Palembang

Palembang

Coat of arms
Nickname(s): "Bumi Sriwijaya (The Land of Srivijaya)"
Motto: Palembang BARI (Bersih, Aman, Rapi, Indah) (Palembang: Clean, Safe, Neat, and Beautiful)
Palembang is located in Sumatra
Palembang
Location of the town in southern Sumatra
Palembang is located in Indonesia
Palembang
Location of the town in Indonesia
Coordinates:
Country  Indonesia
Province South Sumatra
City Palembang
Incorporated (city) June 16, 683
Government
 - Mayor H. Eddy Santana Putra (2008-2013)
 - Vice Mayor H. Romi Herton (2008-2013)
Area
 - Total 400.61 km2 (154.7 sq mi)
Population (2000)
 - Total 1,441,500
 - Density 3,599/km2 (9,321.4/sq mi)
Time zone WIB (UTC+7)
Area code(s) 0711
Website www.palembang.go.id and [1]

Palembang is the capital city of South Sumatra Province of Indonesia. It was formerly known as the capital city of the ancient Kingdom of Srivijaya. Srivijaya or Sriwijaya was a powerful ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra, modern day Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia.[1] The earliest solid proof of its existence dates from the 7th century; a Chinese monk, I-Tsing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in 671 for 6 months.[2][3] The first inscription in which the name Srivijaya appears also dates from the 7th century, namely the Kedukan Bukit Inscription around Palembang in Sumatra, dated 683.

Palembang is the oldest city in Indonesia with a lot of history as a capital of a maritime empire. Located on the Musi River banks on the east coast of southern Sumatra island, it has an area of 400,61 square kilometres and a population of 1.441.500. Palembang is the second-largest city in Sumatra after Medan and the seventh-largest city in Indonesia.

Palembang landmarks include the Ampera bridge and the Musi River which divides the city into two, Seberang Ilir to the north and Seberang Ulu to the south. The Seberang Ilir is the economic and cultural centre and the Seberang Ulu is the political centre.

It is sometimes nicknamed "Venice of the east"[1][2]

Contents

History

The city was once the capital of the ancient, Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya that controlled a large part of what is now Malaysia and Indonesia. Following a 1025 raid by the Chola Empire (In the period of Emperor Rajendra Chola I) of southern India it began to gradually decline in importance. Srivijaya's capital eventually moved northward to Jambi. Palembang is also the origin of Parameswara, founder of the Malacca Sultanate.

The architectural legacy of Dutch colonization is still visible in the city. Deep-water port facilities are built along the Musi River, which flows through the city.

The naval Battle of Palembang was fought near the city during the Second World War between February 13-February 15, 1942.

Kingdom of Sriwijaya

Hill Kedukan framed inscription AD 682 is the oldest inscription found in Palembang. This inscription tells of a large army coming from Minanga Tamwan with ecstasy. Historians refer to the numbers on this inscription as the birthday of Sriwijaya, Palembang, although the possibility has become the capital of the kingdom prior year.

In the period 850 - 1025 AD, is the richest city of Palembang in South East Asia, it is trading in line with the prosperity of Sriwijaya. In addition to the Far East trade center, at this time of Palembang is also the center of Buddhist teaching. The students from China many stopped in this city to study Buddhism in India before continuing.

In the year 990, from the Kingdom Medang Apo attacked Palembang. In this attack the royal palace was invaded and destroyed Palembang. Culamanivarmadeva However, the king who ruled at the time, can control the situation and hit back at the troops to return to Java Medang. Palembang is prosperous again under attack from foreigners. Rajendra Chola of the Chola kingdom sacked Palembang in 1025. After destroying the king of Palembang and charming, the troops looted treasure Chola kingdom abundant as the spoils of war.

With this attack the kingdom of the situation which resulted in uncontrolled moving of the capital of Srivijaya to Jambi. Since the move into the city of Palembang just a simple port that does not mean more to foreign traders. [4]

Ampera Bridge.

The collapse phase of Sriwijaya

After the collapse of Srivijaya, no major power that controls the town. At that time in Palembang and the surrounding emerging local forces such as the Great Commander in the lower Yellow River Musi, The Trembling Nature group in the hills, the Master and Master Bosai Strong River upstream Histories, Commander Gumay groups along the Bukit Barisan, and so on. [citation needed] In addition, some merchants of China make this city as their trade base. Sea People also made their headquarters Palembang as a pirate.

In this phase, Prince emerged last Sriwijaya, Parameswara. Following the invasion of Majapahit to Palembang, Parameswara with Sang Nila Utama go Tumasik fled. There he killed the governor Tumasik Thai nationals. When the Thai army will attack Tumasik, Parameswara with his followers moved to Malacca in the Malay Peninsula, and established the kingdom of Malacca. Parameswara converted to Islam to marry the daughter of Ocean Pasai and changed his name to Sultan Iskandar Shah. Malacca flourished in the 15th century so that Parameswara became the sole ruler of the Malacca Strait and waters around it, even Palembang finally under his thumb. Phase Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam

Sultanate of Palembang

Destruction of Majapahit in Java indirectly contributed to the result of a long power Pamalayu expedition in Sumatra. Several key figures behind the collapse of Majapahit as Raden Patah, Ario Dillah (Ario Damar), and Pati Unus the figures closely kaitanya with Palembang. After the Sultanate of Demak which is the replacement of Majapahit in Java stand, in Palembang was soon stood well with the Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam "Mukmiminin Khalifatul susuhunan Sayyidu Abddurrahaman Faith" as the first king. This kingdom to marry the two cultures, maritime heritage of the Sriwijaya and Majapahit and agriculture and trade center of the greatest in the Malay Peninsula at the time. One of the most famous king during this period was the Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II who had won three times in the battle against the European (Dutch and English).

Phase Colonialism

Logo "Visit Musi 2008"

After the fall of the Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam after the defeat of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II in heavy fighting involving General de Kock, Palembang almost a subordinate kingdom. Some of the sultan after Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II which states surrendered to the Dutch, tried to rebel but all failed and ended with the burning of the imperial buildings. After that Palembang was divided into two major prefectures, and settlements in Palembang is divided into regions and Ulu Ilir.

Today

Palembang city have been declared by the President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as the "City of Water Tour" on September 27, 2005. The President revealed that the city of Palembang be made water attractions such as Bangkok in Thailand and Phnom Penh in Cambodia. The city of Palembang in 2008 welcomed a tour with the name "Visit Musi 2008". Palembang will become one of the host cities of SEA GAMES XXVI 2011.

Geographical situation

Geographical Location

Geographically, Palembang is located at 2 ° 59'27 .99 "S 104 ° 45'24 .24" longitude. The total area of Palembang City is 102.47 km ² with an average height of 8 meters from the sea surface. Location of Palembang is strategic because it passed by the road linking the Trans Sumatra between regions in the island of Sumatra. In addition there are also in Palembang, Musi River, which traversed Ampera Bridge, which serves as a means of transport and trade across regions.

The city of Neiva in Colombia is the antipode of Palembang.

Climate and Topography

Palembang satellite imagery

Climate It is a tropical climate with relative humidity wind, wind speed ranges from 2.3 km / h - 4.5 km / hour. The temperature ranges of 23.4 to 31.7 degrees Celsius. Annual rainfall ranges from 2000 mm - 3000 mm. Humidity ranged from 75 to 89% with an average of 45% of the sun shines. Land is relatively flat topography and low. Only a small portion of the land area of the city lies in the high places, namely in the northern part of town. Most of the land is so marshy areas during the rainy season the area was inundated. The average altitude of between 0 to 20 mdpl.

In 2002 the minimum temperature occurs in the month of October 22.70 C, 24.50 C highest in May. Whereas the lowest maximum temperature of 30.40 C in January and highest in C. September 34.30 Land is not flooded plains: 49%, seasonally inundated land: 15%, continuously inundated land: 37% and the number of rivers that were still functioning 60 fruit (formerly of 108) the remaining functions as the primary drain.

Relative humid tropics, the temperature between 220-320 Celsius, precipitation 22–428 mm / year, tidal influence between 3–5 meters, and height of an average land 12 meters above sea level. Type of Palembang layered soil alluvial, clay and sand, lies in the youngest layer, many contain petroleum, which is also known as the valley of Palembang - Jambi. Land is relatively flat and low, which is located fairly high in the north of the city. Some flooded city of Palembang, even more so when there is continuous rain.

Border Area

Cityscape

Administration

Palembang divided into 16 districts and 107 sub-districts, they are:

Citizenry

Palembang bride in Aesan Gede wedding costume wearing gold jewelry and songket Palembang.

Palembangnese is a member of the Malay family, the people speak Malay as their language but with their own dialect and they called it Bahasa Palembang or Bahasa Musi. Other people that are not native to Palembang but still came from South Sumatra usually blended their language with Bahasa Palembang, such as Bahasa Komering, Lahat, Rawas, etc. There are also people that came from outside South Sumatra. Most of them are Javanese, Chinese, Arab, Indian, Minangkabau, and Sundanese.

The major religion in Palembang is Muslim. But many of the inhabitants also practice Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Konghucu.

Transportation

Palembang residents use a network of city mini-bus routes for the main form of public transport.

There are also traditional and speed boats that serve the people who live near the riverside. The traditional boat is called the Ketek.

The city is served by Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport which has scheduled flights to many cities in Indonesia and also to Singapore by Silk Air and Malaysia by Sriwijaya Air. The latter destination being only recently offered by the airport since it has been upgraded to an international airport. This airport also serves other cities around South Sumatra Province.

The Boom Baru Harbor is the main harbor of Palembang, it is located and also connected Palembang with Bangka-Belitung Islands Province.

Palembang also has three main harbors, Boom Baru Harbor (which is the main harbor of Palembang, located on the north shore of Musi River), 36 Ilir Harbor, and Tanjung Api-api Harbor. From here frequent ferries connect Palembang to Muntok Harbor in Bangka Island, Bangka-Belitung Islands Province and also to Batam Island.

Economy

Palembang's economy has been developed significantly since it became a host for a National Sporting Event in 2004. The city government has set a revenue target of IDR 3.5 billion from advertising alone.. Palembang was also one of hosts of the 2007 AFC Asian Cup.

Arts and Culture

Ornamental boat festival and competition in the River Musi bidar

The old history of Palembang and the entry of migrants from other regions, has made this city as a multi-cultural city. Had lost its function as a major port city's population was then adopted the culture of coastal Malays, and Javanese. Even now it can be seen in its culture. One of them is language. Words such as "mace (the door)", "pawpaw (banana)", is one example. Was knighted Javanese, such as Raden Mas / Ayu. The tombs of the Islamic heritage was not different in form and coraknya with Islamic tombs in Java.

Art is located in Palembang, among others:

Palembang is also always held a variety of festivals every year, among others "Sriwijaya Festival" every month of June in order to commemorate Hari Jadi Kota Palembang, Bidar and Boat Festival celebrates Independence Day Ornamental, and various festivals commemorating the Hijri New Year, Month of Ramadan, and New Year's Day .

Sport

Sriwijaya Stadium in Palembang

Sriwijaya Stadium was built in view of the XVI National Sports Week in 2004. The stadium is located in the area Jakabaring, in the southern part of Palembang. The shape of the stadium was inspired from the form screen terkembang boat and given a name based on the greatness of the kingdom of Srivijaya, based in Palembang in the past. In the 40 000 seat stadium was staged two matches in the AFC Asian Cup continued in 2007, the Group D qualifier between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain as well as grabbing a third place between South Korea and Japan.

In addition, the stadium is the home base for a football club in Palembang, Sriwijaya Sriwijaya FC Football Club, which is the pride of the community football club Kilkenny.

Sriwijaya F.C.

Sriwijaya Football Club, which are commonly referred to simply as Sriwijaya, is an Indonesian football club based in Palembang, Province of South Sumatra, Indonesia. They are now playing in Djarum Indonesian Super League.

Although being a football representative from the Province of South Sumatra, Sriwijaya was actually founded in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, as Persijatim in 1976. Because of some financial reasons, the club decided to move to Solo City and become Solo Football Club. The financial condition, however, did not improve until the Province of South Sumatra bought the ownership of the team and renamed the team Sriwijaya Football Club.

Education

University in Palembang:

Sriwijaya University [7] is currently ranked 15th Best University in the Indonesian version of Webometrics January 2010. Sriwijaya University ranking in the rating of World Class University Webometrics version continued to increase since the January 2009 edition (ranked 37th), edition of July 2009 (ranked 29th), and the edition of January 2010 (ranked 15th). For the Sumatran region, Sriwijaya University ranked first, followed by the University of Lampung (Unila), North Sumatra University (USU) and the University of Riau (UNRI).

First Journalism School in Indonesia, SJI was inaugurated by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono at the top of National Press Day (HPN) in Palembang, February 9, 2010. School of Journalism is the first international journalism school in Indonesia under the auspices of UNESCO This school is addressed to who wants to understand the world of Journalism, this is temporarily saaat Training Kepegawaiaan South Sumatra Province.

Media

All the national television media, television is now broadcasting in Palembang. TVRI, and other private sector is also based in Jakarta: RCTI, SCTV, TPI, ANTV, Indosiar, Metro TV, Trans TV, Trans 7, TVOne, Global TV Sky Tv.

Radio

Shopping centers

Market crowd 16 Ilir Palembang in the morning

Achievements

Some of the achievements of Palembang:

  1. Host of Indonesian National Sport Week in 2004
  2. Host of AFC Asian Cup 2007
  3. 1st place of the cleanest metropolitan city in Indonesia 2007 (Adipura Award)
  4. 1st place of the cleanest metropolitan city in Indonesia 2008 (Adipura Award)
  5. 1st place of the cleanest metropolitan city in Indonesia 2009 (Adipura Award)
  6. 1st place of the cleanest metropolitan city in Indonesia 2010 (Adipura Award)
  7. 1st place of the cleanest Park City in Indonesia 2007 For Kambang Iwak Family Park
  8. 1st place of Asean(Southern Asia) Environment Sustainable City 2008

Pictures Gallery

Another angle of Ampera Bridge, Palembang.

Palembang Great Mosque

Ampera Bridge, Palembang

Palembang, juni 1821

Sister cities

References

  1. ↑ http://www.indonesia-travel-guide.de/indonesiapalembang.html
  2. ↑ http://www.directflights.com.au/TravelInfo/Palembang/index.html

External links