Orange (colour)
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Arch in Arches National Park, Utah
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TNT post sign in the Netherlands
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A field of orange California poppies.
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Citi Field's left field foul pole used in the sport of baseball.
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The colour orange occurs between red and yellow in the visible spectrum at a wavelength of about 585–620 nm, and has a hue of 30° in HSV colour space. It is numerically halfway between red and yellow in a gamma-compressed RGB colour space, the expression of which is the RGB colour wheel. The complementary colour of orange is blue. Orange pigments are largely in the ochre or cadmium families, and absorb mostly blue light.
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Etymology
The colour is named after the orange fruit, after the appearance of the ripe fruit.[3] Before this word was introduced to the English-speaking world, the colour was referred to as geoluhread (yellow-red).
The first recorded use of orange as a colour name in English was in 1512,[4] in the court of King Henry VIII.
Variations
Orange (web colour)
Web colour orange, defined as FFA500, is the only named colour defined in CSS that is not also defined in HTML 4.01
Dark orange (web colour)
The web colour called dark orange is displayed at right.
Orange peel
Displayed at right is the actual colour of the outer skin of a usual orange. This colour is called orange peel. It is the same colour as the fruit for which it was named.
A discussion of the difference between the colour orange (the colour halfway between red and yellow, i.e. , colour wheel orange [Colour#FF7F00], shown at the top of this article) and the colour orange peel (the actual colour of the outer skin of an orange), may be found in Maerz and Paul.[5]
The first recorded use of orange peel as a colour name in English was in 1839.[6]
Burnt orange
Burnt orange has been in use as a colour name for this deep shade of orange since 1915.[7]
This colour is one variation that is used as a school colour of the University of Texas at Austin, Westwood High School (Austin, Texas), Clemson University, Virginia Tech, and Auburn University.
This variation of orange is one of the primary colours for the American Football team the Cleveland Browns.
Burnt orange was popular in interior design during the 1970s, and is often associated with this period.
Redheads usually have hair that is more accurately a burnt orange colour.
Brown
Brown is actually derived from the orange part (orange + grey) of the colour spectrum. It can be described as dark orange.
The first recorded use of brown as a colour name in English was in 1000.[8]
Symbolism
Academia
- In the United States and Canada, orange regalia is associated with the field of engineering.[9]
Geography and history
- Orange is the national colour of the Netherlands. The royal family, the House of Orange-Nassau, derives its name in part from its former holding, the principality of Orange. (The title Prince of Orange is still used for the Dutch heir apparent.) Despite the fact that the name of the colour and the name of the principality have separate etymologies, the colour has come to be associated with the royal family and the Netherlands. (See Orange (word) for more information.) In modern Dutch society the Dutch word oranje, 'orange' is often associated with the reigning royal house of the Netherlands. Oranjezonnetje ('Orange Sun') designates good weather on the Queen's birthday, April 30. Orange is the colour of choice for many of the national sports teams and their supporters. The nickname of the Dutch national football team is Oranje, the Dutch word for orange. Oranjegekte ('Orange Mania') signifies the inclination of many Dutchmen to dress up in orange colours during soccer matches. In the modern flag of the Netherlands, red substitutes the original orange, but on birthdays, the flag has an additional orange banner. Most geographical usages of the word orange can be traced back to Dutch maritime power in the 17th century. The flag of New York City, formerly the Dutch controlled New Amsterdam, uses orange as one of its colours and based on the flag of the United Netherlands used in 1625.
- In Ireland the use of orange dates from the reign of William of Orange, the Protestant English king (1689–1702), a Dutch stadholder and the great-grandson of William the Silent. It became associated with Irish Unionists, especially Ulster Presbyterians. For that reason, the colour "orange" is on the Irish flag.
- In the sport of baseball many foul poles are orange.
- Orange can also be associated with colleges. Among notable colleges with orange as a colour include:
- Orange is a team colour for several professional sports teams.
Baltimore Orioles Detroit Tigers New York Mets San Francisco Giants
Chicago Bears Cincinnati Bengals Cleveland Browns Denver Broncos Miami Dolphins
Philadelphia Flyers New York Islanders Anaheim Ducks San Jose Sharks
Politically
- Orange is the national colour of the Netherlands (See above at: Geography and history). Orange was seen on its original flag until the middle of the 17th century.
- Orange, white, and green are the national colours of the Republic of Ireland, Niger and Côte d'Ivoire.
- The Orange Institution is a pro-British Protestant association based in Northern Ireland.
- In the United States Army, orange is the colour of the United States Army Signal Corps.
- The US Department of Homeland Security's code orange on its terror threat scale represents a high risk, second highest to severe.
- Prisoners incarcerated in many American jails and prisons are made to wear orange jumpsuits so they will be easy to see if they try to escape.
- Deluxe International orange is the colour of the paint on San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge
- The US Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices specifies orange for use in temporary and construction signage.
- Orange was the rallying colour of the 2004 – 2005 Orange Revolution in Ukraine.
- Orange is sometimes associated with various Christian democratic and populist parties.
- Orange was used as a rallying colour by Israelis (such as Jewish settlers) who opposed Israel's unilateral disengagement plan in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in 2005.
- Orange is the party colour of:
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Religious and metaphysical
- Orange in general represents Hinduism. Hindu swamis traditionally wear orange robes. The significance of orange as the colour for Hindu swamis is commonly thought to be connected to the idea that orange symbolises fire. Renunciates' fiery ochre robes display outwardly the inner transformation that is happening - the burning of ego, their former selves, and their personal wants. Also, the saffron stripe in the Indian flag signifies courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation. Hindu and Sikh flags atop mandirs and gurdwaras, respectively, are typically a saffron coloured pennant[10]. Orange is also used to denote hinduism in the flag of Sri Lanka.
- Orange is used to symbolically represent the second (Swadhisthana) chakra.[11]
Social
- In English heraldry, orange is considered synonymous with the tincture tenne. However, its use as a heraldic tincture is relatively rare, as it is considered a "stain" (a deprecated tincture) by some. In continental heraldry, tenne is more often deemed to denote a burnt orange colour.
- The colours orange and black represent the secular holiday Halloween (31 October) because orange is the colour of pumpkins and black is the colour of night and is associated with doom, despair and darkness.
- The colours orange and brown represent the United States holiday Thanksgiving.
- Orange is the contrasting colour of blue and is highly visible against a clear sky. Therefore, shades of orange such as safety orange are often used in high visibility clothing and other safety equipment and objects.
- Due to its brightness, orange is used in the construction industry on road signs and safety jackets to warn passers-by of the pending dangers ahead.
- Orange is used to promote awareness of self-injury.
See also
- Amber
- List of colours
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords". W3.org. http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
- ↑ "Visual Guidelines - Graphics - Colors". University of Texas at Austin. 2007-06-06. http://www.utexas.edu/visualguidelines/vg_colors.html. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
- ↑ Paterson, Ian (2003), A Dictionary of Colour: A Lexicon of the Language of Colour (1st paperback ed.), London: Thorogood (published 2004), p. 280, ISBN 1854183753, OCLC 60411025
- ↑ Maerz, Aloys John; Morris Rea Paul (1930), A Dictionary of Color, New York: McGraw-Hill, p. 200
- ↑ Maerz and Paul, Page 170
- ↑ Maerz and Paul, Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample L10.
- ↑ Maerz and Paul, Page 191; Color sample of Burnt Orange: Page 29 Plate 3 Color Sample E12
- ↑ Maerz and Paul, Page 191
- ↑ Sullivan, Eugene (1997). "An Academic Costume Code and An Academic Ceremony Guide". American Council on Education. http://www.acenet.edu/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Search&template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=10625. Retrieved 26-06-2010.
- ↑ "Hinduism". Fotw.net. http://www.fotw.net/flags/hindu.html#saffron. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
- ↑ Stevens, Samantha (2004). The Seven Rays: a Universal Guide to the Archangels. Insomniac Press. p. 24. ISBN 1-894663-49-7.
External links
| Web colours | |||||||||||||||
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| black | gray | silver | white | maroon | red | purple | fuchsia | green | lime | olive | yellow | navy | blue | teal | aqua |
| Shades of orange | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amber | Apricot | Atomic tangerine | Bittersweet | Brown | Burnt orange | Carrot orange | Champagne | Coral | Dark salmon |
| Deep carrot orange | ECE/SAE Amber | Flame | Gamboge | Gold | Gold (metallic) | International orange | Mahogany | Orange | Orange (web) |
| Orange-red | Orange peel | Papaya whip | Peach | Peach-orange | Peach-yellow | Persian orange | Persimmon | Pink-orange | Portland Orange |
| Princeton orange | Pumpkin | Rust | Safety orange | Salmon | Sunset | Tangelo | Tangerine | Tea rose | Tenné |
| Tomato | Vermilion | ||||||||
| The samples shown above are only indicative. | |||||||||
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