Mehmed VI
 Mehmed VI |
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| Sultan of the Ottoman Empire | |
| Caliph of Islam | |
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| Reign | 1918–1922 |
| Period | Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire |
| Full Name | Mehmed VI |
| Born | 14 January 1861 |
| Died | 16 May 1926 (aged 65) |
| Predecessor | Mehmed V |
| Successor | Sultanate Abolished Abdülmecid II |
| Wives | Emine Nazikedâ Marjim-Abaza Kadın Efendi Inshira Kadın Efendi Sadiye Mevedett Kadın Efendi Nevare Kadın Efendi Nimit Nevzad Kadın Efendi |
| Offspring | Princess Münire Sultan Princess Fatma Ulviye Sultan Princess Rukiye Sabiha Sultan Hanım Efendi Prince Şehzade Ertuğrul Mehmed Efendi |
| Royal House | House of Osman |
| Dynasty | Ottoman Dynasty |
Mehmed VI Wahid ed-din (Ottoman Turkish: محمد سادس Meḥmed-i sâdis, Turkish: Mehmed Vahideddin or Mehmet Vahdettin) (14 January/2 February 1861 – 15/16 May 1926) was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918 to 1922. The brother of Mehmed V, he succeeded to the throne as the eldest male member of the House of Osman after the 1916 suicide of Abdülaziz's son Yusuf Izzettin Efendi,[1] the heir to the throne. He was girded with the Sword of Osman on July 4, 1918, as the thirty-sixth padishah. His father was sultan Abdülmecid I and mother was Gülüstü, (1831 - May 1861), originally named Henriet, a Circassian.
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Birth
He was born in the Dolmabahçe Palace or the Beşiktaş Palace, Beşiktaş, both in Constantinople.[2][3] On his ninth birthday he was ceremoniously circumcised in the special Circumcision Room (Sünnet Odasi) of Topkapı Palace.
Only a few were members of the Turkish harems, even the mothers of the sultans and their children for generations came from most of Europe or the Caucasus.
Reign
The First World War was a disaster for the Ottoman Empire. British and allied forces had conquered Baghdad, Damascus, and Jerusalem during the war and most of the Empire was divided among the European allies. At the San Remo conference of April 1920, the French were granted a mandate over Syria and the British were granted one over Palestine and Mesopotamia. On 10 August 1920, Mehmed's representatives signed the Treaty of Sèvres, which recognized the mandates, removed Ottoman control over Anatolia and İzmir, severely reduced the extent of Turkey, and recognized Hejaz as an independent state.
Turkish nationalists were angered by the Sultan's acceptance of the settlement. A new government, the Turkish Grand National Assembly, under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) was formed on 23 April 1920, in Ankara (then known as Angora). The new government denounced the rule of Mehmed VI and a temporary constitution was drafted.
The Turkish Grand National Assembly abolished the Sultanate on 1 November 1922, and Mehmed left Constantinople, aboard the British warship Malaya on 17 November. He went into exile in Malta; Mehmed later lived on the Italian Riviera.
On 19 November 1922 Mehmed's first cousin and heir Abdülmecid Efendi was elected Caliph, becoming the new head of the dynasty as Abdülmecid II before the Caliphate was abolished in 1924. Mehmed died on 16 May 1926 in Sanremo, Italy, and was buried at the mosque of Sultan Selim I in Damascus.[4]
Marriages and issue
First marriage and issue
His first marriage was to Abkhaz HH Emine Nazikedâ Marjim-Abaza Kadın Efendi (Sukhumi, Abkhazia, 9 October 1866 - Maadi, Cairo, 1944 and buried there) in the Ortaköy Palace, Constantinople, on 8 June 1885. Their issue was:
- HIH Princess Münire Sultan (1888 - 1888).
- HIH Princess Fatma Ulviye Sultan (Ortaköy Palace, Ortaköy, Constantinople, 11 September 1892 - İzmir, 25 January 1967 and buried at Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Istanbul, first married to HE Damat Ismail Hakki Okday Beyefendi (Athens, 28 October 1881 - Istanbul, 11 October 1977) at the Kurucheshme Palace, Constantinople, on 10 August 1916, without issue; second marriage to HE Damat Ali Haidar Beyefendi (Göztepe, Constantinople, 20 September 1889 - Istanbul, 5 February 1962) at the Nişantaşı Palace, Nişantaşı, Pera (today Beyoğlu), on 1 November 1923, also without issue.
- HH HIH Princess Rukiye Sabiha Sultan Hanım Efendi (the Ortaköy Palace, Ortaköy, Constantinople, 19 March/1 April 1894 - Istanbul, 26 August 1971), married to her cousin HIH Prince Şehzade Ömer Faruk Efendi (the Ortaköy Palace, Constantinople, 27/29 February 1898 - 28 March 1969/1971), son of Abdülmecid II, at the Yıldız Palace, Constantinople, on 29 April 1920 as his first wife. Their issue was:
- HIH Princess Fatma Neslişah Osmanoğlu Sultan (Constantinople, Nişantaşı, Nişantaşı Palace, 4 February 1921 -), married in Heliopolis Palace, Cairo, on 26 September 1940 to her cousin HE Damat HH Prince/HRH Prince Muhammad Abdel Moneim Beyefendi (Alexandria, Montaza Palace, 20 February 1899 - Constantinople, 1/2 December 1979, buried in Cairo), Heir Apparent to the Throne of Egypt from 1899 to 1914, created HH in 1922, created HRH in 1952, Regent of Egypt from 1952 to 1953, and had issue.
Second marriage
His second marriage was to Georgian HH Inshira Kadın Efendi (Batumi, 10 July 1887 - Cairo, 10 June 1930) at the Çengelköy Palace, Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Constantinople, on 8 July 1905. They divorced in 1909, without issue.
Third marriage and issue
His third marriage was to HH Sadiye Mevedett Kadın Efendi (Adapazarı, 12 October 1893 - Çengelköy Palace, Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Constantinople, 1951 and buried there), at the Çengelköy Palace, Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Constantinople, on 25 April 1911, Their only issue was:
- HIH Prince Şehzade Ertuğrul Mehmed Efendi (Çengelköy Palace, Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Constantinople, 5 September 1912 - Cairo, 2 July 1944).Without issue.
Fourth marriage
His fourth marriage was to HH Nevare Kadın Efendi (Adapazarı, 4 May 1901 - ?) at the Dolmabahçe Palace, Constantinople, on 20 June 1918. They divorced in 1924, without issue.
Fifth marriage
His fifth marriage was to HH Nimit Nevzad Kadın Efendi (Constantinople, 2 March 1902 - bef. 1985/199?) at the Yıldız Palace, Constantinople, on 1 September 1921 and was without issue
See also
Notes
- ↑ Freely, John, Inside the Seraglio, published 1999, Chapter 16: The Year of Three Sultans
- ↑ The Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol.7, Edited by Hugh Chisholm, (1911), 3; Constantinople, the capital of the Turkish Empire...
- ↑ Britannica, Istanbul:When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930.
- ↑ Freely, John, Inside the Seraglio, published 1999, Chapter 19: The Gathering Place of the Jinns
Further reading
- Fromkin, David, 1989. A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East ISBN 0-8050-0857-8
External links
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Mehmed VI
Born: January 14, 1861 Died: May 16, 1926 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Mehmed V |
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 3 July 1918 – 1 November 1922 |
Monarchy abolished Ottoman Empire dissolved
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| Sunni Islam titles | ||
| Preceded by Mehmed V |
Caliph of Islam 3 July 1918 – 19 November 1922 |
Succeeded by Abdülmecid II |
| Titles in pretence | ||
| Preceded by Loss of actual title |
— TITULAR — Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 1 November 1922 – 19 November 1922 |
Abdülmecid II |
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