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HIH The Prince Mikasa
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The following is a traditional list of Emperors of Japan. Dates for the first 28 emperors, and especially the first 16, are based on the Japanese Calendar system. It is unlikely that the state of Japan was actually founded in 660 BC; see also Asuka period, Himiko. A list of other Japanese calling themselves or being called emperors (追尊天皇, 尊称天皇, 異説に天皇とされる者, 天皇に準ずる者, 自称天皇) can be seen in the Japanese wikipedia page 天皇の一覧(List of Japanese monarchs).
Contents |
# | Reign | Posthumous name | Personal name (imina) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Legendary Emperors | ||||
1 | 660 BC–585 BC | Emperor Jimmu | Kamuyamato Iwarebiko | Presumed Legendary; claimed descent from the sun goddess, Amaterasu[1] |
2 | 581 BC–549 BC | Emperor Suizei | Kamu Nunagawamimi no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary.[2] |
3 | 549 BC–511 BC | Emperor Annei | Shikitsuhiko Tamademi no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary.[3] |
4 | 510 BC–476 BC | Emperor Itoku | Oho Yamatohiko Sukitomo no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary.[3] |
5 | 475 BC–393 BC | Emperor Kōshō | Mimatsuhiko Kaesine no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary.[4] |
6 | 291 BC | 392 BC–Emperor Kōan | Oho Yamato Tarasihiko Kuniosi Hito no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary.[5] |
7 | 290 BC–215 BC | Emperor Kōrei | Oho Yamato Nekohiko Futoni no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary.[6] |
8 | 214 BC–158 BC | Emperor Kōgen | Oho Yamato Nekohiko Kuni Kuru no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary.[7] |
9 | 157 BC–98 BC | Emperor Kaika | Waka Yamato Nekohiko Oho Bibino no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary.[8] |
10 | 97 BC–30 BC | Emperor Sujin | Mimaki Irihiko Inie no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary.[9] |
11 | 29 BC–70 AD | Emperor Suinin | Ikume Irihiko Isachi no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary.[10] |
12 | 71–130 | Emperor Keikō | Oho Tarasihiko Osirowake no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary.[11] |
13 | 131–191 | Emperor Seimu | Waka Tarasihiko | Presumed Legendary.[12] |
14 | 192–200 | Emperor Chūai | Tarasi Nakatsuhiko no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary.[13] |
201–269 | Empress Jingū | Okinaga Tarashihime no Mikoto | Presumed Legendary; interregnum.[14] | |
Kofun Period | ||||
15 | 270–310 | Emperor Ōjin | Fondano Miko no Mikoto / Otomowake no Mikoto / Humudawake no Mikoto | Last proto-historical emperor, deified as Hachiman.[15] |
16 | 313–399 | Emperor Nintoku | Oho Sazaki no Mikoto | Inaccurate dates.[16] |
17 | 400–405 | Emperor Richū | Isaho Wake no Mikoto | Inaccurate dates.[17] |
18 | 406–410 | Emperor Hanzei | Tajihi Mizuha Wake no Mikoto | Inaccurate dates.[18] |
19 | 411–453 | Emperor Ingyō | Wo Asazuma Wakugo no Sukune | Inaccurate dates.[19] |
20 | 453–456 | Emperor Ankō | Anaho no Mikoto | Inaccurate dates.[20] |
21 | 456–479 | Emperor Yūryaku | Oho Hatsuse Wakatakeru no Mikoto | Inaccurate dates.[21] |
22 | 480–484 | Emperor Seinei | Siraka Takehiro Kuni Osi Waka Yamato Neko no Mikoto | Inaccurate dates.[22] |
23 | 485–487 | Emperor Kenzō | Ohoke no Mikoto | Inaccurate dates.[23] |
24 | 488–498 | Emperor Ninken | Ohosi(Ohosu) no Mikoto/ Simano Iratsuko | Inaccurate dates.[24] |
25 | 498–506 | Emperor Buretsu | Wohatsuse Wakasazaki | Inaccurate dates.[25] |
26 | 507–531 | Emperor Keitai | Ōto/Hikofuto (Hikofuto no Mikoto/Ōdo no Sumera Mikoto) | Possible founder of new dynasty.[26] |
27 | 531–535 | Emperor Ankan | Hirokuni Oshitake Kanahi no Mikoto | Inaccurate dates.[27] |
28 | 535–539 | Emperor Senka | Takeo Hirokuni Oshitate no Mikoto | Inaccurate dates.[28] |
Asuka period (592-710) | ||||
29 | 539–571 | Emperor Kimmei | Amekuni Oshiharuki Hironiwa no Sumera Mikoto | Traditional dates.[29] |
30 | 572–585 | Emperor Bidatsu | Osada no Nunakura no Futotamashiki no Mikoto | Traditional dates.[30] |
31 | 585–587 | Emperor Yōmei | Ooe/Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto | Traditional dates.[31] |
32 | 587–592 | Emperor Sushun | Hatsusebe no (Wakasasagi) Mikoto | Traditional dates.[32] |
33 | 592–628 | Empress Suiko | Nukatabe/Toyomike Kashikiyahime | First non-legendary female emperor (Prince Shotoku acted as her regent); traditional dates.[33] |
34 | 629–641 | Emperor Jomei | Tamura (Oki Nagatarashihi Hironuka no Sumera Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[34] |
35 | 642–645 | Empress Kōgyoku | Takara (Ame Toyotakaraikashi Hitarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto) | Traditional dates,[35] reigned twice |
36 | 645–654 | Emperor Kōtoku | Karu (Ame Yorozu Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[36] |
37 | 655–661 | Empress Saimei | Takara (Ame Toyotakaraikashi Hitarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto) | Second reign of Empress Kōgyoku (35), traditional dates.[37] |
38 | 661–672 | Emperor Tenji | Katsuragi/Nakano-ooe (Ame Mikoto Hirakasuwake no Mikoto/Amatsu Mikoto Sakiwake no Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[38] |
39 | 672 | Emperor Kōbun | Ōtomo | Posthumously named (1870),[39] usurped by Temmu |
40 | 672–686 | Emperor Temmu | Ōama/Ohoshiama/Ōsama (Ame no Nunahara Oki no Mahito no Sumera Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[40] |
41 | 686–697 | Empress Jitō | Unonosarara (Takama no Harahiro no Hime no Sumera Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[41] |
42 | 697–707 | Emperor Mommu | Karu (Ame no Mamune Toyoohoji no Sumera Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[42] |
43 | 707–715 | Empress Gemmei | Ahe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Mishiro Toyokuni Narihime no Sumera Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[43] |
Nara Period (710-794) | ||||
43 | 707–715 | Empress Gemmei | Ahe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Mishiro Toyokuni Narihime no Sumera Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[44] |
44 | 715–724 | Empress Genshō | Hidaka/Niinomi (Yamatoneko Takamizu Kiyotarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[45] |
45 | 724–749 | Emperor Shōmu | Obito (Ameshirushi Kunioshiharuki Toyosakurahiko no Sumera Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[46] |
46 | 749–758 | Empress Kōken | Abe (Yamatoneko no Sumera Mikoto) | Traditional dates,[47] reigned twice |
47 | 758–764 | Emperor Junnin | Ōi | Posthumously named (1870),[48] dethroned by Shōtoku |
48 | 764–770 | Empress Shōtoku | Abe (Yamatoneko no Sumera Mikoto) | Second reign of Empress Kōken (46), traditional dates.[49] |
49 | 770–781 | Emperor Kōnin | Shirakabe (Amemune Takatsugi no Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[50] |
50 | 781–806 | Emperor Kammu | Yamabe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Hitsugi Iyaderi no Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[51] |
Heian Period (794-1185) | ||||
50 | 781–806 | Emperor Kammu | Yamabe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Hitsugi Iyaderi no Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[52] |
51 | 806–809 | Emperor Heizei | Ate (Yamatoneko Ameoshikuni Takahiko no Mikoto) | Traditional dates.[53] |
52 | 809–823 | Emperor Saga | Kamino | Traditional dates.[54] |
53 | 823–833 | Emperor Junna | Ōtomo | Traditional dates.[55] |
54 | 833–850 | Emperor Ninmyō | Masara | Traditional dates.[56] |
55 | 850–858 | Emperor Montoku | Michiyasu | Traditional dates.[57] |
56 | 858–876 | Emperor Seiwa | Korehito | Traditional dates.[58] |
57 | 876–884 | Emperor Yōzei | Sadaakira | Traditional dates.[59] |
58 | 884–887 | Emperor Kōkō | Tokiyasu | Traditional dates.[60] |
59 | 887–897 | Emperor Uda | Sadami | Traditional dates.[61] |
60 | 897–930 | Emperor Daigo | Atsuhito | Traditional dates.[62] |
61 | 930–946 | Emperor Suzaku | Yutaakira | Traditional dates.[63] |
62 | 946–967 | Emperor Murakami | Nariakira | Traditional dates.[64] |
63 | 967–969 | Emperor Reizei | Norihira | Traditional dates.[65] |
64 | 969–984 | Emperor En'yū | Morihira | Traditional dates.[66] |
65 | 984–986 | Emperor Kazan | Morosada | Traditional dates.[67] |
66 | 986–1011 | Emperor Ichijō | Yasuhito/Kanehito | Traditional dates.[68] |
67 | 1011–1016 | Emperor Sanjō | Okisada/Iyasada | Traditional dates.[69] |
68 | 1016–1036 | Emperor Go-Ichijō | Atsuhira | Traditional dates.[70] |
69 | 1036–1045 | Emperor Go-Suzaku | Atsunaga/Atsuyoshi | Traditional dates.[71] |
70 | 1045–1068 | Emperor Go-Reizei | Chikahito | Traditional dates.[72] |
71 | 1068–1073 | Emperor Go-Sanjō | Takahito | Traditional dates.[73] |
72 | 1073–1086 | Emperor Shirakawa | Sadahito | Traditional dates.[74] |
73 | 1087–1107 | Emperor Horikawa | Taruhito | Traditional dates.[75] |
74 | 1107–1123 | Emperor Toba | Munehito | Traditional dates.[76] |
75 | 1123–1142 | Emperor Sutoku | Akihito | Traditional dates.[77] |
76 | 1142–1155 | Emperor Konoe | Narihito | Traditional dates.[78] |
77 | 1155–1158 | Emperor Go-Shirakawa | Masahito | Traditional dates.[79] |
78 | 1158–1165 | Emperor Nijō | Morihito | Traditional dates.[80] |
79 | 1165–1168 | Emperor Rokujō | Yorihito | Traditional dates.[81] |
80 | 1168–1180 | Emperor Takakura | Norihito | Traditional dates.[81] |
81 | 1180–1185 | Emperor Antoku | Tokihito | Traditional dates.[82] |
Kamakura Period (1185-1333) | ||||
82 | 1183–1198 | Emperor Go-Toba | Takahira | Traditional dates.[83] |
83 | 1198–1210 | Emperor Tsuchimikado | Tamehito | Traditional dates.[84] |
84 | 1210–1221 | Emperor Juntoku | Morihira/Morinari | Traditional dates.[85] |
85 | 1221 | Emperor Chūkyō | Kanehira/Kanenari | Pothumously named (1870).[86] unthroned |
86 | 1221–1232 | Emperor Go-Horikawa | Yutahito | Traditional dates.[87] |
87 | 1232–1242 | Emperor Shijō | Mitsuhito/Hidehito | Traditional dates.[88] |
88 | 1242–1246 | Emperor Go-Saga | Kunihito | Traditional dates.[89] |
89 | 1246–1260 | Emperor Go-Fukakusa | Hisahito | Traditional dates.[90] |
90 | 1260–1274 | Emperor Kameyama | Tsunehito | Traditional dates.[91] |
91 | 1274–1287 | Emperor Go-Uda | Yohito | Traditional dates.[92] |
92 | 1287–1298 | Emperor Fushimi | Hirohito | Traditional dates.[93] |
93 | 1298–1301 | Emperor Go-Fushimi | Tanehito | Traditional dates.[94] |
94 | 1301–1308 | Emperor Go-Nijō | Kuniharu | Traditional dates.[95] |
95 | 1308–1318 | Emperor Hanazono | Tomihito | Traditional dates.[96] |
96 | 1318–1339 | Emperor Go-Daigo | Takaharu | Traditional dates;[97] Southern Court |
Northern Court (1333-1392) | ||||
1331–1333 | Emperor Kōgon | Kazuhito | [98] | |
1336–1348 | Emperor Kōmyō | Yutahito | [99] | |
1348–1351 | Emperor Sukō | Okihito | [100] | |
1351–1352 | Interregnum | |||
1352–1371 | Emperor Go-Kōgon | Iyahito | [101] | |
1371–1382 | Emperor Go-En'yū | Ohito | [102] | |
1382–1392 | Emperor Go-Komatsu | Motohito | Reunified courts in 1392, see 100 below[103] | |
Muromachi Period (1333-1573) | ||||
96 | 1318–1339 | Emperor Go-Daigo | Takaharu | Traditional dates;[104] Southern Court |
97 | 1339–1368 | Emperor Go-Murakami | Norinaga/Noriyoshi | [105] Southern Court |
98 | 1368–1383 | Emperor Chōkei | Yutanari | [106] Southern Court |
99 | 1383–1392 | Emperor Go-Kameyama | Hironari | [107] Southern Court |
100 | 1392–1412 | Emperor Go-Komatsu | Motohito | Reunified courts, see also entry in Northern Court section.[108] |
101 | 1412–1428 | Emperor Shōkō | Mihito | Traditional dates.[109] |
102 | 1428–1464 | Emperor Go-Hanazono | Hikohito | Traditional dates.[110] |
103 | 1464–1500 | Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado | Fusahito | Traditional dates.[111] |
104 | 1500–1526 | Emperor Go-Kashiwabara | Katsuhito | Traditional dates.[112] |
105 | 1526–1557 | Emperor Go-Nara | Tomohito | Traditional dates.[113] |
106 | 1557–1586 | Emperor Ōgimachi | Michihito | Traditional dates.[114] |
Azuchi-Momoyama Period (1573-1603) | ||||
106 | 1557–1586 | Emperor Ōgimachi | Michihito | Traditional dates.[115] |
107 | 1586–1611 | Emperor Go-Yōzei | Kazuhito/Katahito | Traditional dates.[116] |
Edo Period (1603-1868) | ||||
107 | 1586–1611 | Emperor Go-Yōzei | Kazuhito/Katahito | Traditional dates.[117] |
108 | 1611–1629 | Emperor Go-Mizunoo (Go-Minoo) |
Kotohito | Traditional dates.[118] |
109 | 1629–1643 | Empress Meishō | Okiko | Traditional dates.[119] |
110 | 1643–1654 | Emperor Go-Kōmyō | Tsuguhito | Traditional dates.[120] |
111 | 1655–1663 | Emperor Go-Sai | Nagahito | Traditional dates.[121] |
112 | 1663–1687 | Emperor Reigen | Satohito | Traditional dates.[122] |
113 | 1687–1709 | Emperor Higashiyama | Asahito | Traditional dates.[123] |
114 | 1709–1735 | Emperor Nakamikado | Yasuhito | Traditional dates.[124] |
115 | 1735–1747 | Emperor Sakuramachi | Teruhito | Traditional dates.[125] |
116 | 1747–1762 | Emperor Momozono | Toohito | Traditional dates.[126] |
117 | 1762–1771 | Empress Go-Sakuramachi | Toshiko | Traditional dates.[127] |
118 | 1771–1779 | Emperor Go-Momozono | Hidehito | Traditional dates.[128] |
119 | 1780–1817 | Emperor Kōkaku | Tomohito | Traditional dates.[129] |
120 | 1817–1846 | Emperor Ninkō | Ayahito | Traditional dates.[130] |
121 | 1846–1867 | Emperor Kōmei | Osahito | |
122 | 1867–1912 | Emperor Meiji | Mutsuhito | First emperor of the Empire of Japan. |
Prewar Period (1868-1945) | ||||
122 | 1867–1912 | Emperor Meiji | Mutsuhito | First emperor of the Empire of Japan. |
123 | 1912–1926 | Emperor Taishō | Yoshihito | |
124 | 1926–1989 | Emperor Shōwa | Hirohito | Last emperor of the Empire of Japan. |
Postwar Period (1945-present) | ||||
124 | 1926–1989 | Emperor Shōwa | Hirohito | Last emperor of the Empire of Japan. |
125 | 1989–present | None | Akihito | Referred to as 'the Present Emperor' or Tenno Heika (i.e. His Majesty the Emperor) in Japanese and as Emperor Akihito in English. After his death, he will presumably be renamed Emperor Heisei. |
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