College students gained 614.1.[83] Some secondary and A-Level students commute to Dorchester to attend The Thomas Hardye School; in 2007, 79 % of Hardye school students received five or more A* to C GCSEs, and 78 % of all A-Level results were A to C grades.[85]

Sport and recreation

The beach volleyball classic is held on Weymouth beach every July.

Weymouth's wide and shallow sandy beach is used for swimming and sunbathing during the tourist season,[12] and for beach sport events throughout the year,[56] including beach motocross,[59] the International handball championships[58] and the beach volleyball classic.[57] The international kite festival, held in May each year on Weymouth Beach, attracts around 40,000 spectators to the esplanade from around the world.[86]

The local football club, Weymouth F.C. or 'the Terras', are outside the Football League but, in common with other non-league clubs, they became professional in 2005.[87] The team enjoyed erratic success at their level; twice playing in the third round of the FA Cup, the highest club competition level.[87] At the end of the 2005–06 season the team became champions of the Conference South (the sixth level of English football) and moved up to the Conference National (the fifth level) for the first time since 1989.[88] However the club were relegated at the end of the 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons and now play in the Southern League Premier Division (the seventh level). The Terras' ground is the Bob Lucas Stadium; its record attendance is 6,500 against Nottingham Forest in the FA Cup 2005–2006 season.[89]

The Wessex Stadium is out of town, but until 1987 the team played at a ground near the town centre, which is now an Asda supermarket. The club's move pre-dated the move to new out-of-town grounds by professional league clubs, and was the first football stadium opened in England in 32 years.[90] Motorcycle speedway racing was staged at the stadium from 1954 until the redevelopment; Weymouth's team was revived in 2003, and 'the Wildcats' race at a track adjacent to the stadium.[90] In 2005 a scheme was proposed to rebuild the Wessex Stadium to occupy a pitch-and-putt golf course, coincidentally with Asda building on the previous stadium site. Although the plans were to move by August 2007, the scheme was shelved before construction could begin.[91]

Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy

On the shores of Portland Harbour, 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of Wyke Regis, is Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy, where the sailing events of the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games will take place.[92] The main reason that the resort was chosen to be an Olympic venue was because the National Sailing Academy had only recently been built, so no venue would have to be built.[92] However, as part of the South West of England Regional Development Agency's plans to redevelop Osprey Quay, in which the academy is built, a new 600-berth marina and an extension with more on-site facilities will be built.[93] Weymouth and Portland are likely to be the first in the United Kingdom to finish building a venue for the Olympic Games, as construction started in October 2007 and will finish at the end of 2008.[94]

The waters of Weymouth and Portland were credited by the Royal Yachting Association as the best in Northern Europe for sailing.[95] Local, national and international sailing events are regularly held in the bay; these include the J/24 World Championships in 2005, trials for the 2004 Athens Olympics, the ISAF World Championship 2006, the BUCS Fleet Racing Championships, and the RYA Youth National Championships.[96] Weymouth Bay is a venue for other water-sports—the reliable wind is favourable for wind- and kite-surfing. The sheltered waters in Portland Harbour and near Weymouth are used for angling, diving to shipwrecks, snorkelling, canoeing, jet skiing, water skiing, and swimming.[97] The town also has a successful cricket club, who are currently in the Premier Division of the Dorset Saturday League.

Rugby league team South Dorset Giants are based in Weymouth. They play in the South West Division of the Rugby League Conference.

See also

References and notes

A Population figure is an estimate for mid 2006, and includes only the town of Weymouth — not Portland or surrounding villages.
B Areas in American Horticultural Society Heat Zone 1 experience less than one day per year with maximum temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F).[98]
C The maximum hours of sunshine possible in one year is approximately 4383 hours (12 hours/day × 365.25 days).
D The growing season in the United Kingdom is defined as starting on the day after five consecutive days with mean temperatures above 5 °C (41 °F). The season finishes the day after mean temperatures are below 5 °C (41 °F) for five consecutive days.[99]
E Areas in Hardiness zone 9 experience an average lowest recorded temperature each year between -6.6 and -1.1 °C (20 and 30 °F).[100]
F Figures are for Weymouth and Portland as a whole.
G These figures are for July to September in 2007.
  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 "Weymouth—Dorset For You". Dorset County Council. 2006. http://www.dorsetforyou.com/index.jsp?articleid=343610. Retrieved 2009-12-26. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 "Weymouth, Dorset, England". The Dorset Page. 2000. http://www.thedorsetpage.com/locations/place/W200.htm. Retrieved 2006-11-26. 
  3. ↑ "Portland, Dorset, England". The Dorset Page. 2000. http://www.thedorsetpage.com/locations/Place/P120.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-06. 
  4. ↑ "Crabchurch Conspiracy". The Dorset Page. 2000. http://www.thedorsetpage.com/history/Crabchurch_Conspiracy/Crabchurch_Conspiracy.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-01. 
  5. ↑ "Weymouth History". Weymouth Town Council. 2007. http://www.weymouth.ma.us/history/index.asp?id=1104. Retrieved 2007-07-03. 
  6. ↑ "John Endicott and Captain Richard Clark". Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. 2007. Archived from the original on October 06, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071006142716/http%3A//www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp%3Fsvid%3D502. Retrieved 2007-07-03. 
  7. ↑ "Sir Christopher Wren". Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. 2005. Archived from the original on October 06, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071006141300/http%3A//www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp%3Fsvid%3D555. Retrieved 2006-11-12. 
  8. ↑ "Sir James Thornhill". Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. 2005. Archived from the original on October 06, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071006141415/http%3A//www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp%3Fsvid%3D554. Retrieved 2006-11-12. 
  9. ↑ "King George III". Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. 2007. Archived from the original on October 06, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071006140926/http%3A//www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp%3Fsvid%3D553. Retrieved 2007-07-03. 
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  15. ↑ "War Memorials". Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. 2007. Archived from the original on October 06, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071006142913/http%3A//www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp%3Fsvid%3D501. Retrieved 2007-07-03. 
  16. ↑ "Melcombe Regis historic buildings". Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. 2007. Archived from the original on October 06, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071006141030/http%3A//www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp%3Fsvid%3D486. Retrieved 2007-07-03. 
  17. ↑ "World War Two Timelines 1939–1945". worldwar-2.net. 2006. http://www.worldwar-2.net/timelines/war-in-europe/european-air-war/european-air-war-index-1940.htm. Retrieved 2006-11-12. 
  18. ↑ "Barnes Wallis — Displays and Sites of Interest". Iain Murray. 2006. http://www.computing.dundee.ac.uk/staff/irmurray/wallissites.asp. Retrieved 2006-11-12. 
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  21. ↑ "Electoral Cycles Thirds". Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. 2007. Archived from the original on April 08, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080408031609/http%3A//weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp%3Fsvid%3D618. Retrieved 2008-01-04. 
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  23. ↑ "European elections". Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. 2004. Archived from the original on December 24, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071224210748/http%3A//www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp%3Fsvid%3D621. Retrieved 2007-12-16. 
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  28. ↑ "Associations de jumelage" (in French). Ville de Louviers. 2007. http://www.ville-louviers.fr/ville/associations/jumelages/anglais/jum-anglais.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-15. 
  29. ↑ "Geology of the Central South Coast of England". Southampton University. 2006. http://www.soton.ac.uk/~imw/Field-Guides-Introduction.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-14. 
  30. ↑ "Portland Harbour". Bristol Nomads Windsurfing Club. 2007. http://www.bristolnomads.org.uk/location_reports/s_coast/portland.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-30. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Tides: Portland". British Broadcasting Corporation. 2007. http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/coast/tides/tides.shtml?date=20070730&loc=0033. Retrieved 2007-07-30. 
  32. ↑ "Radipole Lake Visitors' Centre". Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. 2007. Archived from the original on May 13, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070513110131/http%3A//www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp%3Fsvid%3D547. Retrieved 2007-07-03. 
  33. ↑ "Nature Conservation Designations – SSSIs". Dorset County Council. 2006. http://www.dorsetforyou.com/index.jsp?articleid=332782. Retrieved 2007-07-25. "800.87 ha sssi for Weymouth & Portland DC" 
  34. ↑ "Distance Calculator". South West Coast Path Association. 2006. http://www.southwestcoastpath.com/main/walks_content/distancecalculator.cfm. Retrieved 2007-12-13. 
  35. ↑ "Park District, Weymouth, Flood". Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. 2007. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071024070652/http%3A//www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp%3Fsvid%3D63. Retrieved 2007-06-17. 
  36. ↑ "Isle of Portland and Weymouth Bay". SCOPAC. 2004. http://www.scopac.org.uk/scopac%20sediment%20db/wey/wey.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-04. 
  37. ↑ "Report boosts Pavilion site marina plan". Dorset Echo. 2007. http://www.dorsetecho.co.uk/news/local/display.var.1587036.0.report_boosts_pavilion_site_marina_plan.php. Retrieved 2007-08-04. 
  38. ↑ "Mean Temperature Annual Average". Met Office. 2001. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/tmean/17.gif. Retrieved 2007-08-11. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.5 "Annual Review of Weymouth's weather 2008". Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. 2009. http://www.weymouth.gov.uk/home.asp?sv=208. Retrieved 2009-12-21. 
  40. ↑ "England 1971-2000 averages". Met Office. 2001. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/areal/england.html. Retrieved 2007-07-10. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Cefas Station 24: Weymouth". The Centre for Environment Fisheries & Aquaculture Science. 2006. http://www.cefas.co.uk/data/sea-temperature-and-salinity-trends/presentation-of-results/station-24-weymouth.aspx. Retrieved 2007-05-21. 
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  43. ↑ "Temperature and Frost". Geoff Kirby. 2005. http://www.geoffkirby.co.uk/Weather/Temperature/. Retrieved 2006-11-18. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 "UK 1971-2000 averages". Met Office. 2001. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/areal/uk.html. Retrieved 2007-08-04. 
  45. ↑ "Days of Snow Lying Annual Average". Met Office. 2001. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/dl/17.gif. Retrieved 2006-10-18. 
  46. ↑ "Mean Temperature Winter Average". Met Office. 2001. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/tmean/16.gif. Retrieved 2006-11-12. 
  47. ↑ "Hardiness Zone Map for Europe". GardenWeb. 1999. http://www.gardenweb.com/zones/europe/. Retrieved 2007-06-20. 
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  49. ↑ Penn, Robert; Woodward, Antony (2007-11-18). "Bring me sunshine". London: Times Online. http://property.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/property/buying_and_selling/article2875491.ece. Retrieved 2008-03-08. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 "Key Figures for 2001 Census: Key Statistics". Office for National Statistics. 2001. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=276940&c=weymouth&d=13&e=15&g=439265&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1197820402080&enc=1. Retrieved 2007-12-16. 
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  72. ↑ "Rail timetable offers London at the double". Dorset Echo. 2007. http://www.dorsetecho.co.uk/news/local/display.var.1881383.0.rail_timetable_offers_london_at_the_double.php. Retrieved 2007-12-05. 
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  78. ↑ "Relief Road Protest Lodged". Dorset Echo. 2007. http://www.dorsetecho.co.uk/display.var.1531988.0.relief_road_protest_lodged.php. Retrieved 2007-07-10. 
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  80. ↑ "Dismembered skeletons' Saxon link". BBC News. 2009-07-10. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/dorset/8145252.stm. Retrieved 2010-03-12. 
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  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 "Secondary Schools (A-Level) in Weymouth". Dorset Echo. 2006. http://localinfo.dorsetecho.co.uk/li/secondary_schools_a_level.in.Weymouth. Retrieved 2008-01-04. 
  84. ↑ "About Us". Weymouth College. 2007. http://www.weymouth.ac.uk/the-college/welcome.html. Retrieved 2008-01-04. 
  85. ↑ "Results – The Thomas Hardye School". The Thomas Hardye School. 2007. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080411041353/http%3A//www.thomas-hardye.dorset.sch.uk/info/results-2007.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-04. 
  86. ↑ "Weymouth Beach Kite Festival". Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. 2008. http://www.visitweymouth.co.uk/index.php?resource=205. Retrieved 2008-02-25. 
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 "'Terras' Timeline". Weymouth F.C.. 2007. http://www.theterras.co.uk/website/timeline.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-13. 
  88. ↑ "League Tables & Results". Weymouth F.C.. 2007. Archived from the original on August 15, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070815194758/http%3A//theterras.co.uk/website/previous-seasons.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-13. 
  89. ↑ "Weymouth – Nottingham Forest". Football.co.uk. 2006. http://www.football.co.uk/match_reports/weymouth_nottingham_forest_784545.shtml. Retrieved 2007-07-03. 
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  93. ↑ "Dean and Reddyhoff Marina". Dean and Reddyhoff Limited. 2007. http://www.portlandmarina.co.uk. Retrieved 2007-03-26. 
  94. ↑ "New Olympic marina plan approved". The British Broadcasting Corporation. 2007-06-27. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/dorset/6246176.stm. Retrieved 2007-06-27. 
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  98. ↑ "Plant Heat Zone Map" (PDF). American Horticultural Society. 2005. http://www.ahs.org/pdfs/05_heat_map.pdf. Retrieved 2008-01-03. 
  99. ↑ "Length of the thermal growing season: 1772-2006". Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 2005. http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/statistics/globatmos/kf/gakf19.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-22. 
  100. ↑ "Hardiness Zones – Details". United States National Arboretum. 2003. http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/hrdzon3.html. Retrieved 2007-12-22. 

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