Socialist Republic of Macedonia
| Socijalistička Republika Makedonija Социјалистичка Република Македонија Socialist Republic of Macedonia |
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| A federal unit of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia |
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| Capital | Skopje | ||||
| Official language | Macedonian | ||||
| Established In the SFRY: - Since - Until |
August 2, 1944 January 31, 1946 September 8, 1991 |
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| Area - Total - Water |
Ranked 4th in the SFRY 25,333 km² 1.9% |
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| Population - Total - Density |
Ranked 4th in the SFRY 2,033,964 79.1/km² |
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| Currency | Yugoslav dinar (југословенски динари) | ||||
| Time zone | UTC + 1 | ||||
The Socialist Republic of Macedonia (Macedonian: Социјалистичка Република Македонија, Socijalistička Republika Makedonija) was a socialist state that was a constituent country of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[1][2] After the transition of the political system to parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Republic changed its official name to Republic of Macedonia in 1991,[3] and with the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia, it declared full independence on September 8, 1991.
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History
The modern Macedonian state was officially proclaimed under the name Democratic Federal Macedonia[4][5] (Macedonian: Демократска Федерална Македонија, Demokratska Federalna Makedonija) on August 2, 1944, the day of the Ilinden Uprising against the Ottoman empire in 1903, at the First Plenary Session of ASNOM during the antifascist National Liberation War of Macedonia in World War II. This date is now celebrated by the ethnic Macedonians as the day when which they were first allowed to freely state their nationality.
In June of 1945, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia adopted Macedonian as its official language.[5]
In 1945, the state changed its official name to People's Republic of Macedonia. It was formally incorporated as a constituent republic in the Yugoslav Federation in 1946. However, some people were against the federation, others demanded greater independence from the federal authorities, which led to their prosecution. One of the notable victims of these purges was the first president Metodija Andonov - Čento. In 1963, the name was changed to Socialist Republic of Macedonia.
Status
During that time, Macedonia had the status of a state, although not completely independent. It had its own constitution, collective presidency, government, parliament, official language, state symbols, a Ministry of Internal Affairs, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts and other state prerogatives. Also, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia had its own Territorial Defence armed forces (Macedonian: Територијална одбрана, Teritorijalna odbrana)[6], as well as a Bureau for Foreign Relations (a Ministry of Foreign Affairs).[7]
The rights of the ethnic minorities were guaranteed by the Constitution. The ruling political party was the League of Communists of Macedonia (Сојуз на комунистите на Македонија, Sojuz na komunistite na Makedonija).
Official language of SR Macedonia was Macedonian,[8] but Albanian and Turkish national minority[9] had right to use their own languages in the school system.[9]. Constitution of SR Macedonia defined the state as the national state of the Macedonians, but also as the state of Albanians and Turks.[9]
Transition
In 1990 the form of government peacefully changed from socialist state to parliamentary democracy. The first pluralist elections were held on November 11, 1990. After the collective presidency led by Vladimir Mitkov[10] was dissolved, Kiro Gligorov became the first democratically elected president of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on January 31, 1991.[11] On April 16, 1991 the parliament adopted the constitutional amendment for removing the "Socialist" adjective from the official name of the country, and on June 7 the same year, the new name Republic of Macedonia was officially established.[3]. After the process of dissolution of Yugoslavia began, the Republic of Macedonia proclaimed full independence following a referendum held on September 8, 1991.
The Republic of Macedonia is the legal pre-successor to the Socialist Republic of Macedonia.
Heads of Institutions
| History of the Republic of Macedonia |
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|---|---|
 This article is part of a series |
|
| Chronological | |
| Ottoman Macedonia | |
| Karposh's Rebellion | |
| National awakening | |
| Ilinden Uprising | |
| Vardar Banovina | |
| National Liberation War | |
| Anti-Fascist Assembly (ASNOM) | |
| National Liberation Front | |
| Exodus from Northern Greece | |
| Socialist Republic of Macedonia | |
| 1963 Skopje earthquake | |
| Republic of Macedonia | |
| 2001 Insurgency | |
| Ohrid Agreement | |
| Topical | |
| Military history | |
| Demographics | |
| History of the Macedonian people | |
| Other | |
| Public Holidays | |
| Naming Dispute | |
|
Republic of Macedonia Portal |
Presidents of ASNOM
- Metodija Andonov-Čento
- Lazar Koliševski
Presidents of Presidency of Parliament
- Lazar Koliševski
- Vidoe Smilevski
Presidents of Parliament
- Dimče-Mire Stojanov
- Lazar Koliševski
- Lupo Arsov
- Vidoe Smilevski
- Mito Hadživasilev
- Nikola Minčev
Presidents of Presidency
- Vidoe Smilevski
- Ljupčo Arsov
- Angel Čemerski
- Blagoja Talevski
- Tome Bukleski
- Vančo Apostolski
- Dragoljub Stavrev
- Jezdimir Bogdanski
- Vladimir Mitkov
Prime Ministers
- Lazar Koliševski (1945–1953)
- Ljupčo Arsov (1953–1961)
- Aleksandar Grličkov (1961–1965)
- Nikola Minčev (1965–1968)
- Ksente Bogoev (1968–1974)
- Blagoja Popov (1974–1982)
- Dragoljub Stavrev (1982–1986)
- Gligorije Gogovski (1986–1991)
President
This post was established in 1991 after the dissolution of the collective presidency
- Kiro Gligorov[11]
References
- ↑ Устав Федеративне Народне Републике Југославије (1946), sr.wikisource.org, retrieved on October 19, 2007. (Serbo-Croatian)
- ↑ Устав Социјалистичке Федеративне Републике Југославије (1963), sr.wikisource.org, retrieved on October 19, 2007. (Serbo-Croatian)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 On This Day - Macedonian Information Agency - MIA, see: 1991 (Macedonian)
- ↑ Nedelen Vesnik Globus
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Macedonian Information Agency
- ↑ Ministry of Defence of Republic of Macedonia
- ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Macedonia Official Site
- ↑ РЕШЕНИЕ на Антифашиското собрание на народното ослободуене на Македонија за заведуене на македонскиот јазик како службен јазик во македонската држава (Rješenje Antifašističkog sobranja narodnog oslobođenja Makedonije o uvođenju makedonskoga jezika kao službenog jezika u državi Makedoniji), dokument br. 8, 2. kolovoza 1944., Prohor Pčinjski, Metodije Andonov Čento (predsjedatelj ASNOM)
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Spasov, Ljudmil; Arizankovska, Lidija. Hierarhizacija jezikov v Republiki Makedoniji in Republiki Sloveniji glede na jezikovno politiko Evropske unije, (161. – 169.) u: Vidovič-Muha, Ada. (ur.) Slovenski knjižni jezik – aktualna vprašanja in zgodovinske izkušnje : ob 450-letnici izida prve slovenske knjige, Zbirka »Obdobja – metode in zvrsti« (vol. 20, ISSN 1408-211X), Center za slovenščino kot drugi/tuji jezik pri Oddelku za slovenistiko Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani, Ljubljana, 2003., ISBN 961-237-057-5, , str. 163., 164.
- ↑ Faculty of Law, University of Skopje (Macedonian)
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Kiro Gligorov was elected as a President on January 31st 1991, when SR Macedonia was still an official name of the nation. After the change of the state's name, he continued his function as a President of the Republic of Macedonia - The Official Site of The President of the Republic of Macedonia
External links
- The Question of Self-determination and Union of the Macedonian Nation
- Macedonia after the Second World War (1945-1991)
- Dr. Cvetan Cvetkovski: CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Centre for European Constitutional Law
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