Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate | |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 53-59-8  |
| PubChem | 5884 |
| MeSH | NADP |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C21H29N7O17P3 |
| Molar mass | 744.413 |
| (what is this?) (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+, in older notation triphosphopyridine nucleotide, TPN) is used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent.
NADPH is the reduced form of NADP+. NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety.
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In plants
In chloroplasts, NADP+ is reduced by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in the last step of the electron chain of the light reactions of photosynthesis. The NADPH produced is then used as reducing power for the biosynthetic reactions in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. It produces 2 ATP during photosynthesis.
In animals
The oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is the major source of NADPH in cells, producing approximately 60% of the NADPH required.
NADPH provides the reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions and for oxidation-reduction involved in protection against the toxicity of ROS (reactive oxygen species) i.e. the regeneration of reduced glutathione, known as GSH. NADPH is also used for anabolic pathways, such as lipid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid chain elongation.
The NADPH system is also responsible for generating free radicals in immune cells. These radicals are used to destroy pathogens in a process termed the respiratory burst.[1]
It is the source of reducing equivalents for cytochrome P450 hydroxylation of aromatic compounds, steroids, alcohols, and drugs.
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See also
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