Ulan-Ude
| Ulan-Ude (English) Улан-Удэ (Russian) Улаан-Үдэ (Buryat) |
|
|---|---|
| — Inhabited locality — | |
 Ulan-Ude Troitsk Cathedral |
|
  Ulan-Ude
|
|
| Coordinates: | |
 |
|
| Holiday | June 12 |
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Buryat Republic |
| Capital of | Buryat Republic |
| Municipal status | |
| Urban okrug | Ulan-Ude Urban Okrug |
| Mayor | Gennady Aydayev |
| Representative body | City Council of Deputies |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 377 km2 (146 sq mi) |
| Population (2002 Census) | 359,391 inhabitants[1] |
| - Rank | 47th |
| - Density | 953 /km2 (2,470 /sq mi)[2] |
| Population (2007) | 373,000 inhabitants |
| Time zone | |
| Founded | 1666 |
| Previous names | Udinsk (until 1783), Verkhneudinsk (until 1934) |
| Postal code(s) | 670000 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 301 |
| Official website | |
Ulan-Ude (Russian: Ула́н-Удэ́; Buryat: Улаан-Үдэ Ulaan-Üde) is the capital city of the Buryat Republic, Russia and is located about 100 km south-east of Lake Baikal on the Uda River at its confluence with the Selenga. According to the 2002 Census, 359,391 residents lived in Ulan-Ude, up from 351,806 recorded in 1989[3] and it is the third largest city in eastern Siberia.
Contents |
Names
Ulan-Ude was first called Udinskoye (Russian: У́динское) for its location on the Uda River. From around 1735, the settlement was called Udinsk (Russian: У́динск) and was granted town status under that name in 1775.
The name was changed to Verkhneudinsk, literally "Upper Udinsk" (Russian: Верхнеу́динск Verxneudinsk; Buryat: Дээдэ-Үдэ Deede-Üde; Mongolian: Дээд Үүд Deed Üüd; Classical Mongolian: Degedy Egüde), in 1783 to differentiate it from Nizhneudinsk ("Lower Udinsk") lying on a different Uda River near Irkutsk which gained town status that year. The "upper" and "lower" refer to positions of the two cities relative to each other, not the location of the cities on their respective Uda rivers. Verkhneudinsk lies at the mouth of its Uda, i.e. the lower end, while Nizhneudinsk is along the middle stretch of its Uda.
The current name of Ulan-Ude (Russian: Ула́н-Удэ́; Buryat: Улаан-Үдэ Ulaan-Üde; Mongolian: Улаан Үүд Ulaan Üüd; Classical Mongolian: Ulaγan Egüde) was given to the city in 1934 and means "red Uda" or "red gate" in Buryat reflecting the communist ideology of the Soviet Union to which it belonged.
History
_(1790).png)
The first occupants of the area where Ulan-Ude now stands were the Evenks and, later, the Buryat Mongols. Ulan-Ude (old name Verkhneudinsk) was founded in 1666 by the Russian Cossacks as fortress Udinskoye. Due to its favourable geographical position, the city grew rapidly and became a large trade centre which connected Russia with China and Mongolia and, from 1690, was the administrative center of the Transbaikal region. In 1775, the city, now Udinsk, was chartered as a city and in 1783 was renamed Verkhneudinsk. After a large fire in 1878, the city was almost completely rebuilt. The Trans-Siberian Railway reached the city in 1900 causing an explosion in growth. The population which was 3,500 in 1880 reached 126,000 in 1939. On 27 July 1934, the city was renamed Ulan-Ude.
Population
According to the 2002 Census, 359,391 residents lived in Ulan-Ude, up from 351,806 recorded in 1989.[3] It is the third largest city in East Siberia.
| Year | 1923 | 1926 | 1939 | 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 21,600 | 28,900 | 125,700 | 174,300 | 253,600 | 299,800 | 351,800 |
The ethnic makeup of the city's population in 2002:
- Russians: 73.1%
- Buryats: 21.4%
- Ukrainians: 2.6%
- Tatars: 0.8%
- Others: 2.1%
The city is the center of Tibetan Buddhism in Russia and the important Ivolginsky datsan is located 23 km from the city.
Transport
Ulan Ude is located on the main line (Trans-Siberian line) of the Trans-Siberian Railway between Irkutsk and Chita at the junction of the Trans-Mongolian line (the Trans-Mongolian Railway) which begins at Ulan Ude and continues south through Mongolia to Beijing in China. The city also lies on the M55 section of the Baikal Highway (part of the Trans-Siberian Highway), the main federal road to Vladivostok. Air traffic is served by the Ulan-Ude Airport (Mukhino), as well as the smaller Ulan-Ude Vostochny Airport. Intracity transport includes tram, bus, and marshrutka (share taxi) lines.
Culture
Until 1991 Ulan-Ude was a city closed to foreigners. There are old merchants' mansions richly decorated with wood and stone carving in the historical center of Ulan-Ude, along the river banks which are exceptional examples of Russian classicism. The city has a large ethnographic museum which recalls the history of the peoples of the region. There is also a large and highly unusual statue of the head of Lenin in the central square, the largest in the world. Built in 1970 for the centennial of Lenin's birth, it towers over the main plaza at 7.7 meters (25 feet) and weighs 42 tons. The bronze head has avoided the patina associated with Bronze via a special coating on the metal, and is a common meeting place. Other attractions are Geser, a monument, and the King's Gate arch. Since Ulan-Ude is an old historic and cultural center in Siberia, there are many other destinations of note.
Geography and climate
Ulan-Ude lies 5,640 kilometers (3,500 mi) east of Moscow and 100 kilometers (60 mi) south-east of Lake Baikal. It is located 600 meters (1,970 ft) above mean sea level at the foot of the Khamar-Daban and Khrebet Ulan-Burgasy mountain ranges, next to the confluence of the Selenga River and its tributary, the Uda which divides the city into two parts.
Ulan Ude has a subarctic steppe climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with long, dry, frigid winters and short but very warm summers. Precipitation is heavily concentrated in the warmer months.
| Climate data for Ulan-Ude | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −18.3 (-0.9) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
9.4 (48.9) |
18.3 (64.9) |
24.2 (75.6) |
25.8 (78.4) |
23.4 (74.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
6.4 (43.5) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −23.8 (-10.8) |
−18.7 (-1.7) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
10.1 (50.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
16.8 (62.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−19.4 (-2.9) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −28.2 (-18.8) |
−24.8 (-12.6) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
3.1 (37.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
13.6 (56.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−23.4 (-10.1) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 4 (0.16) |
3 (0.12) |
2 (0.08) |
5 (0.2) |
14 (0.55) |
41 (1.61) |
69 (2.72) |
63 (2.48) |
29 (1.14) |
8 (0.31) |
9 (0.35) |
10 (0.39) |
257 (10.12) |
| Source: Погода и Климат (Weather and Climate)[5] | |||||||||||||
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Ulan-Ude is twinned with:
Anyang, South Korea.
Berkeley, United States.[6]
Changchun, China.[7]
Darkhan, Mongolia.- Erdenet, Mongolia.
- Hohhot, China.[8]
Kazan, Russia.[9]- Manchuria, China.[10]
Mannheim, Germany.[11]
Rumoi, Japan.[12]
Taipei, Taiwan.[13]- Ulan Bator, Mongolia.[11]
Yalta, Ukraine.[14]- Yamagata, Japan.
Image gallery
 Soviet Square in Ulan-Ude |
 Lenin's head dominates the Soviet Square in Ulan-Ude |
Holy Trinity Church (Svjato-Troickij Xram) in Ulan-Ude |
 Odigitrievsky Russian Orthodox Cathedral in Ulan-Ude |
 The dome of Odigitrievsky Cathedral |
 Statue of "Mother Buryatia" in Ulan-Ude |
 Ulitsa Lenina (Lenin Street) in Ulan-Ude |
 Ulitsa Lenina |
 The 1907 N.L. Kapelman House on Ulitsa Lenina |
 A House on Ulitsa Kirova (Kirov Street) in Ulan-Ude |
 The Mongolian consulate in Ulan-Ude |
 A traditional city house in the ethnographic museum in Ulan-Ude |
 A wooden house in Ulan-Ude |
References
- ↑ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
- ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2002 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the Census (2002).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Russian Census Cities and towns with population of 50 thousand people and over in 1989 and 2002.
- ↑ Исторические предпосылки формирования современной этнической структуры г.Улан-Удэ
- ↑ "КЛИМАТ УЛАН-УДЭ (Climate of Ulan-Ude)". http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/30823.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ↑ "Online Directory: Russian Federation, Eurasia". Sister Cities International. http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/NIS/Russia/index. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
- ↑ Official English website of Changchun, China
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Kazan celebrates its 1000 year anniversary
- ↑ Информация Администрации г. Улан-Удэ о развитии международных и межрегиональных связей за 2004 г.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Ulan Ude looking for sister cities
- ↑ The Russian presence in Japan
- ↑ Sister cities list
- ↑ Yalta and Ulan Ude become sister cities
|
|||||
|
|||||||||||||||||
