Mouse
A mouse (plural: mice) is a small mammal belonging to the order of rodents. The best known mouse species is the common house mouse (Mus musculus). It is also a popular pet. In some places, certain kinds of field mice are also common. This rodent is eaten by large birds such as hawks and eagles. They are known to invade homes for food and occasionally shelter.
The American White-footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) and the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), as well as other common species of mouse-like rodents around the world, also sometimes live in houses. These, however, are in other genera.
Cats, wild dogs, foxes, birds of prey, snakes and even certain kinds of arthropods have been known to prey heavily upon mice. Nevertheless, because of its remarkable adaptability to almost any environment, the mouse is one of the most successful mammalian genera living on Earth today.
Mice can at times be harmful rodents, damaging and eating crops,[1] causing structural damages and spreading diseases through their parasites and feces.[2] In North America, breathing dust that has come in contact with mouse excrements has been linked to hantavirus, which may lead to Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS).
Primarily nocturnal animals, mice compensate for their poor eyesight with a keen sense of hearing, and rely especially on their sense of smell to locate food and avoid predators.[3]
Reproduction
Pups that are just a day old
Breeding onset is at about 50 days of age in both females and males, although females may have their first estrus at 25–40 days. Mice are polyestrous and breed year round; ovulation is spontaneous. The duration of the estrous cycle is 4–5 days and estrus itself lasts about 12 hours, occurring in the evening. Vaginal smears are useful in timed matings to determine the stage of the estrous cycle. Mating is usually nocturnal and may be confirmed by the presence of a copulatory plug in the vagina up to 24 hours post-copulation. The presence of sperm on a vaginal smear is also a reliable indicator of mating.[4]
Female mice housed together tend to go into anestrus and do not cycle. If exposed to a male mouse or the pheromones of a male mouse, most of the females will go into estrus in about 72 hours. This synchronization of the estrous cycle is known as the Whitten effect. The exposure of a recently bred mouse to the pheromones of a strange male mouse may prevent implantation (or pseudopregnancy), a phenomenon known as the Bruce effect.[4]
The average gestation period is 20 days. A fertile postpartum estrus occurs 14–24 hours following parturition, and simultaneous lactation and gestation prolongs gestation 3–10 days owing to delayed implantation. The average litter size is 10–12 during optimum production, but is highly strain dependent. As a general rule, inbred mice tend to have longer gestation periods and smaller litters than outbred and hybrid mice. The young are called pups and weigh 0.5–1.5 g (0.018–0.053 oz) at birth, are hairless, and have closed eyelids and ears. Cannibalism is uncommon, but females should not be disturbed during parturition and for at least 2 days postpartum. Pups are weaned at 3 weeks of age; weaning weight is 10–12 g (0.35–0.42 oz). If the postpartum estrus is not utilized, the female resumes cycling 2–5 days postweaning.[4]
Newborn male mice are distinguished from newborn females by noting the greater anogenital distance and larger genital papilla in the male. This is best accomplished by lifting the tails of littermates and comparing perineums.[4]
Laboratory mice
Knockout mice
Mice are common experimental animals in biology and psychology primarily because they are mammals, and also because they share a high degree of homology with humans. They are the most commonly used mammalian model organism, more common than rats. The mouse genome has been sequenced, and virtually all mouse genes have human homologs. They can also be manipulated in ways that would be considered unethical to do with humans (note Animal Rights). A knockout mouse is a genetically engineered mouse that has had one or more of its genes made inoperable through a gene knockout.
There are other reasons why mice are used in laboratory research. Mice are small, inexpensive, easily maintained, and can reproduce quickly. Several generations of mice can be observed in a relatively short period of time. Mice are generally very docile if raised from birth and given sufficient human contact. However, certain strains have been known to be quite temperamental. Mice and rats have the same organs in the same places, just different proportions.
Subgenera
Field mouse of the subgenus Mus.
All members of the Mus genus are referred to as mice. However, the term mouse can also be applied to species outside of this genus. Mouse often refers to any small muroid rodent, while rat refers to larger muroid rodents. Therefore these terms are not taxonomically specific. For simplicity, only the rodent subgenera belonging to the Mus genus are listed here.
Genus Mus - Typical mice
As pets
Pet mice
Many people buy mice as companion pets. They can be playful, loving and can grow used to being handled. Pet mice should not be left unsupervised outside as they have many natural predators, including (but not limited to) birds, cats and dogs. Male mice tend to have a stronger odor than the females. However, mice are careful groomers and as pets they never need bathing. Well looked after mice can make ideal pets. Some common mouse care products are:
- Cage – Usually a hamster or gerbil cage, but special mouse cages are now available.
- Food – Special pelleted and seed-based food is available. Mice can generally eat most rodent food (for rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, etc.)
- Bedding – Usually made of hardwood pulp, such as aspen, sometimes from shredded, uninked paper or recycled virgin wood pulp. Using corn husk bedding is avoided because it promotes Aspergillis fungus, and can grow mold once it gets wet, which is rough on their feet.
Nutrition
In nature, mice are herbivores, consuming any kind of fruit or grain from plants.[5] Due to this, mice adapt well to urban areas and are known for eating most all types of food scraps. In captivity, mice are commonly fed commercial pelleted mouse diet. These diets are nutritionally complete, but they still need a large variety of vegetables. Food intake is approximately 15 g (0.53 oz) per 100 g (3.5 oz) of body weight per day; water intake is approximately 15 ml (0.53 imp fl oz; 0.51 US fl oz) per 100 g of body weight per day.[4]
As food
"Pinkie" mice for sale as
reptile food
Mice are a staple in the diet of many small carnivores. Humans have eaten mice since prehistoric times and still eat them as a delicacy throughout eastern Zambia and northern Malawi,[6] although they are no longer routinely consumed by humans elsewhere. They are an excellent seasonal source of protein.
In various countries mice are used as food[7] for pets such as snakes, lizards, frogs, tarantulas and birds of prey, and many pet stores carry mice for this purpose. Some countries, such as Germany and the United Kingdom, have banned the practice of feeding live mice, citing ethical concerns regarding both predator and prey.[8]
Common terms used to refer to different ages/sizes of mice when sold for pet food are "pinkies", "fuzzies", "crawlers", "hoppers", and "adults".[9] Pinkies are newborn mice that have not yet grown fur; fuzzies have some fur but are not very mobile; hoppers have a full coat of hair and are fully mobile but are smaller than adult mice. Mice without fur are easier for the animal to consume, however mice with fur may be more convincing as animal feed. These terms are also used to refer to the various growth stages of rats (see Fancy rat).
See also
Notes
External links
Extant species of subfamily Murinae |
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Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Mammalia · Superorder: Euarchontoglires · Order: Rodentia · Family: Muridae |
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Aethomys, Apodemus, Arvicanthis, Chrotomys divisions |
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Aethomys
Division |
Aethomys
(Bush rats)
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Bocage's Rock Rat (A. bocagei) · Red Rock Rat (A. chrysophilus) · Grant's Rock Rat (A. (Micaelamys) granti) · Hinde's Rock Rat (A. hindei) · Tete Veld Aethomys (A. ineptus) · Kaiser's Rock Rat (A. kaiseri) · Namaqua Rock Rat (A. (Micaelamys) namaquensis) · Nyika Rock Rat (A. nyikae) · Silinda Rock Rat (A. silindensis) · Tinfields Rock Rat (A. stannarius) · Thomas's Rock Rat (A. thomasi)
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Apodemus
Division |
Apodemus
(Old world
field mice)
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Striped Field Mouse ( A. agrarius) · Alpine Field Mouse ( A. alpicola) · Small Japanese Field Mouse ( A. argenteus) · A. avicennicus · Chevrier's Field Mouse ( A. chevrieri) · South China Field Mouse ( A. draco) · Yellow-necked Mouse ( A. flavicollis) · Himalayan Field Mouse ( A. gurkha) · Caucasus Field Mouse ( A. hyrcanicus) · Sichuan Field Mouse ( A. latronum) · Pygmy Field Mouse ( A. microps) · Broad-toothed Field Mouse ( A. mystacinus) · Western Broad-toothed Field Mouse ( A. (mystacinus) epimelas) · Ward's Field Mouse ( A. pallipes) · Korean Field Mouse ( A. peninsulae) · Black Sea Field Mouse ( A. ponticus) · Kashmir Field Mouse ( A. rusiges) · Taiwan Field Mouse ( A. semotus) · Large Japanese Field Mouse ( A. speciosus) · Wood Mouse (A. sylvaticus) · Ural Field Mouse ( A. uralensis ) · Steppe Field Mouse ( A. witherbyi)
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Tokudaia
(Ryukyu spiny rats)
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Muennink's Spiny Rat (T. muenninki) · Ryukyu Spiny Rat (T. osimensis) · Tokunoshima Spiny Rat (T. tokunoshimensis)
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Arvicanthis
Division |
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Arvicanthis
(Unstriped
grass mice)
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Abyssinian Grass Rat (A. abyssinicus) · Sudanian Grass Rat (A. ansorgei) · Blick's Grass Rat (A. blicki) · Nairobi Grass Rat (A. nairobae) · Neumann's Grass Rat (A. neumanni) · African Grass Rat (A. niloticus) · Guinean Grass Rat (A. rufinus)
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Desmomys
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Harrington's Rat (D. harringtoni) · Yalden's Rat (D. yaldeni)
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Lemniscomys
(Striped
grass mice)
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Barbary Striped Grass Mouse (L. barbarus) · Bellier's Striped Grass Mouse (L. bellieri) · Griselda's Striped Grass Mouse (L. griselda) · Hoogstral's Striped Grass Mouse (L. hoogstraali) · Senegal One-striped Grass Mouse (L. linulus) · Buffoon Striped Grass Mouse (L. macculus) · Mittendorf's Striped Grass Mouse (L. mittendorfi) · Single-striped Grass Mouse (L. rosalia) · Rosevear's Striped Grass Mouse (L. roseveari) · Typical Striped Grass Mouse (L. striatus) · Heuglin's Striped Grass Mouse (L. zebra)
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Mylomys
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African Groove-toothed Rat (M. dybowskii) · M. rex
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Pelomys
(Groove-toothed
creek rats)
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Bell Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (P. campanae) · Creek Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (P. fallax) · Hopkins's Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (P. hopkinsi) · Issel's Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (P. isseli) · Least Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (P. minor)
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Rhabdomys
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R. dilectus · Four-Striped Grass Mouse (R. pumilio)
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Chrotomys
Division |
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Apomys
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Luzon Cordillera Forest Mouse (A. abrae) · Camiguin Forest Mouse (A. camiguinensis) · Luzon Montane Forest Mouse (A. datae) · Large Mindoro Forest Mouse (A. gracilirostris) · Mount Apo Forest Mouse (A. hylocoetes) · Mindanao Montane Forest Mouse (A. insignis) · Mindanao Lowland Forest Mouse (A. littoralis) · Small Luzon Forest Mouse (A. microdon) · Least Forest Mouse (A. musculus) · Long-nosed Luzon Forest Mouse (A. sacobianus)
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Archboldomys
(Mount Isarog
shrew rats)
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Mount Isarog Shrew Mouse (A. luzonensis) · Sierra Madre Shrew Mouse (A. musseri) · Cordillera Shrew-mouse (A. kalinga)
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Chrotomys
(Luzon
striped rats)
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Luzon Striped Rat (C. whiteheadi) · Mindoro Striped Rat (C. mindorensis) · Isarog Striped Shrew-Rat (C. gonzalesi) · Blazed Luzon Shrew Rat (C. silaceus) · Sibuyan Striped Shrew Rat (C. sibuyanensis)
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Rhynchomys
(Shrewlike rats)
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Banahao Shrew Rat (R. banahao) · Isarog Shrewlike Rat (R. isarogensis) · Mount Data Shrew Rat (R. soricoides) · Tapulao Shrew Rat (R. tapulao)
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Colomys, Crunomys, Dacnomys, Dasymys, Dasymys, Echiothrix, Golunda divisions |
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Colomys
Division |
Colomys
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African Wading Rat (C. goslingi)
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Nilopegamys
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Ethiopian Amphibious Rat (N. plumbeus)
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Zelotomys
(Stink mice)
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Hildegarde's Broad-Headed Mouse (Z. hildegardeae) · Woosnam's Broad-Headed Mouse (Z. woosnami)
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Crunomys
Division |
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Crunomys
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Celebes Shrew Rat (C. celebensis) · Northern Luzon Shrew Rat (C. fallax) · Mindanao Shrew Rat (C. melanius) · Katanglad Shrew Mouse (C. suncoides)
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Sommeromys
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Sommer’s Sulawesi Rat (S. macrorhinos)
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Dacnomys
Division |
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Anonymomys
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Mindoro Climbing Rat (A. mindorensis)
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Chiromyscus
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Fea's Tree Rat (C. chiropus)
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Dacnomys
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Millard's Rat (D. millardi)
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Leopoldamys
(Long-tailed
giant rats)
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Sundaic Mountain Long-tailed Giant Rat (L. ciliatus) · Edwards's Long-tailed Giant Rat (L. edwardsi) · Millet's Long-tailed Giant Rat (L. milleti) · Neill's Long-tailed Giant Rat (L. neilli) · Long-tailed Giant Rat (L. sabanus) · Mentawai Long-tailed Giant Rat (L. siporanus)
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Niviventer
(White-bellied rats)
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Anderson's White-bellied Rat (N. andersoni) · Brahma White-bellied Rat (N. brahma) · Cameron Highlands White-bellied Rat (N. cameroni) · Chinese White-bellied Rat (N. confucianus) · Coxing's White-bellied Rat (N. coninga) · Dark-tailed Tree Rat (N. cremoriventer) · Oldfield White-bellied Rat (N. culturatus) · Smoke-bellied Rat (N. eha) · Large White-bellied Rat (N. excelsior) · Montane Sumatran White-bellied Rat (N. fraternus) · Chestnut White-bellied Rat (N. fulvescens) · Limestone Rat (N. hinpoon) · Lang Bian White-bellied Rat (N. langbianis) · Narrow-tailed White-bellied Rat (N. lepturus) · Hainan White-bellied Rat (N. lotipes) · White-bellied Rat (N. niviventer) · Long-tailed Mountain Rat (N. rapit) · Tenasserim White-bellied Rat (N. tenaster)
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Saxatilomys
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Paulina’s Limestone Rat (S. paulinae)
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Srilankamys
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Ohiya Rat (S. ohiensis)
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Tonkinomys
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Daovantien’s Limestone Rat (T. daovantieni)
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Dasymys
Division |
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Dasymys
(Shaggy
swamp rats)
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Glover Allen's Shaggy Rat (D. alleni) · Crawford-Cabral's Shaggy Rat (D. cabrali) · Fox's Shaggy Rat (D. foxi) · African Marsh Rat (D. incomtus) · Montane Shaggy Rat (D. montanus) · Angolan Marsh Rat (D. nudipes) · Robert's Shaggy Rat (D. robertsii) · West African Shaggy Rat (D. rufulus) · Rwandan Shaggy Rat (D. rwandae) · D. shortridgei · Tanzanian Shaggy Rat (D. sua)
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Echiothrix
Division |
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Echiothrix
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Central Sulawesi Spiny Rat (E. centrosa) · Sulawesi Spiny Rat (E. leucura)
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Golunda
Division |
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Golunda
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Indian Bush Rat (G. ellioti)
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Hadromys, Hybomys, Hydromys, Lorentzimys, Malacomys, Maxomys divisions |
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Hadromys
Division |
Hadromys
(Manipur Bush Rat)
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Manipur Bush Rat (H. humei) · H. loujacobsi · Yunnan Bush Rat (H. yunnanensis)
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Hybomys
Division |
Dephomys
(Defua rats)
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Defua Rat (D. defua) · Ivory Coast Rat (D. eburneae)
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Hybomys
(Hump-nosed mice)
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Eisentraut's Striped Mouse (H. badius) · Father Basilio's Striped Mouse (H. basilii) · Moon Striped Mouse (H. lunaris) · Miller's Striped Mouse (H. planifrons) · Temminck's Striped Mouse (H. trivirgatus) · Peters's Striped Mouse (H. univittatus)
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Stochomys
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Target Rat (S. longicaudatus)
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Hydromys
Division |
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Baiyankamys
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Mountain Water Rat (B. habbema) · Shaw Mayer's Water Rat (B. shawmayeri)
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Crossomys
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Earless Water Rat (C. moncktoni)
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Hydromys
(Water rats)
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Rakali (H. chrysogaster) · Western Water Rat (H. hussoni) · New Britain Water Rat (H. neobrittanicus) · Ziegler's Water Rat (H. ziegleri)
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Microhydromys
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Southern Groove-toothed Shrew Mouse (M. argenteus) · Northern Groove-toothed Shrew Mouse (M. richardsoni)
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Parahydromys
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New Guinea Waterside Rat (P. asper)
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Paraleptomys
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Northern Water Rat (P. rufilatus) · Short-haired Water Rat (P. wilhelmina)
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Lorentzimys
Division |
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Lorentzimys
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New Guinean Jumping Mouse (L. nouhuysi)
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Malacomys
Division |
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Malacomys
(Big-eared swamp rats)
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Cansdale's Swamp Rat (M. cansdalei) · Edward's Swamp Rat (M. edwardsi) · Big-eared Swamp Rat (M. longipes)
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Maxomys
Division |
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Maxomys
(Rajah rats)
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Mountain Spiny Rat (M. alticola) · Small Spiny Rat (M. baeodon) · Bartels's Spiny Rat (M. bartelsii) · Dollman's Spiny Rat (M. dollmani) · Hellwald's Spiny Rat (M. hellwaldii) · Sumatran Spiny Rat (M. hylomyoides) · Malayan Mountain Spiny Rat (M. inas) · Fat-Nosed Spiny Rat (M. inflatus) · Mo's Spiny Rat (M. moi) · Musschenbroek's Spiny Rat (M. musschenbroekii) · Chestnut-Bellied Spiny Rat (M. ochraceiventer) · Pagai Spiny Rat (M. pagensis) · Palawan Spiny Rat (M. panglima) · Rajah Spiny Rat (M. rajah) · Red Spiny Rat (M. surifer) · Watts's Spiny Rat (M. wattsi) · Whitehead's Spiny Rat (M. whiteheadi)
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Melasmothrix, Micromys, Millardia, Mus divisions |
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Melasmothrix
Division |
Melasmothrix
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Sulawesian Shrew Rat (M. naso)
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Tateomys
(Greater Sulawesian
shrew rats)
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Long-tailed Shrew Rat (T. macrocercus) · Tate's Shrew Rat (T. rhinogradoides)
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Micromys
Division |
Chiropodomys
(Pencil-tailed
tree mice)
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Palawan Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (C. calamianensis) · Indomalayan Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (C. gliroides) · Koopman's Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (C. karlkoopmani) · Large Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (C. major) · Gray-bellied Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (C. muroides) · Small Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (C. pusillus)
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Haeromys
(Pygmy tree mice)
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Ranee Mouse (H. margarettae) · Minahassa Ranee Mouse (H. minahassae) · Lesser Ranee Mouse (H. pusillus)
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Hapalomys
(Marmoset rats)
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Delacour's Marmoset Rat (H. delacouri) · Marmoset Rat (H. longicaudatus)
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Micromys
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Harvest Mouse (M. minutus)
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Vandeleuria
(Long-tailed
climbing mice)
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Nilgiri Long-tailed Tree Mouse (V. nilagirica) · Nolthenius's Long-tailed Climbing Mouse (V. nolthenii) · Asiatic Long-tailed Climbing Mouse (V. oleracea)
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Vernaya
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Red Climbing Mouse (V. fulva)
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Millardia
Division |
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Cremnomys
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Cutch Rat (C. cutchicus) · Elvira Rat (C. elvira)
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Diomys
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Crump's Mouse (D. crumpi)
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Madromys
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Blanford's Rat (M. blanfordi)
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Millardia
(Asian
soft-furred rats)
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Sand-colored Soft-furred Rat (M. gleadowi) · Miss Ryley's Soft-furred Rat (M. kathleenae) · Kondana Soft-furred Rat (M. kondana) · Soft-furred Rat (M. meltada)
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Mus Division |
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Muriculus
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Ethiopian Striped Mouse (M. imberbis)
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Mus
(Typical mice)
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Subgenus Coelomys: Sumatran Shrewlike Mouse ( M. crociduroides) · Mayor's Mouse ( M. mayori) · Gairdner's Shrewmouse ( M. pahari) · Volcano Mouse ( M. vulcani)
M. lepidoides group: M. lepidoides
Subgenus Mus: Little Indian Field Mouse ( M. booduga) · Ryukyu Mouse ( M. caroli) · Fawn-colored Mouse ( M. cervicolor) · Cook's Mouse ( M. cookii) · Cypriot Mouse ( M. cypriacus) · Servant Mouse ( M. famulus) · Sheath-tailed Mouse ( M. fragilicauda) · Macedonian Mouse ( M. macedonicus) · House mouse (M. musculus) · Shiny Little House Mouse of Pegu ( M. nitidulus) · Steppe Mouse ( M. spicilegus) · Algerian Mouse ( M. spretus) · Earth-colored Mouse ( M. terricolor)
Subgenus Nannomys: Baoule's Mouse ( M. baoulei) · Toad Mouse ( M. bufo) · Callewaert's Mouse ( M. callewaerti) · Gounda Mouse ( M. goundae) · Hausa Mouse ( M. haussa) · Desert Pygmy Mouse ( M. indutus) · Mahomet Mouse ( M. mahomet) · Matthey's Mouse ( M. mattheyi) · African Pygmy Mouse ( M. minutoides) · Temminck's Mouse ( M. musculoides) · Neave's Mouse ( M. neavei) · Free State Pygmy Mouse ( M. orangiae) · Oubangui Mouse ( M. oubanguii) · Peters's Mouse ( M. setulosus) · Setzer's Pygmy Mouse ( M. setzeri) · Thomas's Pygmy Mouse ( M. sorella) · Delicate Mouse ( M. tenellus) · Gray-Bellied Pygmy Mouse ( M. triton)
Subgenus Pyromys: Ceylon Spiny Mouse ( M. fernandoni) · Phillips's Mouse ( M. phillipsi) · Flat-Haired Mouse ( M. platythrix) · Rock-loving Mouse ( M. saxicola) · Shortridge's Mouse ( M. shortridgei)
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Oenomys, Phloeomys, Pithecheir divisions |
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Oenomys
Division |
Grammomys
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Arid Thicket Rat (G. aridulus) · G. brevirostris · Bunting's Thicket Rat (G. buntingi) · Gray-Headed Thicket Rat (G. caniceps) · Mozambique Thicket Rat (G. cometes) · Woodland Thicket Rat (G. dolichurus) · Forest Thicket Rat (G. dryas) · Giant Thicket Rat (G. gigas) · Ruwenzori Thicket Rat (G. ibeanus) · Eastern Rainforest Thicket Rat (G. kuru) · Macmillan's Thicket Rat (G. macmillani) · Ethiopian Thicket Rat (G. minnae) · Shining Thicket Rat (G. poensis)
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Lamottemys
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Mount Oku Rat (L. okuensis)
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Oenomys
(Rufous-nosed rats)
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Common Rufous-nosed Rat (O. hypoxanthus) · Ghana Rufous-nosed Rat (O. ornatus)
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Thallomys
(Acacia rats)
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Loring's Rat (T. loringi) · Black-Tailed Tree Rat (T. nigricauda) · Acacia Rat (T. paedulcus) · Shortridge's Rat (T. shortridgei)
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Thamnomys
(Thicket rats)
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Kemp's Thicket Rat (T. kempi) · Hatt's Thicket Rat (T. major) · Charming Thicket Rat (T. venustus)
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Phloeomys
Division |
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Batomys
(Luzon and Mindanao
forest rats)
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Large-toothed Hairy-tailed Rat (B. dentatus) · Luzon Hairy-tailed Rat (B. granti) · Hamiguitan Hairy-tailed Rat (B. hamiguitan) · Dinagat Hairy-tailed Rat (B. russatus) · Mindanao Hairy-tailed Rat (B. salomonseni)
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Carpomys
(Luzon rats)
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Short-footed Luzon Tree Rat (C. melanurus) · White-bellied Luzon Tree Rat (C. phaeurus)
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Crateromys
(Cloudrunners)
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Dinagat Bushy-Tailed Cloud Rat (C. australis) · Giant Bushy-Tailed Cloud Rat (C. schadenbergi) · Panay Cloudrunner (C. heaneyi) · Ilin Island Cloudrunner (C. paulus)
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Phloeomys
(Slender-tailed
cloud rats)
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Southern Giant Slender-Tailed Cloud Rat (P. cumingi) · Northern Luzon Giant Cloud Rat (P. pallidus)
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Pithecheir
Division |
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Eropeplus
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Sulawesi Soft-furred Rat (E. canus)
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Lenomys
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Trefoil-toothed Giant Rat (L. meyeri)
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Lenothrix
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Gray Tree Rat (L. canus)
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Margaretamys
(Margareta's rats)
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Beccari's Margareta Rat (M. beccarii) · Elegant Margareta Rat (M. elegans) · Little Margareta Rat (M. parvus)
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Pithecheir
(Monkey-footed rats)
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Red Tree Rat (P. melanurus) · Malayan Tree Rat (P. parvus)
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Pithecheirops
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Little-eared Tree Rat (P. otion)
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Pogonomys, Pseudomys divisions |
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Pogonomys
Division |
Abeomelomys
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Highland Brush Mouse (A. sevia)
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Anisomys
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Squirrel-toothed Rat (A. imitator)
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Chiruromys
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Greater Tree Mouse (C. forbesi) · Lamia (C. lamia) · Lesser Tree Mouse (C. vates)
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Coccymys
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White-Toothed Brush Mouse (C. albidens) · C. kirrhos · Rümmler's Brush Mouse (C. ruemmleri) · C. shawmayeri
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Hyomys
(White-eared rats)
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Western White-eared Giant Rat (H. dammermani) · Eastern White-eared Giant Rat (H. goliath)
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Macruromys
(New Guinean rats)
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Lesser Small-toothed Rat (M. elegans) · Eastern Small-toothed Rat (M. major)
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Mallomys
(Giant tree rats)
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De Vis's Woolly Rat (M. aroaensis) · Alpine Woolly Rat (M. gunung) · Subalpine Woolly Rat (M. istapantap) · Rothschild's Woolly Rat (M. rothschildi) · Bosavi Woolly Rat (M. sp. nov.) · Arfak Woolly Rat (M. sp. nov.) · Foja Woolly Rat (M. sp. nov.)
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Mammelomys
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Large-scaled Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. lanosus) · Large Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. rattoides)
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Pogonomelomys
(Rummler's
mosaic tailed rats)
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Lowland Brush Mouse (P. bruijni) · Shaw Mayer's Brush Mouse (P. mayeri)
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Pogonomys
(Prehensile-tailed rats)
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Champion's Tree Mouse (P. championi) · D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago Tree Mouse (P. fergussoniensis) · Large Tree Mouse (P. loriae) · Chestnut Tree Mouse (P. macrourus) · Prehensile-tailed Rat (P. mollipilosus) · Gray-bellied Tree Mouse (P. sylvestris)
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Xenuromys
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Mimic Tree-Rat (X. barbatus)
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Pseudomys
Division |
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Conilurus
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Brush-Tailed Rabbit Rat (C. penicillatus)
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Leggadina
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Forrest's Mouse (L. forresti) · Lakeland Downs Mouse (L. lakedownensis)
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Leporillus
(Australian
stick-nest rats)
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Lesser Stick-nest Rat (L. apicalis) · Greater Stick-Nest Rat (L. conditor)
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Mastacomys
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Broad-toothed Mouse (M. fuscus)
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Mesembriomys
(Tree rats)
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Black-footed Tree-rat (M. gouldii) · Golden-Backed Tree Rat (M. macrurus)
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Notomys
(Australian
hopping mice)
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Spinifex Hopping Mouse (N. alexis) · Northern Hopping Mouse (N. aquilo) · Fawn Hopping Mouse (N. cervinus) · Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus) · Mitchell's Hopping Mouse (N. mitchellii)
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Pseudomys
(Australian native mice)
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Ash-grey Mouse (P. albocinereus) · Silky Mouse (P. apodemoides) · Plains Rat (P. australis) · Bolam's Mouse (P. bolami) · Kakadu Pebble-mound Mouse (P. calabyi) · Western Pebble-mound Mouse (P. chapmani) · Little Native Mouse (P. delicatulus) · Desert Mouse (P. desertor) · Shark Bay Mouse (P. fieldi) · Smoky Mouse (P. fumeus) · Eastern Chestnut Mouse (P. gracilicaudatus) · Sandy Inland Mouse (P. hermannsburgensis) · Long-tailed Mouse (P. higginsi) · Central Pebble-mound Mouse (P. johnsoni) · Western Chestnut Mouse (P. nanus) · New Holland Mouse (P. novaehollandiae) · Western Mouse (P. occidentalis) · Hastings River Mouse (P. oralis) · Country Mouse (P. patrius) · Pilliga Mouse (P. pilligaensis) · Heath Mouse (P. shortridgei)
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Zyzomys
(Thick-tailed rats)
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Common Rock Rat (Z. argurus) · Arnhem Land Rock Rat (Z. maini) · Carpentarian Rock Rat (Z. palatilis) · Central Rock Rat (Z. pedunculatus) · Kimberley Rock Rat (Z. woodwardi)
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Rattus division |
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Abditomys |
Luzon Broad-toothed Rat (A. latidens)
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Bandicota
(Bandicoot rats) |
Lesser Bandicoot Rat (B. bengalensis) · Greater Bandicoot Rat (B. indica) · Savile's Bandicoot Rat (B. savilei)
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Berylmys
(White-toothed rats) |
Small White-toothed Rat (B. berdmorei) · Bower's White-toothed Rat (B. bowersi) · Kenneth's White-toothed Rat (B. mackenziei) · Manipur White-toothed Rat (B. manipulus)
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Bullimus |
Bagobo Rat (B. bagobus) · Camiguin Forest Rat (B. gamay) · Lagre Luzon Forest Rat (B. luzonicus)
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Bunomys |
Andrew's Hill Rat (B. andrewsi) · Yellow-Haired Hill Rat (B. chrysocomus) · Heavenly Hill Rat (B. coelestis) · Fraternal Hill Rat (B. fratrorum) · Heinrich's Hill Rat (B. heinrichi) · Inland Hill Rat (B. penitus) · Long-Headed Hill Rat (B. prolatus)
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Diplothrix |
Ryukyu Long-tailed Giant Rat (D. legatus)
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Kadarsanomys |
Sody's Tree Rat (K. sodyi)
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Komodomys |
Komodo Rat (K. rintjanus)
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Limnomys |
Gray-bellied Mountain Rat (L. bryophilus) · Mindanao Mountain Rat (L. sibuanus)
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Nesokia |
Bunn's Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. bunnii) · Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica)
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Nesoromys |
Ceram Rat (N. ceramicus)
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Palawanomys |
Palawan Soft-Furred Mountain Rat (P. furvus)
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Papagomys |
Flores Giant Rat (P. armandvillei)
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Paruromys |
Sulawesi Giant Rat (P. dominator)
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Paulamys |
Flores Long-nosed Rat (P. naso)
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Rattus
(Typical rats) |
Annandale's Rat ( R. annandalei) · Enggano Rat ( R. enganus) · Philippine Forest Rat ( R. everetti) · Polynesian Rat ( R. exulans) · Hainald's Rat ( R. hainaldi) · Hoogerwerf's Rat ( R. hoogerwerfi) · Korinch's Rat ( R. korinchi) · Nillu Rat ( R. montanus) · Molaccan Prehensile-tailed Rat ( R. morotaiensis) · Kerala Rat ( R. ranjiniae) · New Ireland Rat ( R. sanila) · Andaman Rat ( R. stoicus) · Timor Rat ( R. timorensis)
R. norvegicus group: Himalayan Field Rat ( R. nitidus) · Brown Rat (R. norvegicus) · Turkestan Rat ( R. pyctoris)
R. rattus group: Sunburned Rat ( R. adustus) · Sikkim Rat ( R. andamanensis) · Rice-field Rat ( R. argentiventer) · Summit Rat ( R. baluensis) · Aceh Rat ( R. blangorum) · Nonsense Rat ( R. burrus) · Hoffmann's Rat ( R. hoffmanni) · Koopman's Rat ( R. koopmani) · Lesser Rice-field Rat ( R. losea) · Mentawai Rat ( R. lugens) · Mindoro Black Rat ( R. mindorensis) · Little Soft-furred Rat ( R. mollicomulus) · Osgood's Rat ( R. osgoodi) · Palm Rat ( R. palmarum) · Black Rat ( R. rattus) · Sahyadris Forest Rat ( R. satarae) · Simalur Rat ( R. simalurensis) · Tanezumi Rat ( R. tanezumi) · Tawi-Tawi Forest Rat ( R. tawitawiensis) · Malayan Field Rat ( R. tiomanicus)
R. xanthurus group: Bonthain Rat ( R. bontanus) · Opossum Rat ( R. marmosurus) · Peleng Rat ( R. pelurus) · R. salocco · Yellow-tailed Rat ( R. xanthurus)
R. leucopus group: Arfak Rat ( R. arfakiensis) · Western New Guinea Mountain Rat ( R. arrogans) · Sula Rat ( R. elaphinus) · Spiny Ceram Rat ( R. feliceus) · Giluwe Rat ( R. giluwensis) · Japen Rat ( R. jobiensis) · Cape York Rat ( R. leucopus) · Eastern Rat ( R. mordax) · Moss-forest Rat ( R. niobe) · New Guinean Rat ( R. novaeguineae) · Arianus's Rat ( R. omichlodes) · Pocock’s Highland Rat ( R. pococki) · Spiny Rat ( R. praetor) · Glacier Rat ( R. richardsoni) · Stein's Rat ( R. steini) · Van Deusen's Rat ( R. vandeuseni) · Slender Rat ( R. verecundus)
R. fuscipes group: Dusky Rat ( R. collettia) · Bush Rat ( R. fuscipes) · Australian Swamp Rat ( R. lutreolus) · Dusky Field Rat ( R. sordidus) · Pale Field Rat ( R. tunneyi) · Long-haired Rat ( R. villosissimus)
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Sundamys
(Giant Sunda rats) |
Mountain Giant Sunda Rat (S. infraluteus) · Bartels's Rat (S. maxi) · Müller's Giant Sunda Rat (S. muelleri)
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Taeromys |
Salokko Rat (T. arcuatus) · Lovely-Haired Rat (T. callitrichus) · Celebes Rat (T. celebensis) · Sulawesi Montane Rat (T. hamatus) · Small-eared Rat (T. microbullatus) · Sulawesi Forest Rat (T. punicans) · Tondano Rat (T. taerae)
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Tarsomys |
Long-footed Rat (T. apoensis) · Spiny Long-footed Rat (T. echinatus)
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Tryphomys |
Luzon Short-nosed Rat (T. adustus)
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Stenocephalomys, Uromys, Xeromys divisions |
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Stenocephalomys
Division |
Heimyscus
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African Smoky Mouse (H. fumosus)
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Hylomyscus
(African wood mice)
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H. aeta group: Beaded Wood Mouse (H. aeta) · H. grandis
H. alleni group: Allen's Wood Mouse (H. alleni) · Angolan Wood Mouse (H. carillus) · Stella Wood Mouse (H. stella) · Walter Verheyeni's Mouse (H. walterverheyeni)
H. anselli group: Ansell's Wood Mouse (H. anselli) · Arc Mountain Wood Mouse (H. arcimontensis)
H. baeri group: Baer's Wood Mouse (H. baeri)
H. denniae group: Montane Wood Mouse (H. denniae) · Small-footed Forest Mouse (H. endorobae) · H. vulcanorum
H. parvus group: Little Wood Mouse (H. parvus)
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Mastomys
(Multimammate rats)
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Awash Multimammate Mouse (M. awashensis) · Southern Multimammate Mouse (M. coucha) · Guinea Multimammate Mouse (M. erythroleucus) · Hubert's Multimammate Mouse (M. huberti) · Verheyen's Multimammate Mouse (M. kollmannspergeri) · Natal Multimammate Mouse (M. natalensis) · Dwarf Multimammate Mouse (M. pernanus) · Shortridge's Multimammate Mouse (M. shortridgei)
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Myomyscus
(Multimammate rats)
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Angolan Multimammate Mouse (M. angolensis) · Brockman's Rock Mouse (M. brockmani) · Verreaux's Mouse (M. verreauxii) · Yemeni Mouse (M. yemeni)
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Praomys
(African
soft-furred rats)
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P. coetzeei · Dalton's Mouse (P. daltoni) · De Graaff's Soft-furred Mouse (P. degraaffi) · Delectable Soft-furred Mouse (P. delectorum) · Deroo's Mouse (P. derooi) · Hartwig's Soft-furred Mouse (P. hartwigi) · Jackson's Soft-furred Mouse (P. jacksoni) · Lukolela Swamp Rat (P. lukolelae) · Least Soft-furred Mouse (P. minor) · Misonne's Soft-furred Mouse (P. misonnei) · Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse (P. morio) · Muton's Soft-furred Mouse (P. mutoni) · Gotel Mountain Soft-furred Mouse (P. obscurus) · Peter's Soft-furred Mouse (P. petteri) · Forest Soft-furred Mouse (P. rostratus) · Tullberg's Soft-furred Mouse (P. tullbergi) · Verschuren's Swamp Rat (P. verschureni)
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Stenocephalemys
(Ethiopian
narrow-headed rats)
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Ethiopian White-footed Mouse (S. albipes) · Ethiopian Narrow-headed Rat (S. albocaudata) · Gray-tailed Narrow-headed Rat (S. griseicauda) · Rupp's Mouse (S. ruppi)
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Uromys Division |
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Melomys
(Banana rats)
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Dusky Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. aerosus) · Rossel Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. arcium) · Bannister's Rat (M. bannisteri) · Bougainville Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. bougainville) · Grassland Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. burtoni) · Cape York Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. capensis) · Short-tailed Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. caurinus) · Fawn-footed Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. cervinipes) · Yamdena Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. cooperae) · Dollman's Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. dollmani) · Manusela Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. fraterculus) · Snow Mountains Grassland Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. frigicola) · Seram Long-tailed Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. fulgens) · Riama Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. howi) · White-bellied Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. leucogaster) · Papua Grassland Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. lutillus) · Manus Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. matambuai) · Obi Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. obiensis) · Pavel's Seram Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. paveli) · Bramble Cay Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. rubicola) · Black-tailed Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. rufescens) · Buka Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. spechti) · Long-tailed Talaud Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. talaudium)
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Paramelomys
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Gressit's Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. gressitti) · Long-nosed Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. levipes) · Lorentz's Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. lorentzii) · Thomas's Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. mollis) · Moncton's Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. moncktoni) · P. naso · Lowland Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. platyops) · Mountain Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. rubex) · P. steini
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Protochromys
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Red-bellied Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. fellowsi)
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Solomys
(Naked-tailed rats)
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Poncelet's Giant Rat (S. ponceleti) · Florida Naked-tailed Rat (S. salamonis) · Bougainville Naked-tailed Rat (S. salebrosus) · Isabel Naked-tailed Rat (S. sapientis) · Buka Island Naked-tailed Rat (S. spriggsarum)
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Uromys
(Giant naked-tailed rats)
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Giant Naked-tailed Rat (U. anak) · Biak Giant Rat (U. boeadii) · Giant White-tailed Rat (U. caudimaculatus) · Emma's Giant Rat (U. emmae) · Masked White-tailed Rat (U. hadrourus) · Bismarck Giant Rat (U. neobritanicus) · King Rat (U. rex) · Great Key Island Giant Rat (U. siebersi)
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Xeromys Division |
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Leptomys
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L. arfakensis · Long-footed Water Rat (L. elegans) · Ernst Mayr's Water Rat (L. ernstmayri) · L. paulus · Fly River Water Rat (L. signatus)
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Pseudohydromys
(New Guinea
false water rats)
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Bishop moss-mouse (P. berniceae) · Huon Smalltoothed Moss-mouse (P. carlae) · Laurie’s Moss-mouse (P. eleanorae) · One-toothed Shrew-mouse (P. ellermani) · Mottled-tailed Shrew Mouse (P. fuscus) · German' s One-toothed Moss Mouse (P. germani) · Eastern Shrew Mouse (P. murinus) · Musser's Shrew Mouse (P. musseri) · Western Shrew Mouse (P. occidentalis) · Woolley’s Moss-mouse (P. patriciae) · Southern Small-toothed Moss-mouse (P. pumehanae) · White-bellied Moss-mouse (P. sandrae)
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Xeromys
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False Water Rat (X. myoides)
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Otomys division |
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Myotomys
(African karoo rats) |
Sloggett's Vlei Rat (M. sloggetti) · Bush Vlei Rat (M. unisulcatus)
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Otomys
(Vlei rats) |
Angolan Vlei Rat (O. anchietae) · Angoni Vlei Rat (O. angoniensis) · Barbour's Vlei Rat (O. barbouri) · Burton's Vlei Rat (O. burtoni) · Cuanza Vlei Rat (O. cuanzensis) · Ruwenzori Vlei Rat (O. dartmouthi) · Dent's Vlei Rat (O. denti) · Dollman's Vlei Rat (O. dollmani) · Southern African Vlei Rat (O. irroratus) · Mount Elgon Vlei Rat (O. jacksoni) · Tanzanian Vlei Rat (O. lacustris) · Laminate Vlei Rat (O. laminatus) · Large Vlei Rat (O. maximus) · Western Vlei Rat (O. occidentalis) · Afroalpine Vlei Rat (O. orestes) · Saunder's Vlei Rat (O. saundersiae) · Tropical Vlei Rat (O. tropicalis) · Typical Vlei Rat (O. typus) · Uzungwe Vlei Rat (O. uzungwensis)
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Parotomys
(Whistling rats) |
Brants's Whistling Rat (P. brantsii) · Littledale's Whistling Rat (P. littledalei)
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Others |
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Mirzamys |
Mirza’s Western Moss Rat (M. louiseae) · Mirza’s Eastern Moss Rat (M. norahae)
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Musseromys |
Banahaw Tree Mouse (M. gulantang)
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