Ronnie Peterson

This article is about the racing driver. For the ice hockey player, see Ronnie Pettersson. For the motorcycle speedway rider, see Ronni Pedersen.

Ronnie Peterson

Peterson in 1971
Date of birth	14 February 1944(1944-02-14)
Date of death	11 September 1978(1978-09-11) (aged 34)
Formula One World Championship career
Nationality	Swedish
Active years	1970 - 1978
Teams	March inc. non-works, Tyrrell, Lotus
Races	123
Championships	0
Wins	10
Podiums	26
Career points	206
Pole positions	14
Fastest laps	9
First race	1970 Monaco Grand Prix
First win	1973 French Grand Prix
Last win	1978 Austrian Grand Prix
Last race	1978 Italian Grand Prix

Bengt Ronnie Peterson (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈrɔni ˈpɛtɛʂon]; February 14, 1944 - September 11, 1978) was a Swedish racing driver.

Peterson began his motor racing career in kart racing, traditionally the discipline where the majority of race drivers begin their career in open wheel racing. After winning a number of karting titles, including two Swedish titles in 1963 and 1964, he moved onto Formula Three where he won the prestigious Monaco Grand Prix Formula Three support race for the 1969 Grand Prix. Later that year he won the European Formula Three Championship and moved up into Formula One, racing for the March factory team. In his three year spell with the team, he took four podiums, all of which were scored during the 1971 Formula One season in which he also finished as runner-up in the Drivers' Championship.

After seeing out his three year contract at March, Peterson joined Colin Chapman's Team Lotus in 1973, partnering defending champion Emerson Fittipaldi. During his first two seasons with Lotus, Peterson took seven victories, scoring a career best 52 points in 1973. After a poor 1975 season, Peterson moved back to March and scored his final victory for the team at the 1976 Italian Grand Prix. After spending 1977 with Tyrrell, he moved back to Lotus as "number two" driver to Mario Andretti. Peterson still took two wins, at Kyalami and the Österreichring, but died from injuries received in a first lap collision at the 1978 Italian Grand Prix.

Early life

Peterson was born in Almby in the vicinity of Örebro, Sweden. He developed his driving style at a young age while competing in karting, and rapidly worked his way up to the pinnacle of European karting before switching to cars.

Formulas Three and Two

After his karting years, Peterson entered Formula Three racing in the Svebe, a 1L, Brabham-derived Formula car he co-designed with his father Bengt (who was a baker) and Sven Andersson.

Superb results from the outset quickly attracted the attention of the ambitious Tecno company from Italy, who signed him up in 1968. The pairing produced some fine results, and he won the 1969 Formula Three Championship.

Even after his elevation to F1 status Peterson still drove in lower echelon racing series (which was common at the time), winning the 1971 European Formula Two Championship driving for March.

Formula One

Early years

Peterson made his Grand Prix debut in a March 701 for Colin Crabbe's works-supported Antique Automobiles Racing Team at the 1970 Monaco Grand Prix. The limited budget of Crabbe's privateer team allowed only minimal testing but Peterson qualified 12th out of 16 cars in the race. He was 10 places behind Jackie Stewart and Chris Amon, both on the front row of the grid in their newer specification 701s, but only just behind the more experienced Jo Siffert in the second works March. Peterson was the only March driver to finish the race, in seventh place.^[1] In 1971 Peterson moved up to the full March works team, and made an instant impression. Five Formula One Grand Prix second places earned him the position of runner-up to Jackie Stewart in that year's World Championship. Peterson stayed at March until 1973, when he signed for John Player Team Lotus to partner Emerson Fittipaldi.

1973 - 1976

Lotus 72/R8 - Ronnie Peterson's main car during the 1974 Formula One season.

Ronnie Peterson at Silverstone in 1975.

Peterson's first Grand Prix win was at the 1973 French Grand Prix, held at Paul Ricard, in a Lotus 72. There were three more wins that year, in Austria, Italy and the United States, but poor reliability restricted him to only third place in the World Championship at season's end.

1974 yielded three more victories: the French and Italian Grands Prix, as well as the Monaco Grand Prix, the premier event of Formula One.

1975 was a bad year for Lotus. The Lotus 76 proved a failure, and he reverted to driving the 72F.

Peterson drove the first two races of 1976 in the Lotus 77 before rejoining March Engineering. Driving the March 761, he won the Italian Grand Prix.

1977 - 1978

In 1977, he raced for Tyrrell, driving the six-wheel Tyrrell P34B. His only podium finish was a third place at the Belgian Grand Prix.

Peterson surprised many by leaving Tyrrell to return to John Player Team Lotus for 1978. He won the 1978 South African Grand Prix, with a last-lap victory over Patrick Depailler, as well as the Austrian Grand Prix, in the innovative 'ground effect' Lotus 79. His teammate Mario Andretti won the Drivers' Championship with Peterson acting effectively as the Team "No. 2" with the pair scoring four 1-2 wins, all with Mario at the lead. Both of Peterson's wins occurred when Andretti encountered trouble, with Mario winning once when Peterson failed to finish (not including the Italian Grand Prix). Many times Peterson followed Andretti closely home, leading to speculation that 'Team Orders' were in place.

Throughout the 1970s Peterson had the reputation of being the fastest driver in F1 in terms of raw speed. During the 1978 season Andretti would frequently post the faster qualifying time. Perhaps refusing to believe the American could best Peterson in a head to head contest, many came to believe that team orders extended even to qualifying. To his credit, Peterson refused to contribute to any controversy, and on numerous occasions dismissed the speculation by stating that Andretti had simply turned the faster time.

Death

The 1978 Italian Grand Prix at Monza started badly for Peterson. In practice he damaged his Lotus 79 race car beyond immediate repair and bruised his legs in the process. Team Lotus possessed a spare 79, but it had been constructed for Andretti, and the taller Peterson was unable to fit comfortably inside. The team's only other car was a type 78, the previous year's car, which had been dragged around the F1 circuit that season with minimal maintenance.

At the start of the race, the race starter threw the green light before the field was ready to start. The cars from fourth row onwards (Peterson started from the third) were still rolling when the green light came on and got a jump on those ahead of them, resulting in an accordion effect as the cars approached the chicane, bunching the cars tightly together. The front four, Andretti, Villeneuve, Jabouille and Lauda were sufficiently further ahead to avoid any drama, but Peterson, starting fifth, had made a poor start and was immediately passed by Alan Jones, Jacques Laffite and John Watson.

Jody Scheckter and Riccardo Patrese, starting 10th and 12th respectively, had moved to the right across the line that separated the Grand Prix front straight from the approach to the old Monza banking. While Scheckter's Wolf was able to rejoin the track well ahead of the bunching pack, Patrese moved back in just ahead of James Hunt, who feinted left and collided with Peterson, with Vittorio Brambilla, Carlos Reutemann, Hans-Joachim Stuck, Patrick Depailler, Didier Pironi, Derek Daly, Clay Regazzoni and Brett Lunger all involved in the ensuing melee.

Peterson's Lotus went into the barriers hard and immediately caught fire before bouncing back into the middle of the track. He was trapped in the burning wreck, but Hunt, Regazzoni and Depailler managed to free him from the wreck before he received more than minor burns. Peterson was dragged free and laid in the middle of the track fully conscious, his severe leg injuries obvious to all. Hunt later said he stopped Peterson from looking at his legs to spare him further distress.

At the time there was more concern for Brambilla, who was hit on the head by a flying wheel and was slumped comatose in his car (he later recovered and drove on in F1 until 1980). Peterson's life was not seen to be in any danger. The injured drivers were taken to hospital in Milan and the race was restarted after the track was cleaned up.

At the hospital, Peterson's X-rays showed he had 7 fractures in one leg and 3 in the other. After discussion with Ronnie himself, the surgeons decided to operate to stabilize the bones. Unfortunately, during the night, bone marrow went into Peterson's bloodstream through the fractures, forming fat globules on his major organs including lungs, liver, and brain. By morning he was in full renal failure and was declared dead a few hours later. The cause of death was given as fat embolism.

Peterson's life would most likely have been saved had he received medical attention immediately after his accident. Track officials insisted on forming a human wall stopping anyone, including Professor Sid Watkins, the then Surgical Advisor to Formula One, from entering the crash site. After a delay of between eleven to eighteen minutes an ambulance was sent to the accident scene and Peterson was taken to the Monza medical centre.

Teammate Mario Andretti clinched the championship at the race.^[2] "It was so unfair to have a tragedy connected with probably what should have been the happiest day of my career", Andretti said, "I couldn't celebrate, but also, I knew that trophy would be with me forever. And I knew also that Ronnie would have been happy for me".^[2]

The statue of Ronnie Peterson in Almby, Örebro was unveiled in August 2003.

After the crash, Hunt (along with other drivers) blamed Patrese for starting the accident, and viewers of Hunt's commentaries of Formula 1 races from 1980-1993 on BBC Television were regularly treated to bitter diatribes against Patrese when the Italian appeared on screen. Nigel Roebuck was another who initially blamed Patrese but recanted.

Peterson ran a total of 123 Grand Prix races during his career, winning ten of them. He is arguably the greatest driver, along with Stirling Moss and Gilles Villeneuve, never to have won the Formula One World Championship.

Peterson's widow Barbro (née Edwardsson) never got over his death and committed suicide on December 19, 1987. She was buried, alongside Ronnie, in the Peterson family grave in Örebro.^[3] She and Ronnie had a daughter named Nina Louise (named after Jochen Rindt's wife) who was born in November 1975.^[3][4] There is a statue of Ronnie Peterson in Örebro, by Richard Brixel. The official Ronnie Peterson museum was officially opened by Nina Peterson in Örebro on 31 May 2008. However, it closed in October 2009 as it was not able to secure government funding.^[5]

Complete World Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

Journals

• Henry, Alan (October 2008). "My Mate Ronnie". Motor Sport 48 (10): 58–64. 

Internet

• Nyberg, R. & Diepraam, M. 2000. Super Swede. 8W, January 2000.

Citations

External links

• The Official Ronnie Peterson Website