N.W.A
| Niggaz Wit Attitudes | |
|---|---|
 N.W.A in 1988, from left to right: Ice Cube, Dr. Dre, Eazy-E, DJ Yella, and MC Ren |
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| Background information | |
| Origin | Compton, California, United States |
| Genres | West Coast hip hop, Gangsta Rap |
| Years active | 1986–1991 (Partial reunion: 1999) |
| Labels | Ruthless, Priority |
| Associated acts | The D.O.C., Fila Fresh Crew |
| Website | www.nwalegacy.com |
| Past members | |
| Eazy-E-(Deceased) Dr. Dre Ice Cube MC Ren DJ Yella Arabian Prince |
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N.W.A (shortened for Niggaz Wit Attitudes[1][2]; also known as Niggaz With Attitude[3]) was an American hip hop group from Compton, widely considered one of the seminal acts of the gangsta rap sub-genre.[4]
Active from 1986 to 1991, the group endured controversy due to the explicit nature of their lyrics. They were subsequently banned from many mainstream U.S. radio stations and even at times prevented from touring - yet the group has still sold over 9 million units in the U.S. alone. Their first album Straight Outta Compton marked the beginning of the new gangsta rap era as the production and the social commentary in their lyrics were revolutionary within the genre.[3] Rolling Stone ranked N.W.A 83rd on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time".[5] Although largely unknown at the group's inception, rappers Eazy-E, Dr. Dre, Ice Cube and MC Ren would all go on to be platinum-selling stars as solo artists.
Contents |
History
Formation and N.W.A and the Posse (1986-1987)
N.W.A was founded by Compton-based former drug dealer Eazy-E, who founded Ruthless Records with Jerry Heller.[3][6] Ruthless released the compilation N.W.A. and the Posse in 1987 with Macola Records. N.W.A was still in its developing stages, and only credited on four of the eleven tracks, which were taken off their previously released EP "8-Ball / Dopeman". Also included was Eazy's solo record "Boyz-n-the Hood".[7] In 1988, rapper MC Ren joined the group.[3]
Straight Outta Compton (1988-1989)
N.W.A released their first album Straight Outta Compton in 1988. With its famous opening salvo of three songs, the group reflected the rising anger of the urban youth. "Straight Outta Compton" introduced the group; "Fuck tha Police" protested police brutality and racial profiling, and "Gangsta Gangsta" painted the worldview of the inner-city youth. While the group was later credited the with pioneering the burgeoning sub genre of gangsta rap, N.W.A referred to their music as "reality rap".[8]
Dr. Dre and DJ Yella, as HighPowered Productions, composed the beats for each song, with Dre making occasional rapping appearances.[9] Ice Cube and MC Ren wrote most of the group's lyrics, including "Fuck tha Police", perhaps the group's most notorious song, which brought them into conflict with various law enforcement agencies. Under pressure from Focus on the Family,[10] Milt Ahlerich, an assistant director of the FBI, sent a letter to Ruthless and its distributing company Priority Records advising the rappers that "advocating violence and assault is wrong and we in the law enforcement community take exception to such action". This letter can still be seen at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio.[11] Policemen refused to provide security for the group's concerts, hurting their plans to tour. Nonetheless, the FBI's letter only served to draw more publicity to the group. Straight Outta Compton was also one of the first albums to adhere to the new Parental Advisory label scheme, then in its early stages: the label then only consisted of "WARNING: Moderate impact coarse language and/or themes". However, the taboo nature of N.W.A's music was the greatest part of its mass appeal. The media coverage compensated for N.W.A's virtual lack of airplay and their album eventually went double platinum.[12]
One month after Straight Outta Compton, Eazy-E's solo debut Eazy-Duz-It was released. The album was dominated by Eazy's persona but behind the scenes it was a group effort. Music was handled by Dr. Dre and DJ Yella, and the lyrics were largely written by Ren, with contributions from Ice Cube and The D.O.C. The album was another platinum success for Ruthless (in addition to girl group J.J. Fad in 1988 and singer Michel'le in 1989), also going double.[13] 1989 saw the re-issue of N.W.A. and the Posse (which was released on CD for the first time) and Straight Outta Compton on compact disc, and the release of The D.O.C.'s No One Can Do It Better. The album was essentially a collaboration between "The D.O.C. and The Doctor" and notably free of "gangsta rap content", but culminated in the N.W.A posse cut "The Grand Finalé". It would be another number one album for the record label.
Post-Ice Cube (1989-1991)
Ice Cube left in late 1989 over royalty disputes;[3] having written 50% of Straight Outta Compton himself, he felt he was not getting a fair share of the money and profits.[14] He wasted little time putting together his solo debut, 1990's AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted, but avoided mentioning his former label mates.
N.W.A's title track from their EP "100 Miles And Runnin'" did include a diss of Ice Cube, however: We started with five, but yo, one couldn't take it. So now it's four, cuz the fifth couldn't make it.
The video for the song depicted the remaining members of N.W.A. together in a jail cell, while an Ice Cube look-alike is released. Also heard on the EP (which found its way on the Efil4zaggin CD re-issue) was "Real Niggaz", a full-blown diss on Ice Cube where the remaining members accuse him of cowardice, and question his authenticity, longevity and originality:
How the fuck you think a rapper lasts/With your ass sayin' shit, that was said in the past/Yo, be original, your shit is sloppy/Get off the dick, you motherfucking carbon-copy." and "we started out with too much cargo/so I'm glad we got rid of Benedict Arnold, yo.
The song "100 Miles and Runnin'" is also notable for being Dr. Dre's final uptempo record, which had been a common feature of late-'80s hip hop. After this, he made a lower-tempo, synthesizer based sound known as G-funk, starting with "Alwayz Into Somethin'" from Efil4zaggin in 1991. G-funk dominated both the West and East Coast music scene after Dre left the group.
N.W.A is referenced on Ice Cube's 1990 EP, Kill at Will, where he name-checks his former group (likely in a mocking manner) on the song "Jackin' For Beats". On "I Gotta Say What Up!!!", Ice Cube gives shout-outs to his rap peers at the time, among them Public Enemy, the Geto Boys, Sir Jinx, et cetera. At the end of the track, in what appears to be an on-the-phone interview, Ice Cube is asked, "Since you went solo, whatever happened to your crew?" and the interviewer is abruptly hung up on.
The group's second full-length release, 1991's Efil4zaggin ("Niggaz4Life" spelled backwards), re-established the group in the face of Ice Cube's continued solo success. The album is considered by many Dr. Dre's finest production work, and heralded the beginning of the "G-Funk era". It also showed a clear animosity towards their former member, and derogatory references to Ice Cube are found in several songs. The interlude "A Message to B.A." echoes the beginning of his song "Turn Off the Radio" from AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted: in it, Ice Cube is first addressed by the name "Benedict Arnold" (after the infamous traitor of the American Revolution) but then named outright in a torrent of abuse from both the group and its fans: "When we see yo' ass, we gon' cut yo' hair off and fuck you with a broomstick. Think about it, punk muthafucka ", spoken by MC Ren.
The N.W.A-Ice Cube feud eventually escalated. AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted had avoided direct attacks on N.W.A, but on Death Certificate, Ice Cube’s second full-length, he fired back. He sampled and mocked the "Message to B.A." skit before embarking on a full-blown tirade, the infamous "No Vaseline". In a series of verses, Ice Cube addressed the group: " You lookin' like straight bozos, I saw it comin', that's why I went solo ... You got jealous when I got my own company, but I'm a man, and ain't nobody humpin' me." He also responded to "100 Miles and Runnin'", explaining "I started off with too much cargo, dropped four Niggaz now I'm makin' all the dough", and then MC Ren, Dr. Dre and especially Eazy-E individually, using homosexual metaphors to describe their unequal business relationship with Jerry Heller, who becomes the target of very harsh criticism: "Get rid of that devil real simple, put a bullet in his temple ... cuz you can't be the "Niggaz 4 Life" crew, with a white Jew tellin' you what to do." The song attracted controversy for its perceived anti-Semitism (the beginning of such allegations involving Ice Cube) for referencing Heller's religion;[15] the track was omitted from the U.K. release, and later pressings have had the words edited.
The increasingly violent content was reflected in real life —on January 27, 1991, Dr. Dre assaulted Dee Barnes, host of the hip hop show Pump It Up, after its coverage[16] of the N.W.A/Ice Cube beef.
According to Rolling Stone reporter Alan Light:[17]
| “ | He picked her up and "began slamming her face and the right side of her body repeatedly against a wall near the stairway" as his bodyguard held off the crowd. After Dre tried to throw her down the stairs and failed, he began kicking her in the ribs and hands. She escaped and ran into the women's rest room. Dre followed her and "grabbed her from behind by the hair and proceeded to punch her in the back of the head. | ” |
Despite a lawsuit, the group was unrepentant. MC Ren later stated, "bitch deserved it"—Eazy-E, "yeah, bitch had it coming." As Dre described it: "People talk all this shit, but you know, somebody fuck with me, I'm gonna fuck with them. I just did it, you know. Ain't nothing you can do now by talking about it. Besides, it ain't no big thing—I just threw her through a door."[17]
In this time as well the demographic which were interested in the group also began to change. Although they still rapped about similar themes of the "gangster life" in Compton and South Central Los Angeles, without Ice Cube they were not as serious and hardly political at all, as they were on Straight Outta Compton.
The end of N.W.A (1991-1998)
1991's Niggaz4Life would be the group's final album. After Dr. Dre, The D.O.C. and Michel'le departed from Ruthless to join Death Row Records, and allegations over Eazy-E being coerced into signing away their contracts (while however retaining a portion of their publishing rights), a bitter rivalry ensued.[3] Dr. Dre began the exchange with Death Row's first release, 1992's "Fuck Wit Dre Day (And Everybody's Celebratin')", and its accompanying video featured a character named Sleazy-E who ran around desperately trying to get money. The insults continued on The Chronic with "Bitches Ain't Shit". Eazy-E responded in 1993 with the EP It's On (Dr. Dre) 187um Killa and the tracks "Real Muthaphuckkin G's" and "It's On". Eazy-E accused Dr. Dre of homosexual tendencies, calling him a "she thang", and the music video for "Real Muthaphuckkin G's" shows promo pictures of him wearing make-up and a sequined jumpsuit. The photos were from Dr. Dre's World Class Wreckin' Cru days, when such fashions were the style of West Coast Electro hop prior to N.W.A's popularizing of gangsta rap.
After Eazy-E's AIDS-related death on March 26, 1995, all ill feelings between the group members ceased. Dr. Dre and Ice Cube would later express their re-evaluated feelings to their old friend on 1999's "What's The Difference" and "Chin Check", 2000's "Hello", and 2006's "Growin' Up".
Reunions and legacy (1999-present)
Having both found themselves exploited by Ruthless Records, tensions eased between Ice Cube and Dr. Dre. Ice Cube made a cameo appearance in Dr. Dre's "Let Me Ride" video in 1993. The two recorded the hit song "Natural Born Killaz" for Snoop Doggy Dogg's 1994 short film and soundtrack Murder Was the Case. MC Ren appeared on Dre's 1999 album The Chronic 2001, and the three remaining N.W.A emcees would reunite for "Hello", from Ice Cube's 2000 album War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc), featuring the hook "I started this gangsta shit/And this the motherfucking thanks I get?". The West Coast and "gangsta" music scene had however fallen out of the spotlight since the death of Tupac Shakur in 1996, and it was only after Dr. Dre's successful patronage of Eminem and his ensuing comeback album 2001 would the genre and its artists regain the national spotlight. 2000's all-star Up In Smoke Tour would reunite much of the N.W.A and Death Row families, and during time spent on the road Dre, Ice Cube, MC Ren, and honorary member Snoop Dogg began recording in a mobile studio. A comeback album entitled Not These Niggaz Again was planned[18] (and would include DJ Yella, who had not been present on the tour). But due to busy and conflicting schedules, and the obstacles of coordinating three different record labels (Priority, No Limit and Interscope), obtaining the rights to the name "N.W.A", and endorsing the whole project to gain exclusive rights, the album never materialized.[19] Only two tracks from these sessions would be released - "Chin Check" (with Snoop Dogg as a member of N.W.A) from 1999's Next Friday soundtrack) and "Hello" from Ice Cube's 2000 album War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc) - both songs would appear on N.W.A's remastered and re-released Greatest Hits.
There would also be partial reunions on "Set It Off", from Snoop Dogg's Tha Last Meal (2000), which featured MC Ren and Ice Cube as well as former Death Row "Inmates", and The D.O.C.'s "The Shit", from his 2003 album Deuce, which featured MC Ren, Ice Cube, Snoop Dogg and Six-Two. Dr. Dre and DJ Yella were present in the studio for the latter song. In addition to the Greatest Hits originally released by Priority in 1996, Capitol and Ruthless Records released The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 1: 1988-1998 in 1999, an album that contained only three songs from the actual group but various solo tracks from the five members. The success of the album prompted a second volume, The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 2, three years later. It followed the same format of the first album, containing only three "N.W.A" tracks and many songs from them as solo artists. In 2007, a new greatest hits package was released, The Best of N.W.A: The Strength of Street Knowledge.
Future biopic
New Line Cinema reps announced to Entertainment Weekly's "Hollywood Insider Blog" that N.W.A's story is in development to become a theatrical release in 2012, titled Straight Outta Compton. According to IMDb, the script was researched and written by filmmaker S. Leigh Savidge and radio veteran Alan Wenkus, who worked closely with Eazy E's widow Tomica Wright. Tomica Wright, Ice Cube, and Dr. Dre will produce the film. On May 2, 2010 The Hollywood Reporter reported that Andrea Berloff would work further on the script and on May 31, 2010 Ice Cube announced that he plans stepping behind the camera to bring the group's West Coast legacy to the big screen. Casting calls begin in the summer of 2010. Other group members MC Ren and DJ Yella have not yet commented on whether or not they want to be involved in the production.
Discography
- Panic Zone/Dopeman/8-Ball (1987)
- N.W.A. and the Posse (1987 / reissued in 1989)
- Straight Outta Compton (1988)
- 100 Miles and Runnin' (1990)
- Niggaz4Life (1991)
- Greatest Hits (1996 / reissued in 2003)
- The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 1 (1999)
- The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 2 (2002)
- The Best of N.W.A: The Strength of Street Knowledge (2007)
- N.W.A and Their Family Tree (2008)
References
- ↑ Potter, Russell A. Spectacular Vernaculars: Hip-Hop and the Politics of Postmodernism. State University of New York Press, 1995. p50. ISBN 0791426262
- ↑ Ice Cube produces N.W.A biopic
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "N.W.A. Biography". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:0ifuxq95ld6e~T1. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ↑ Former N.W.A manager Otto Kaiserauer talks gangsta rap
- ↑ "100 Greatest Artists of All Time", Rolling Stone.
- ↑ HipHopPress.com (2006-12-14). "Ruthless Records Co-Founder Jerry Heller Credits Ahmet Ertegun For First Gold West Coast Rap Group". Press release. http://www.hiphoppress.com/2006/12/ruthless_record.html. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
- ↑ Henderson, Alex. "N.W.A. and the Posse" - Overview Allmusic. Last accessed August 17, 2007.
- ↑ Duff, S.L. N.W.A. YA BOY Biography. Yahoo! Music. Last accessed August 17, 2007.
- ↑ N.W.A. - Gangsta, Gangsta
- ↑ Nuzum, Eric (2001). Parental Advisory: Music Censorship in America. New York City: HarperCollins. pp. 111. ISBN 0688167721.
- ↑ Boucher, Geoff (2008-08-16). "Rapper Ice Cube talks about the 20th anniversary of N.W.A's "Straight Outta Compton"". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-compton16-2008aug16,0,4400312.story. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
- ↑ Huey, Steve. "Straight Outta Compton > Overview". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:knftxqtgldae. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ↑ Easy-E Biography at Easye.info
- ↑ Leigh, Danny. Chillin' With Cube. The Guardian: February 25, 2000.
- ↑ Nuzum, 113.
- ↑ Rose, Tricia. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Wesleyan University Press, 1994. p179. ISBN 0819562750
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Light, Alan. "Beating Up the Charts." Rolling Stone Aug 8. 1991. p66.
- ↑ O'Connor, Christopher.1999 Reunited N.W.A Get Serious About Recording Album, VH1.com, December 7, 1999.
- ↑ Moss, Corey. N.W.A. May Still Have Attitude but They Don't Have an Album, MTV.com, April 25, 2002.
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