Siemens

Siemens AG
Type Public
(AG)
FWB: SIE
NYSE: SI
Industry Conglomerate
Founded 1847 in Berlin, Prussia
Founder(s) Werner von Siemens
Headquarters Berlin, Munich and Erlangen, Germany
Area served Worldwide
Key people Peter Löscher
(President & CEO)
Joe Kaeser
(CFO)
Wolfgang Dehen
(CEO Energy Sector)
Heinrich Hiesinger
(CEO Industry Sector)
Hermann Requardt
(CEO Healthcare Sector)
Products Communication systems
Power Generation
Automation
Lighting
Medical technology
Transportation and Automotive
Railway vehicles
Water Technologies
Building technologies
Home appliances
Fire Alarms
IT Services
Siemens PLM Software
Services Business Services
Financing
Construction
Revenue decrease € 76.651 billion (2009)[1]
Operating income decrease € 4.342 billion (2009)[1]
Net income increase € 2.292 billion (2009)[1]
Total assets increase € 94.926 billion (2009)[1]
Total equity decrease € 26.646 billion (2009)[1]
Employees 420,800 in over 190 countries (2009)[2]
Divisions Industry Sector, Energy Sector, Healthcare Sector
Website Siemens.com
Operational Siemens AG 170 kW hydropower generator built and installed in 1912 in Tsarska Bistritsa Palace, Bulgaria

Siemens AG is a German engineering conglomerate, that is the largest in Europe.[3] Siemens' international headquarters are located in Berlin, Munich and Erlangen, Germany. The company has three main business sectors: Industry, Energy and Healthcare; with a total of 15 divisions.

Worldwide Siemens and its subsidiaries employ approximately 420,800 people in nearly 190 countries and reported global revenue of 76.651 billion euros for the year of 2009.[4] Siemens AG is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, and has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange since March 12, 2001.

Contents

History

Siemens was founded by Werner von Siemens on 12 October 1847. Based on the telegraph, his invention used a needle to point to the sequence of letters, instead of using Morse code. The company, then called Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens & Halske, opened its first workshop on October 12.

In 1848, the company built the first long-distance telegraph line in Europe; 500 km from Berlin to Frankfurt am Main. In 1850 the founder's younger brother, Carl Wilhelm Siemens started to represent the company in London. In the 1850s, the company was involved in building long distance telegraph networks in Russia. In 1855, a company branch headed by another brother, Carl Heinrich von Siemens, opened in St Petersburg, Russia. In 1867, Siemens completed the monumental Indo-European (Calcutta to London) telegraph line.[5]

In 1881, a Siemens AC Alternator driven by a watermill was used to power the world's first electric street lighting in the town of Godalming, United Kingdom. The company continued to grow and diversified into electric trains and light bulbs. In 1890, the founder retired and left the company to his brother Carl and sons Arnold and Wilhelm. Siemens & Halske (S&H) was incorporated in 1897. In 1907 Siemens had 34,324 employees and was the seventh-largest company in the German empire by number of employees.[6] (see List of German companies by employees in 1907)

In 1919, S&H and two other companies jointly formed the Osram lightbulb company. A Japanese subsidiary was established in 1923.

During the 1920s and 1930s, S&H started to manufacture radios, television sets, and electron microscopes.

Ardnacrusha hydro power station

In the 1930s Siemens constructed the Ardnacrusha Hydro Power station on the River Shannon in the then Irish Free State, and it was a world first for its design. The company is remembered for its desire to raise the wages of its under-paid workers only to be overruled by the Cumann na nGaedhael government.[7]

World War II era

A Siemens truck being used as a Nazi public address vehicle in 1932

Preceding World War II Siemens was involved in funding the rise of the Nazi Party and the secret rearmament of Germany. During the second World War, Siemens supported the Hitler regime, contributed to the war effort and participated in the "Nazification" of the economy. Siemens had many factories in and around notorious concentration camps [8][9] to build electric switches for military uses.[10] In one example, almost 100,000 men and women from Auschwitz worked in a Siemens factory inside the camp, supplying the electricity to the camp.

Post-war

In the 1982s and from their new base in Bavaria, S&H started to manufacture computers, semiconductor devices, washing machines, and pacemakers. Siemens AG was incorporated in 1966. The company's first digital telephone exchange was produced in 1980. In 1988 Siemens and GEC acquired the UK defense and technology company Plessey. Plessey's holdings were split, and Siemens took over the avionics, radar and traffic control businesses — as Siemens Plessey.

In 1985 Siemens bought Allis-Chalmers' interest in the partnership company Siemens-Allis (formed 1978) which supplied electrical control equipment. It was incorporated into Siemens' Energy and Automation division.[11]

In 1991, Siemens acquired Nixdorf Computer AG and renamed it Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG.

In October 1991, Siemens acquired the Industrial Systems Division of Texas Instruments, Inc, based in Johnson City, Tennessee. This division was organized as Siemens Industrial Automation, Inc., and was later absorbed by Siemens Energy and Automation, Inc.

In 1997 Siemens introduced the first GSM cellular phone with colour display. Also in 1997 Siemens agreed to sell the defense arm of Siemens Plessey to British Aerospace (BAe) and a UK government agency, the Defence Analytical Services Agency (DASA). BAe and DASA acquired the British and German divisions of the operation respectively.[12]

In 1999, Siemens' semiconductor operations were spun off into a new company known as Infineon Technologies. Also, Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG formed part of Fujitsu Siemens Computers AG in that year. The retail banking technology group became Wincor Nixdorf.

In 2000 Shared Medical Systems Corporation[13] was acquired by the Siemens' Medical Engineering Group[14], eventually becoming part of Siemens Medical Solutions.

Also in 2000 Atecs-Mannesman was acquired by Siemens,[15] The sale was finalised in April 2001 with 50% of the shares acquired, acquisition, Mannesmann VDO AG merged into Siemens Automotive forming Siemens VDO Automotive AG, Atecs Mannesmann Dematic Systems merged into Siemens Production and Logistics forming Siemens Dematic AG, Mannesmann Demag Delaval merged into the Power Generation division of Siemens AG.[16] Other parts of the company were acquired by Robert Bosch GmbH at the same time.[17]

In 2001 Chemtech Group of Brazil was incorporated into the Siemens Group[18], the company provides industrial process optimisation, consultancy and other engineering services[19]

In 2003 Siemens acquired the flow division of Danfoss and incorporated it into the Automation and Drives division.[20] Also in 2003 Siemens acquired IndX software (realtime data organisation and presentation)[21][22] The same year in an unrelated development Siemens reopened its office in Kabul.[23] Also in 2003 agreed to buy Alstom Industrial Turbines; a manufacturer of small, medium and industrial gas turbines for 1.1billlion Euro.[24][25]

In 2004 the wind energy company Bonus Energy in Brande, Denmark was acquired.[26][27] Siemens' wind power division was formed the same year.[28] Also in 2004 Siemens invested in Dasan Networks (South Korea, broadband network equipment) acquiring ~40% of the shares[29], Nokia Siemens disinvested itself of the shares in 2008.[30] The same year Siemens acquired Photo-Scan (UK, CCTV systems)[31], US Filter Corporation (water purification, acquired from Veolia)[32], Hunstville Electronics Corporation (automobile electronics, acquired from Chrysler)[33], and Chantry Networks (WLAN equipment)[34]

In 2005 Siemens sold the Siemens mobile manufacturing business to BenQ, forming the BenQ-Siemens division. Also in 2005 Siemens acquired Flender Holding GmbH (Bocholt, Germany, gears/industrial drives)[35], Bewator AB (buiding security systems)[36], Wheelabrator Air Pollution Control, Inc. (Industrial and power station dust control systems)[37], AN Windenegrie GmbH. (Wind energy)[38], Power Technologies Inc. (Schenectady, USA, energy industry software and training)[39], CTI Molecular Imaging (Positron emission tomography and molecular imaging systems)[40][41], Myrio (IPTV systems)[42], Shaw Power Technologoes International Ltd (UK/USA, electrical engineering consulting, acquired from Shaw Group)[43][44], and Transmitton (Ashby de la Zouch UK, rail and other industry control and asset management)[45]

In 2006, Siemens announced the purchase of Bayer Diagnostics, which was incorporated into the Medical Solutions Diagnostics division on 1 January 2007, also in 2006 Siemens acquired Controlotron (New York) (ultrasonic flow meters)[46][47] Also in 2006 Siemens acquired Diagnostic Products Corp., Kadon Electro Mechanical Services Ltd. (now TurboCare Canada Ltd.), Kühnle, Kopp, & Kausch AG, Opto Control, and VistaScape Security Systems.

In March 2007 a Siemens board member was temporarily arrested and accused of illegally financing a business-friendly labour association which competes against the union IG Metall. He has been released on bail. Offices of the labour union and of Siemens have been searched. Siemens denies any wrongdoing.[48] In April the Fixed Networks, Mobile Networks and Carrier Services divisions of Siemens merged with Nokia’s Network Business Group in a 50/50 joint venture, creating a fixed and mobile network company called Nokia Siemens Networks. Nokia delayed the merger[49] due to bribery investigations against Siemens.[50] In October 2007, a court in Munich found that the company had bribed public officials in Libya, Russia, and Nigeria in return for the awarding of contracts; four former Nigerian Ministers of Communications were among those named as recipients of the payments. The company admitted to having paid the bribes and agreed to pay a fine of 201 million euros. In December 2007, the Nigerian government canceled a contract with Siemens due to the bribery findings.[51][52]

Also in 2007 Siemens acquired Vai Ingdesi Automation (Argentina, Industrial Automation), UGS Corp., Dade Behring, Sidelco ((Quebec, Canada), S/D Engineers Inc., and Gesellschaft für Systemforschung und Dienstleistungen im Gesundheitswesen mbH (GSD) (Germany).

In July 2008, Siemens AG announced a joint venture of the Enterprise Communications business with the Gores Group. The Gores Group holding a majority interest of 51% stake, with Siemens AG holding a minority interest of 49%.[53] Also acquired in 2008 was SG Wasseraufbereitung und Regenerierstation GmbH (SG Water).

In April 2009, Fujitsu Siemens Computers became Fujitsu Technology Solutions as a result of Fujitsu buying out Siemens' share of the company.

Chief executives and executive board members

  • Werner von Siemens
  • Wilhelm von Siemens
  • Carl Friedrich von Siemens
  • Hermann von Siemens
  • Ernst von Siemens
  • Michael Becker
  • Volker Walprecht
  • Gerd Tacke
  • Ralf Guntermann
  • Tom Blades
  • Karlheinz Kaske
  • M.H.Bhutta
  • Michael Süß
  • René Umlauft
  • Matthias Platsch
  • Bernhard Plettner
  • Heinrich von Pierer
  • Tom Blades
  • Ralf Christian
  • Klaus Kleinfeld
  • Peter Löscher (2007–present)(CEO)
  • Wolfgang Dehen
  • Steve Conner

Corporate divisions

Management

Peter Löscher (formerly of Merck) is the current president and the CEO as of July 1, 2007.[54] He succeeded Dr. Klaus Kleinfeld after the scandal charges of bribery against Siemens. Gerhard Cromme is the current chairman of the supervisory board of Siemens AG. He succeeded Dr. Heinrich von Pierer on April 26, 2007.

Organization structure

Since 1 January 2008, the company is divided into 3 sectors and a total of 15 divisions.[55][56]

In addition two other organisations Siemens IT Solutions and Services and Siemens Financial Services were part of the group, providing services to the other divisions.[56]

Key business areas and subsidiary companies before 2008

Siemens' five operational business areas before 2008 were:

The company also operated subsidiaries for Financing (Siemens Financial Services), Real Estate (Siemens Real Estate), Home Appliances (BSH), Water Technologies (SWT) and Business Services.

Joint ventures

In addition to the Nokia Siemens telecommunications giant formed in 2006 the company has a number of other joint ventures:

Controversies

2007 Price fixing fine

In January 2007 Siemens was fined €396 million by the European Commission for price fixing in EU electricity markets through a cartel involving 11 companies, among which ABB, Alstom, Fuji, Hitachi Japan, AE Power Systems, Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Schneider, Areva, Toshiba and VA Tech[60] According to the Commission, "between 1988 and 2004, the companies rigged bids for procurement contracts, fixed prices, allocated projects to each other, shared markets and exchanged commercially important and confidential information."[60] Siemens was given the highest fine of €396 million, more than half of the total, for its alleged leadership role in the incident.

Bribery case

Siemens agreed to pay a record $1.34 billion in fines in December 2008[61] after being investigated for serious bribery, involving Heinz-Joachim Neubürger, former chief financial officer, Karl-Hermann Baumann, another former CFO and exchairman, and Johannes Feldmayer, a former management board member.[62] The investigation found questionable payments of roughly €1.3 billion, from 2002 to 2006 that triggered a broad range of inquiries in Germany, the United States and many other countries.[63]

In May 2007 a German court convicted two former executives of paying about €6 million in bribes from 1999 to 2002 to help Siemens win natural gas turbine supply contracts with Enel, an Italian energy company. The contracts were valued at about €450 million. Siemens was fined €38 million.[64]

Iran telecoms controversy

Siemens was part of a joint venture with Nokia in 2008 to provide Iran's monopoly telecom company with technology that allowed it to intercept the internet communications of its citizens to an unprecedented degree.[65][66] The technology reportedly allowed it to use 'deep packet inspection' to read and even change the content of everything from "emails and internet phone calls to images and messages on social-networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter". The technology "enables authorities to not only block communication but to monitor it to gather information about individuals, as well as alter it for disinformation purposes" expert insiders told the Wall Street Journal. During the post-election protests in Iran in June 2009, Iran's internet access was reported to have slowed to less than a tenth of its normal speeds, and experts suspected this was due to the use of the interception technology.[67] The joint venture company, Nokia-Siemens Networks, asserted in a press release that it provided Iran only with a 'lawful intercept capability' "solely for monitoring of local voice calls". "Nokia Siemens Networks has not provided any deep packet inspection, web censorship or Internet filtering capability to Iran," it said.[68]

Products

Siemens Foundation

Through an American sub-organisation known as the Siemens Foundation, Siemens also devotes funds to rewarding students and AP teachers. One of its main programs is the Siemens Westinghouse Competition in mathematics, science, and technology, which annually grants scholarships up to US$100,000 to both individual and team entrants. According to the foundation website, Siemens awards a total of nearly US$2 million in scholarship money every year.

Competitors

Similar major corporations to Siemens:

  • 3Com Corporation
  • ABB
  • Alcatel-Lucent
  • Alstom
  • Apriso
  • Avaya
  • Avic
  • Automated Logic Corporation
  • Bombardier
  • Chemtrols Industries Limited
  • Cisco Systems
  • Computrols
  • Eaton
  • Emerson Electric
  • Ericsson
  • Omron Electronics
  • Philips
  • Reliable Controls
  • Rockwell Automation
  • Samsung
  • Sartorius AG
  • Schneider Electric (Square D)
  • SEW Eurodrive
  • TMEIC GE
  • Toshiba
  • WEG Industries
  • Vestas Wind Systems (wind turbines)

See also

References

  • Greider, William (1997). One World, Ready or Not. Penguin Press. ISBN 0-7139-9211-5.
Footnotes
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Siemens AG Annual report". 2009. http://w1.siemens.com/annual/08/en/key_figures.htm. 
  2. ↑ "Siemens AG Annual report". http://w1.siemens.com/annual/08/en/key_figures.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-03. 
  3. ↑ "Bloomberg.com". http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601100&sid=agxq4nZkE.lc&refer=germany. Retrieved 2008-01-12. 
  4. ↑ "Siemens AG – Annual Report". www.siemens.com. July 2010. http://www.siemens.com/investor/pool/en/investor_relations/e09_00_gb2009.pdf. Retrieved 5 July 2010. 
  5. ↑ "Siemens history". http://w4.siemens.de/archiv/en/laender/asien/indien.html. Retrieved 2008-01-12. 
  6. ↑ Fiedler, Martin (1999). "Die 100 größten Unternehmen in Deutschland – nach der Zahl ihrer Beschäftigten – 1907, 1938, 1973 und 1995" (in German). Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte (Munich: Verlag C.H. Beck) 1: 32–66. 
  7. ↑ Ardnacrusha – Dam hard job – Sunday Mirror, August 4, 2002
  8. ↑ eh.net
  9. ↑ BBC – Zyklon controversy
  10. ↑ jewishvirtuallibrary.org – Ravensbruck
  11. ↑ Allis-Chalmers & Siemens-Allis Electrical Control Parts (information about Siemens-Allis - via www.accontroldirect.com
  12. ↑ 1988 SIEMENS PLESSEY ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS production.investis.com
  13. ↑ Company History:Shared Medical Systems Corporation , Dave Mote , www.answers.com
  14. ↑ COMPANY NEWS; SIEMENS TO ACQUIRE SHARED MEDICAL SYSTEMS , 2 May 2000 , www.nytimes.com
  15. ↑ Mannesmann Arcive - brief history Year 2000 , www.mannesmann-archiv.de
  16. ↑ Report to Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, D.C. 27 Auguest 2002 , via www.siemens.com
  17. ↑ Article: Bosch, Siemens to buy Atecs Mannesmann unit.(Brief Article) European Rubber Journal Article , 1 June 2000 , Bruce Davis , via www.highbeam.com
  18. ↑ Chemtech: A Siemens' company www.chemtech.com
  19. ↑ Chemtech – A Siemens Company www.energy.siemens.com
  20. ↑ Acquisition of Flow Division of Danfoss successful 6 September 2003 , www.automation.siemens.com
  21. ↑ Siemens to buy IndX Software , 2 December 2003 , www.itworld.com
  22. ↑ Siemens Venture Capital - Investments IndX Software Corporation , finance.siemens.com
  23. ↑ United Nations Security Council meeting 4943 page 7 on 15 April 2004 (retrieved 2007-09-06)
  24. ↑ Siemens 'to buy Alstom turbines' , Malcolm Moore , 7 April 2003 , www.telegraph.co.uk
  25. ↑ ALSTOM completes the sale of its medium gas turbines and industrial steam turbines businesses to Siemens , 1 August 2003 , www.alstom.com
  26. ↑ Siemens buys Bonus Energy , Eva Balslev , 20 October 2004 , guidedtour.windpower.org
  27. ↑ Siemens to acquire Bonus Energy A/S in Denmark and enter wind energy business 20 October 2004 , www.edubourse.com
  28. ↑ Siemens VENTURE magazine , May 2005 , p.5 , www.energy.siemens.com
  29. ↑ Siemens ICN to invest E100m in Korean unit Dasan Michael Newlands , Total Telecom , 17 June 2004 , via www.totaltele.com
  30. ↑ Nokia Siemens Networks sells 56 pc stake in Dasan 28 August 2008 , Reuters , via economictimes.indiatimes.com
  31. ↑ Siemens hits the UK market running with Photo-Scan takeover.(News) , CCTV Today , 1 November 2004 , via www,accessmylibrary.com
  32. ↑ Siemens acquires US Filter Corp (Siemens setzt auf Wasser und plant weitere Zukaufe) Europe Intelligence Wire , 13 May 13, 2004 , via www.accessmylibrary.com
  33. ↑ Chrysler Group's Huntsville electronics ops to be acquired by Siemens VDO Automotive, 10 February 2004 , www.emsnow.com
  34. ↑ Siemens swallows start-up Chantry , John Cox, Network World Fusion Network World US , 10 December 2004 , news.techworld.com
  35. ↑ Company History: Flender www.flender.com
  36. ↑ BEWATOR: A BRIGHT FUTURE WITH A BRAND NEW NAME April, 2008 , www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com
  37. ↑ Siemens Power Generation Acquires Pittsburgh-Based Wheelabrator Air Pollution Control, Inc.; Business Portfolio Expanded to Include Emission Prevention and Control Solutions , Business Wire , 5 October 2005 , via findarticles.com
  38. ↑ Siemens uebernimmt AN Windenergie GmbH 3 November 2005 , www.windmesse.de
  39. ↑ German conglomerate Siemens buys Schenectady, N.Y.-based energy software firm Times Union (Albany, NY) , 11 January 2005 , via www.accesssmylibrary.com
  40. ↑ Siemens buys CTI molecular imaging Instrument Business Outlook , 15 May 2005 , via www.allbusiness.com
  41. ↑ Siemens acquires CTI Molecular Imaging www.thefreelibrary.com
  42. ↑ Myrio www.crunchbase.com
  43. ↑ Siemens Power Transmission acquires Shaw Power Tech Int Ltd from Shaw Group Inc , Thomson Financial Mergers & Acquisitions , 2004 Decemeber 2004 , via www.alacrastore.com
  44. ↑ Siemens Power Transmission & Distribution has acquired the business activities of Shaw Power Technologies Inc. in the U.S. and Shaw Power Technologies Limited in the U.K. (Alliances, Mergers and Acquisitions) (Brief Article) , Utility Automation & Engineering T&D , 1 January 2005 , via www.alacrastore.com
  45. ↑ Siemens acquires Transmitton , press release , 15 August 2005 , www.siemenstransportation.co.uk
  46. ↑ Siemens Acquires Controlotron impeller.net
  47. ↑ Controlotron Company Reference www.sea.siemens.com
  48. ↑ "Board member arrested in new blow for Siemens". http://www.ft.com/cms/s/75295b46-dcc9-11db-a21d-000b5df10621.html. 
  49. ↑ Associated Press quoted by Forbes: Nokia-Siemens Venture to Start in April, March 15, 2007
  50. ↑ International Herald Tribune: Bribery trial deepens Siemens woes, March 13, 2007
  51. ↑ Agande, Ben; Miebi Senge (2007-12-05). "Bribe: FG blacklists Siemens". Vanguard (Vanguard Media). http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2621&Itemid=41. Retrieved 2007-12-07. 
  52. ↑ Taiwo, Juliana (2007-12-06). "FG Blacklists Siemens, Cancels Contract". Thisday (Leaders & Company). http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=97185. Retrieved 2007-12-07. 
  53. ↑ Siemens to spin off SEN into JV with Gores Group
  54. ↑ cnbc.com
  55. ↑ "New organizational structure of Siemens AG as of January 1, 2008". http://w1.siemens.com/press/en/events/press-briefing.php. Retrieved 2008-03-08. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Siemens organizes operations in three Sectors with total of 15 Divisions , Press release , 28 November 2007 , www.siemens.com
  57. ↑ Power Generation, Power Transmission & Distribution
  58. ↑ Siemens VDO
  59. ↑ Siemens Traction Equipment Ltd., Zhuzhou cn.siemens.com
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 EU cracks down on electricity-gear cartel, EurActiv, 25 January 2007 (English)
  61. ↑ Lichtblau, Eric; Dougherty, Carter (2008-12-16). "Siemens to Pay $1.34 Billion in Fines, The New York Times". http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/16/business/worldbusiness/16siemens.html?_r=1&hp=&pagewanted=print. Retrieved 2008-12-16. 
  62. ↑ ft.com
  63. ↑ iht.com
  64. ↑ "The New York Times". 2007-05-15. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/15/business/worldbusiness/15siemens.html. Retrieved 2007-05-15. 
  65. ↑ "Hi-tech helps Iranian monitoring". BBC News. 2009-06-22. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8112550.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-07. 
  66. ↑ Washington Times
  67. ↑ Rhoads, Christopher; Chao, Loretta (2009-06-22). "Iran's Web Spying Aided By Western Technology". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124562668777335653.html#mod. 
  68. ↑ http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/global/Press/Press+releases/news-archive/Provision+of+Lawful+Intercept+capability+in+Iran.htm

Further reading

External links

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