Luleå
| Luleå | |||
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  Luleå
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| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Sweden | ||
| Province | Norrbotten | ||
| County | Norrbotten County | ||
| Municipality | Luleå Municipality | ||
| Charter | 17th Century | ||
| Area[1] | |||
| - Total | 28.81 km2 (11.1 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2005-12-31)[1] | |||
| - Total | 45,467 | ||
| - Density | 1,578/km2 (4,087/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Website | www.lulea.se | ||
Luleå (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈlʉːlɛo]; Lule sami: Luleju, Finnish: Luulaja) is a city on the coast of northern Sweden with 45,467 inhabitants in 2005.[1] It is the seat of Luleå Municipality and the capital of Norrbotten County.
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Geography
The town of Luleå is situated on a peninsula where Lule Bay meets the Gulf of Bothnia; the bay stretches northwest and becomes the Lule River, allowing sea-based transportation across the county. The town's location on the peninsula of Svartöstaden required expansion, and therefor much of its ground area of 2110 square kilometres is human-made. Luleå also has urban areas built on the island of Hertsön which, thanks to Luleå's location, is Sweden's 7th most populated.
The harbour of Luleå — Sweden's fifth-largest transporting over 7 million tons of cargo each year — is of particular significance for iron ore from LKAB's mining in Kiruna and Gällivare/Malmberget. During the winter, sea traffic continues at a virtually unchanged rate with the assistance of icebreakers; Luleå is the home port of the Swedish icebreaker armada.
Archipelago
Luleå archipelago contains over 700 islands, and stretches so far that it reaches the county limit of Norrbotten/Västerbotten and the Finland border. Archaeological exhibitions have discovered several mazes which were probably used for fertility and agricultural rituals. Of the 300 mazes worldwide which share this distinct pattern, 100 are found on the islands of Luleå.
History
Luleå was already an important harbour in the 13-15th centuries.
The Royal charter was granted in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. The original town was situated where Gammelstad (Old Town) is situated today. The town had to be moved in 1649 to the current site, due to the land elevation that had made the bay too shallow for ships to enter.
The Gammelstad Church Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In 1887, a devastating fire destroyed most of the town, sparing only a few buildings. The Neo-Gothic Cathedral (originally the Oscar Fredrik church), dedicated in 1893, is at 67 meters (220 ft) the tallest building in town.
Economy
Luleå's commerce and industry is a mix of industry, research, education, trade, and services. The university's educational programmes have attracted new businesses as well as local offices for multinational corporations.
Major employers in the city are the SSAB steelworks and Luleå University of Technology. A Swedish Air Force wing, F 21 (or Norrbotten Air Force Wing), are stationed near Luleå at the neighbouring Luleå Airport. Other major employers include Ferruform (a subsidiary of Scania AB) and Gestamp HardTech (overtaken from SSAB 2005-01-01).
IT industry
The information technology industry in Luleå has about 2000 employees (2008).
Luleå is the home of several major innovations and technological milestones.[2]
- The First GSM Call (1989)
- The VDSL standard (2000-2007)
- Broadcast Radio – RDS, DAB, DARC (1992-1997)
- The Luleå algorithm for routing (1997)
- Living Labs – leading European service testbed with 6000 users (2001-)
- HDTV transport layer for telephony cabling (1996)
- Software GPS in mobile phones (2005-)
- OFDM – the basis for 4G (1990-2006)
- Marratech - pioneers in Internet-based E-meetings (1998-) - acquired by Google, releasing in November 2008 video-chat support in Gmail
- Arena project, IT in Sports – sensors, handheld wireless video (1999-2002)
- Estreet project - First large-scale mobile marketing experiment (2000)
Climate
Luleå has subarctic climate with short cool summers and long cold and snowy winters. Despite its extremely northern latitude, the climate is relatively mild compared to other places at similar latitude because of the Gulf Stream.[3]
| Climate data for Luleå | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Source: World Weather Information Service[4] | |||||||||||||
Media
Newspapers
- Norrbottens-Kuriren
- Norrländska Socialdemokraten
Culture
Luleå has a variety of cultural institutions, amongst them Norrbottensteatern, Norrbottens museum, and Norrbotten big band led by Tim Hagans. In January 2007 the Cultural house (Kulturens Hus) was opened. A library, concerts, and art exhibitions are all hosted here.
Sports
Luleå has many teams competing in a variety of sports including association football (Lira Luleå BK and IFK Luleå), ice hockey (Luleå HF, who play in the Elitserien) and basketball (Plannja Basket for men and Luleå Basket for women; Plannja has won Basketligan 7 times, which is a record). In Luleå there is also an American football team, the Luleå Eskimos. The Swedish Championship in Yukigassen is held in Luleå annually.
Shopping
The number of stores and malls has grown in recent years. Beyond the fact that the city is housing one of the world's first indoor malls, Shopping, there are also the malls Strand, Smedjan, Folksamhuset and the first "youth-galleria" of Sweden, Storgatan 61, located in the city center. There are two main shopping streets in the city centre: Storgatan and Kungsgatan.
A new shopping area in the industrial area of Storheden outside the city was recently built.
UNESCO World heritage
- Gammelstad Church Town
Notable people
- Breach, Swedish Hardcore-band
- Ingvar Wixell, Swedish baritone opera singer
- John W. Nordstrom, founder of department store chain Nordstrom
- Kyrpe, A legendary Swedish computergamer
- Leif Östling, CEO of Scania AB
- Machinae Supremacy, Swedish Metal band
- Marita Ulvskog, Politician
- Martin Ljung, Actor
- Maud Adams, Swedish actress
- Movits!, Swedish Hip-Hop band
- Per Ledin, Swedish ice hockey player
- Raised Fist, Swedish Hardcore-band
- The Bear Quartet, Swedish Rockband
- The Duskfall, Swedish Deathmetalband
See also
- Swedish iron ore during World War II
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km2 2000 och 2005" (in Swedish) (xls). Statistics Sweden. http://www.scb.se/statistik/MI/MI0810/2005A01B/T%c3%a4torternami0810tab1.xls. Retrieved 2009-05-09.
- ↑ World-class Innovations in ICT, Luleå university of Technology, 2007, http://www.cdt.ltu.se/main.php/LTU237%206-sid%20Folder%20ICT_lo.pdf?fileitem=2365519
- ↑ [1] gaisma.com
- ↑ "Weather Information for Luleå". World Weather Information Service. http://weather.msn.com/local.aspx?wealocations=wc:SWXX0019&q=Lule%C3%A5%2c+SWE. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
External links
- (Swedish) article Luleå from Nordisk Familjebok (1912)
- Luleå - Official site
- Luleå university of technology
- Current temperature in Luleå and archive of the last years
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Luleå is one of 133 places with the historical city status in Sweden. |
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