Mario

Mario
MarioSMBW.png
Mario, as he appears in New Super Mario Bros. Wii (2009)
Series Mario
First game Donkey Kong (1981)
Created by Shigeru Miyamoto
Designed by Shigeru Miyamoto (Donkey Kong)
Yōichi Kotabe (Super Mario Bros. series)
Shigefumi Hino (Super Mario World)
Voiced by (English) Peter Cullen (Saturday Supercade)
"Captain" Lou Albano (The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!)
Walker Boone (The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3, Super Mario World TV series)
Ronald B. Ruben (Mario Teaches Typing)
Marc Graue (Hotel Mario)
Charles Martinet (video games, 1995-present)
Voiced by (Japanese) Tōru Furuya (Original video animations and Satellaview games)
Takeshi Aono (Mario Paint commercial)
Kōsei Tomita (Japanese dub of the Super Mario Bros. film)
Charles Martinet (video games, 1995-present)
Live action actor(s) "Captain" Lou Albano (The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!)
Bob Hoskins (Super Mario Bros. film)
Gorō Inagaki (2003 "Hot Mario" commercial)
Takashi Okamura (2005-2006 "Hot Mario Bros." commercials)

Mario (マリオ Mario?) is a fictional character in his eponymous video game series, created by Japanese video game designer Shigeru Miyamoto. Serving as Nintendo's mascot and the main protagonist of the series, Mario has appeared in over 200 video games since his creation. Though originally only appearing in platform games, starting with Donkey Kong, Mario currently appears in varied video game genres such as racing, puzzle, role-playing, fighting, and sports.

Mario is depicted as a short, pudgy, Italian American plumber who lives in the Mushroom Kingdom. He repeatedly stops the turtle-like Bowser's numerous plans to kidnap Princess Peach and subjugate the Mushroom Kingdom. He also has other enemies and rivals, including Donkey Kong and Wario. Since 1995, Mario has been voiced by Charles Martinet.[1]

As Nintendo's mascot, Mario is arguably the most famous character in video game history,[2] and his image is commonly associated with video games. Mario games, as a whole, have sold more than 210 million units,[3] making the Mario series the best-selling video game series of all time. Outside platform games, he has appeared in video games of other genres, including the Mario Kart racing series, sports games, such as the Mario Tennis and Mario Golf series, and role-playing games such as Paper Mario and Super Mario RPG. He has also inspired television shows, film, comics, and a line of licensed merchandise.

Contents

Concept and creation

Mario was created by Shigeru Miyamoto in his attempts to produce a best-selling video game for Nintendo, after previous titles, such as Sheriff, had not achieved the same success as other titles such as Pac-Man. Originally, Miyamoto wanted to create a video game that used the characters Popeye, Bluto, and Olive Oyl.[4] At the time, however, Miyamoto was unable to acquire a license to use the characters (and would not until 1982), and ended up making Jumpman (later known as Mario), Donkey Kong, and Pauline.[4] In the early stages of the game, Mario was unable to jump, and the focus was to escape a maze. However, Miyamoto added in that ability, saying "If you had a barrel rolling towards you, what would you do?".[5][6]

Mario's name was originally "Mr. Video", and he was to be used in every video game Miyamoto developed.[7] This idea was inspired by manga artists such as Osamu Tezuka and Fujio Akatsuka, who feature several characters across multiple manga, as well as British director Alfred Hitchcock, who appears in most of his own films. During localization of the game for American audiences, Nintendo of America's warehouse landlord Mario Segale confronted its then-president Minoru Arakawa, demanding back rent. Following a heated argument in which the Nintendo employees eventually convinced Segale he would be paid, they opted to name the character in the game Mario after him.[8] Miyamoto commenting that if he had named him Mr. Video, he likely would have "disappeared off the face of the Earth".[6] Mario's profession was chosen to be carpenter in an effort to reflect that as a character he was an ordinary hard worker; the profession was also intended to make it easier for players to identify with the character.[9] After a colleague suggested that Mario more resembled a plumber, Miyamoto changed his profession accordingly and developed Mario Bros.,[4] featuring the character in the sewers of New York City.[10]

Due to the graphical limitations of arcade hardware at the time, Miyamoto clothed the character in bright red overalls and a blue shirt to contrast against each other and the background. A cap was added to let Miyamoto avoid drawing the character's hairstyle, as well as to circumvent issues involved with animating his hair as he jumped.[4] To make him appear human onscreen despite his small size Mario was given a large nose and a mustache to avoid drawing a mouth due to the difficulty of illustrating facial expressions at that size.[11] Miyamoto has stated that it was the addition of the mustache which led him and his team to decide on Mario being Italian stating their reaction as being like "Oh, he’s got a mustache. Well, let’s make him Italian."[12]

Miyamoto developed Mario with the idea of using him as a "go to" character that could be put in any title as needed, albeit in cameo appearances as at the time he was not expecting Mario to become popular.[7] To this end he originally called the character "Mr. Video", comparing his intent to have Mario appear in later games to the cameos done by Alfred Hitchcock within his films.[13] Over time, Mario's appearance has become more defined; both a red "M" in a white circle on the front of his hat and gold buttons on his overalls have been added. Miyamoto attributed this process to the different development teams and artists for each game as well as advances in technology as time has gone on.[9] Nintendo has never revealed Mario's full name, stating only that it was not "Mario Mario" despite the implication of the Mario Bros. series' title, its use in the film, and information given in the Prima official Guidebook to Mario and Luigi: Superstar Saga.[14]

Appearances

Mario in Super Mario Bros., one of the first games he starred in.

1981–1990

Mario debuted as "Jumpman" in the arcade game Donkey Kong in 1981.[4] He is shown as a carpenter that has a pet ape.[15] The carpenter mistreats the ape, so Donkey Kong escapes and kidnaps Jumpman's girlfriend, originally known as the Lady, but later named Pauline. The player must take the role of Jumpman and rescue the girl. He was first named "Mario" in the arcade game Donkey Kong Junior in 1982, the only game in which he has ever been portrayed as an antagonist. In the 1983 arcade game Mario Bros. Mario and his younger brother Luigi are portrayed as Italian-American plumbers,[16] who have to defeat creatures that have been coming from the sewers below New York. Their surname was "Mario", resulting in Mario's full name being first given here as "Mario Mario".[17]

In Super Mario Bros. for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), Mario saves Princess Toadstool (later known as Princess Peach) of the Mushroom Kingdom from King Koopa.[18] To save Princess Toadstool, Mario conquers the eight worlds of the Mushroom Kingdom by going to the castle in each to defeat a minion of King Koopa. To reach each castle, Mario battles through three "sub-worlds" by defeating or avoiding King Koopa's henchmen. If Mario successfully fights his way through the castle and defeats the minion, a Mushroom Retainer is freed.[19] Inside the eighth castle, Mario has a final fight with King Koopa and frees Princess Toadstool. Later, in Super Mario Bros. 2, the player could choose between Mario and his friends Luigi, Toad, or Princess Peach. Each character possesses unique abilities, with Mario being the most well-rounded. In Super Mario Bros. 3 Mario embarks on a quest to save the rulers of seven kingdoms from Bowser and his children, the Koopalings and travel across eight worlds to restore order to the Mushroom World and rescue Princess Peach.[20] Mario is introduced to new power-ups that augment his abilities.[21]

1989–1995

In Super Mario Land an alien named Tatanga appears, hypnotizes the inhabitants of an area called Sarasaland, and kidnaps their ruler, Princess Daisy. Mario then sets out to rescue her from Tatanga, traveling through the four geographical areas of Sarasaland and defeating Tatanga's minions along the way. He finally corners Tatanga in the skies of the Chai kingdom, bringing down his alien warship and rescuing Daisy.[22]

In Super Mario World, Mario and Luigi are taking Princess Peach for a vacation in Dinosaur World sometime after the events of Super Mario Bros. 3 when Peach is kidnapped by Bowser. Mario and Luigi are introduced to the Yoshis, dinosaurs that live in Dinosaur World, and they help rescue Peach by allowing Mario and Luigi to ride them.[23] In Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins, which takes place immediately after the original Super Mario Land, Mario's evil counterpart Wario has put an evil spell over Mario Land while Mario was away in Sarasaland, renaming the area Wario Land. The inhabitants are now brainwashed into thinking that Wario is their master and Mario is their enemy. Wario's motive behind this sudden attack was to take control over Mario's castle in order to have a palace of his own. To stop Wario, Mario finds the 6 Golden Coins throughout Mario Land and regains access to his castle. In Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, a stork carries Baby Mario and Baby Luigi across the sea, but the evil Magikoopa Kamek emerges and steals Baby Luigi, and Baby Mario falls onto an island in the middle of the sea called Yoshi's Island, home to Yoshis. He lands on a green Yoshi, and he and the rest of the Yoshis journey through the game's six worlds to rescue Baby Luigi and the stork back from Baby Bowser and Kamek.

1996–2002

Mario's 3D debut was in Super Mario 64.

Mario made his 3D debut in Super Mario 64.[24] Princess Peach sends Mario a letter inviting him to come to her castle for a cake she has baked for him;[25] however, when he arrives, Mario discovers that Bowser has invaded the castle and imprisoned the princess and her servants within it using the power of the castle's 120 Power Stars. Many of the castle's paintings are portals to other worlds, in which Bowser's minions keep watch over the stars. Mario searches the castle for these portals to enter the worlds and recover the stars. He gains access to more rooms as he recovers more stars,[26] and traverses three obstacle courses leading to a battle with Bowser. Defeating Bowser the first two times earns Mario a key for opening another level of the castle,[27] while the final battle releases Peach, who rewards Mario by baking the cake that she had promised him.[27][28]

In Super Mario Sunshine, Mario, Toadsworth, and Princess Peach are taking a vacation. A villain resembling Mario, known as "Shadow Mario", vandalizes the entire island with graffiti, and Mario gets blamed for the mess. Later on, Mario is ordered to clean up Isle Delfino, while saving Princess Peach from Shadow Mario. Mario cleans up the island with a device called FLUDD invented by Professor E. Gadd.[29] Afterward, Mario, Peach and the others then begin their well-deserved vacation.[30]

2006–present

Mario went to 2.5D in New Super Mario Bros. At the beginning of the game, Princess Peach and Mario are walking together when lightning suddenly strikes Peach’s castle nearby. As Mario runs to help, Bowser Jr. appears and kidnaps her.[31] Realizing what has happened, Mario quickly rushes back and gives chase. Mario ventures through eight worlds pursuing Bowser Jr. and trying to rescue the kidnapped princess. In the game’s final sequence, Mario rescues Princess Peach, who kisses him on the cheek.[32] In Super Mario Galaxy Mario is invited to the centennial[33] Star Festival when Bowser invades the Mushroom Kingdom and rips Peach's entire castle from its foundations and lifts it into outer space. Mario is catapulted across the cosmos and awakens on a small planet. On the planet he meets star-like creatures called Lumas and their companion, a mysterious woman called Rosalina, who tells Mario that the Power Stars have been stolen by Bowser. Mario sets off on an intergalactic adventure across the universe to reclaim the Power Stars and rescue Princess Peach.[34] In New Super Mario Bros. Wii, Mario, Luigi, Blue Toad and Yellow Toad are attending Princess Peach's birthday, when a big cake rolls in with the Koopalings and Bowser Jr. hiding inside. They trap Peach inside the cake and run off with her. Mario, Luigi, and two Toads chase after them.[35]

Other Mario games

Mario games of other genres include various Game & Watch games; Mario Pinball Land, a pinball game for the Game Boy Advance;[36] various educational games; and the Dr. Mario puzzle games, (with Dr. Mario itself first released in 1990[37]). In these games, Dr. Mario throws vitamins that the player must align to destroy the viruses that populate the playing field.[37] 1996's Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System is the first Mario role-playing game;[38] six games have followed, including three in the Paper Mario series (Paper Mario for the Nintendo 64, Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door for the Nintendo GameCube, and Super Paper Mario for the Wii) and three in the Mario & Luigi series (Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga for the Game Boy Advance and Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time and Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story for the Nintendo DS).

Several other sub-series of Mario video games have been released. The Mario Kart franchise began with Super Mario Kart for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, and is currently the most successful and longest-running kart-racing franchise.[39] Other Mario sports games include the Camelot-developed series Mario Golf and Mario Tennis, and, respectively, the baseball and soccer games Mario Superstar Baseball and Super Mario Strikers. In 1999, the Hudson-developed Mario Party series began on the Nintendo 64. The games revolve around a set of mini-games and are playable with up to four players. Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games (for Nintendo DS and Wii) is a collection of twenty-four events based on the Olympic Games. This was followed in 2009 by Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games on both systems, based on the 2010 Winter Olympics.

In other media

Apart from his platformer and spinoff-game appearances, Mario has made guest appearances in non-Mario games, such as Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!! where he is a referee.[40] Mario has even appeared as a playable character in NBA Street V3,[41] and SSX on Tour,[42] both from Electronic Arts. He also makes cameo appearances: in both The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past and The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, Mario appears on a portrait, and in Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes he appears as a small statue.

Mario has appeared in every game of the Super Smash Bros. series,[43] and has retained his balanced abilities even when fighting characters from other series.[44] He brought with him items, stages, and characters to compete in the tournament. Mario's alter-egos Dr. Mario and Metal Mario have appeared as well.

The Super Mario Bros. Super Show! television series and the live-action film, called Super Mario Bros., based on the video game series brought Mario into the TV and film entertainment realms. The show starred "Captain" Lou Albano as Mario, and the film starred Bob Hoskins as "Mario Mario", a plumber who is taken to an alternate universe (in which dinosaurs rule) where he must save the Earth from invasion.[45] Outside the original games, television shows, and film, he has spawned a line of licensed merchandise and appeared in popular culture. The Nintendo Comics System series, along with the Nintendo Adventure Books, were also created.

Characteristics

Mario was originally portrayed as a two-dimensional sprite, but in later games he is shown as a three-dimensional, polygonal model. He is depicted as a portly plumber[46] who lives in the fictional land of the Mushroom Kingdom[4] with Luigi, his younger, taller brother, who is also a plumber.[47] In the television series and film, Mario and Luigi are originally from Brooklyn, New York which was also their origin in the later television series and feature film.[46] Little is known of Mario's childhood, though the infant version of Mario, Baby Mario, first appeared in 1995 in Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island, and has often appeared in Nintendo sports games since that time. Baby Mario has a major role along with Baby Luigi in Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time and also appears in Yoshi's Island DS. He (along with the adult Mario) is voiced by Charles Martinet.[48]

Occupation and hobbies

Mario's occupation is plumbing, though in the original Donkey Kong games he is a carpenter.[49] Mario has also had several other occupations: in the Dr. Mario series of puzzle games, which debuted in 1990,[37] Mario is portrayed as a medical physician named "Dr. Mario";[50] in the Game Boy game Mario's Picross, Mario is an archaeologist; and in Mario vs. Donkey Kong 2: March of the Minis, Mario is the president of a profitable toy-making company.[51] Mario usually saves Princess Peach and the Mushroom Kingdom and purges antagonists, such as Bowser, from various areas. Mario has gained fame in the Mushroom Kingdom due to his heroic deeds, as shown in Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga, where the brothers are referred to as "superstars".[52]

Relationships

Since his first game, Mario has usually had the role of saving the damsel in distress.[46] Originally, he had to rescue his girlfriend Pauline in Donkey Kong from Donkey Kong.[53] Pauline was soon replaced by a new damsel in distress, Princess Peach, in Super Mario Bros.[4] Pauline returned in the Game Boy remake of Donkey Kong in 1994, and later in Mario vs. Donkey Kong 2: March of the Minis in 2006, although the character is now described as "Mario's friend".[54] Mario has rescued Princess Peach multiple times since Super Mario Bros.[46] In a role reversal, Peach rescues Mario in Super Princess Peach.[55] Mario rescued Princess Daisy of Sarasaraland in Super Mario Land,[56] but Luigi seems to be romantically involved with her. In Super Smash Bros. Melee, the text explaining Daisy's trophy states that "after her appearance in Mario Golf, gossips portrayed her as Luigi's answer to Mario's Peach",[57] and statues of both appeared (in adult and infant forms) in the Daisy Circuit in Mario Kart Wii, confirming their relationship.

Luigi is Mario's younger brother.[47] He is a companion in the Mario games[47] and the character whom the second player controls in two-player sessions of many of the video games,[58] though he also occasionally rescues Mario, as seen in Mario is Missing! and Luigi's Mansion.[59] Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins for the Game Boy saw the arrival of Wario, Mario's greedy counterpart, who is often Mario's antagonist or an antihero.[60] Yoshi is presumed to be a dinosaur, though his species is named Yoshi.[61] They vary in color, but the original Yoshi is green.[61] Yoshi serves as Mario's mount in games such as Super Mario World,[61] and is depicted as a more sentient creature in games like Super Mario Kart and Yoshi's Island.

Abilities

During the development of Donkey Kong, Mario was known as Jumpman.[4] Jumping—both to access places and as an offensive move—is a common gameplay element in Mario games, especially the Super Mario Bros. series. Mario's most commonly portrayed form of attack is jumping to stomp on the heads of enemies, first used in Mario Bros. This jump-stomp move may entirely crush smaller enemies on the stage, and usually deals damage to larger ones, sometimes also causing secondary effects.[4] This attack often enables Mario to knock the turtle-like Koopa Troopas into or out of their shells, which can be used as weapons.[4] Subsequent games have elaborated on Mario's jumping-related abilities. Super Mario World added the ability to spin-jump, which allows Mario to break blocks beneath him. Later, the Game Boy version of Donkey Kong allowed Mario to jump higher with consecutive jumps, and perform a back-flip. In Super Mario 64, Mario gains new jumping abilities, such as a sideways somersault, a ground pound, and the "Wall Kick", which propels him upwards by kicking off walls.

Mario seen wearing the Tanooki Suit. The suit originated as a result of the developers being unable to implement the character Yoshi into Super Mario Bros. 3, and is derived from the mythical creature Tanuki.

Power-ups

Mario uses items, which give him various powers. The first power-up Mario uses is the Hammer in Donkey Kong.[53] Super Mario Bros. introduced the basic three power-ups that have become staples for the series, especially the 2D games —- the Super Mushroom, which causes Mario to grow larger; the Fire Flower, which allows Mario to throw fireballs; and the Starman, which gives Mario temporary invincibility. These powers have appeared regularly throughout the series.[62] Throughout the series' history, there have been several kinds of Mushroom power-ups, including the 1-Up Mushroom, which gives Mario an extra life; the Poison Mushroom, which causes Mario to either shrink or die;[63] the Mega Mushroom, which causes Mario to grow very large; and the Mini Mushroom, which causes Mario to shrink.[64] A common power-up throughout the series is an item that gives Mario the ability of flight. The first of this type was introduced in Super Mario Bros. 3 and called the Super Leaf; it gives Mario a raccoon suit.[65] Also in this game is the Tanuki suit, which allows flight and the ability to turn into a statue.[66] Later, in Super Mario World, an item called the Cape Feather was introduced that gave Mario a cape.[67] In Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins, a carrot was available that gave Mario rabbit ears that allowed him to fly,[66] and in Super Mario 64, Mario could acquire an item called the Wing Cap, which temporarily gave him the ability of flight.[68] Super Mario Sunshine introduces a pump-water spraying device named "F.L.U.D.D.", which has the ability to spray water, hover and more.[69] Super Mario Galaxy also introduced new power-ups, including the Bee Mushroom, which naturally turned Mario into a bee and allowed him to fly temporarily; the Ghost Mushroom, which turned Mario into a ghost, allowing him to float and pass through walls; and the Spring Mushroom, which encased Mario in a spring, allowing him to jump higher.[70]


Reception and legacy

Mario in Kungsbacka, Sweden

As Nintendo's mascot, Mario is considered to be the most famous video game character in history, and has been called an icon of the gaming industry.[5][71][72] The Mario series of video games has sold more than 200 million copies (210 million as of 2009), making it the best-selling video game franchise of all time.[73] Mario was one of the first video game character inductees at the Walk of Game in 2005, alongside Link and Sonic the Hedgehog.[74] Mario was the first video game character to be honored with a wax figure in the legendary Hollywood Wax Museum in 2003. In the 1990s, a national survey found that Mario was more recognizable to American children than Mickey Mouse.[75]

Since his creation, Mario has established himself as a pop culture icon, having starred in numerous television shows, comic books, and in a feature film. He has appeared on lunch boxes, t-shirts, magazines, commercials (notably, in a Got Milk? commercial),[76] in candy form, on shampoo bottles, cereal, badges, and as a plush toy.[77] Nintendo of Japan produced a 60-minute anime feature starring Mario and his friends in 1986, although this film has never been released outside of Japan. The animated series The Super Mario Bros. Super Show! featured a live-action series of skits starring the late former WWF manager "Captain" Lou Albano as Mario and Danny Wells as Luigi. Mario appeared in a book series, the Nintendo Adventure Books. Mario has also inspired unlicensed paintings[78] and short films, which have themselves been viewed hundreds of thousands of times.

People and places have been named (or nicknamed) after Mario. Bergsala, the distributor of Nintendo's products in the Nordic and the Baltic countries, is located at Marios Gata 21 (Mario's Street 21) in Kungsbacka, Sweden, named after Mario.[79] Many sports stars, including NHL hockey player Mario Lemieux[80], NFL football player Mario Williams,[81] and Italian cycling star Mario Cipollini have been given the nickname "Super Mario".

Mario's legacy is recognized by Guinness World Records, who awarded the Nintendo mascot, and the series of platform games he has appeared in, seven world records in the Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008. These records include "Best Selling Video Game Series of All Time", "First Movie Based on an Existing Video Game", and "Most Prolific Video Game Character", with Mario appearing in 116 distinct titles (not including remakes or re-releases).

Creator Shigeru Miyamoto has stated that Mario is his favorite character out of all that he has created.[82] Nintendo Power listed Mario as their favourite hero, citing his defining characteristics as his mustache, red cap, plumbing prowess, and his mushrooms.[83] In a poll conducted in 2008 by Oricon, Mario was voted the most popular video game character in Japan, outranking characters such as Cloud Strife from Final Fantasy VII and Solid Snake from the Metal Gear Solid series.[84] Gaming site GameDaily listed the "unlikely hero" on its top 25 video game archetypes, using Mario as an example of this. It stated that in spite of the fact that he should have run out of energy through the first level, he kept going.[85] Mario ranked fourth on GameDaily's top ten Smash Bros. characters list.[86] Mario was also fourth on UGO's list of the "Top 100 Heroes of All Time", ahead of fellow video game characters Samus Aran (Metroid), Link (Legend of Zelda), Gordon Freeman (Half-Life), and Master Chief (Halo).[87] CNET listed him first on its list of the "Top 5 video game characters".[88] He was also voted 100th in IGN's Top 100 Villains for his appearance in Donkey Kong Junior.[89]

References

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External links

Characters in the Mario series
Protagonists
Mario • Luigi • Peach • Toad • Yoshi
Antagonists
Birdo • Bowser • Donkey Kong • Fawful • Koopalings • Waluigi • Wario
Enemies
Goomba • Lakitu