Joe DiMaggio

Joe DiMaggio
Center fielder
Born: November 25, 1914(1914-11-25)
Died: March 8, 1999(1999-03-08) (aged 84)
Batted: Right	Threw: Right
MLB debut
May 3, 1936 for the New York Yankees
Last MLB appearance
September 30, 1951 for the New York Yankees
Career statistics
Batting average	.325
Hits	2,214
Home runs	361
Runs batted in	1,537
Teams
New York Yankees (1936–1942, 1946–1951)
Career highlights and awards
13× All-Star selection (1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951) 9× World Series champion (1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951) 3× AL MVP (1939, 1941, 1947) MLB record 56 consecutive games with a hit New York Yankees #5 retired Major League Baseball All-Century Team
Member of the National
Baseball Hall of Fame
Induction	1955
Vote	88.84% (third ballot: first eligible in 1953)

Joseph Paul "Joe" DiMaggio (November 25, 1914 – March 8, 1999), was an Italian American baseball player for the New York Yankees. He was voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1955. He was the middle of three brothers who each became major league center fielders, the others being Vince and Dom.

DiMaggio was a 3-time MVP winner and 13-time All-Star (the only player to be selected for the All-Star Game in every season he played). In his thirteen year career, the Yankees won ten pennants and nine world championships. At the time of his retirement, he had the fifth-most career home runs (361) and sixth-highest slugging percentage (.579) in history. He is perhaps best known for his 56-game hitting streak (May 15–July 16, 1941), a record that still stands.^[1] A 1969 poll conducted to coincide with the centennial of professional baseball voted him the sport's greatest living player.^[2]

Early life

DiMaggio was born in Martinez, California, the eighth of nine children born to immigrants from Italy, Giuseppe (1872–1949) and Rosalia (Mercurio) DiMaggio (1878–1951). He was delivered by a midwife identified on his birth certificate as Mrs. J. Pico. He was named after his father; "Paolo" was in honor of Giuseppe's favorite saint, Saint Paul. The family moved to San Francisco, California when Joe was one year old.

Giuseppe was a fisherman, as were generations of DiMaggios before him. DiMaggio's brother, Tom, told biographer Maury Allen that Rosalia's father, also a fisherman, wrote to her that Giuseppe could earn a better living in California than in their native Isola delle Femmine. After being processed on Ellis Island, he worked his way across America, eventually settling near Rosalia's father in Pittsburg, California. After four years, he was able to earn enough money to send for her and their daughter, who was born after he had left for the United States.

It was Giuseppe's hope that his five sons would become fishermen.^[3] DiMaggio recalled that he would do anything to get out of cleaning his father's boat, as the smell of dead fish nauseated him. Giuseppe called him "lazy" and "good for nothing"

DiMaggio was playing semi-pro ball when older brother Vince DiMaggio, playing for the San Francisco Seals, talked his manager into letting DiMaggio fill in at shortstop; he made his professional debut on October 1, 1932. From May 27 – July 25, 1933, he got at least one hit in a PCL-record 61 consecutive games:^[4] "Baseball didn't really get into my blood until I knocked off that hitting streak. Getting a daily hit became more important to me than eating, drinking or sleeping."

In 1934, his career almost ended. Going to his sister's house for dinner, he tore the ligaments in his left knee while stepping out of a jitney. The Seals, at the time were hoping to sell DiMaggio's contract for $100,000. Scout Bill Essick of the New York Yankees, was convinced the Joe could overcome his knee injury and pestered the club to give DiMaggio another look. After DiMaggio passed a test on his knee, he was bought on November 21 for $25,000 and 5 players, with the Seals keeping him for the 1935 season. He batted .398 with 154 RBIs and 34 HRs, led the Seals to the 1935 PCL title, and was named the League's Most Valuable Player.

"The Yankee Clipper"

Joe DiMaggio's number 5 was retired by the New York Yankees in 1952.

DiMaggio made his major league debut on May 3, 1936, batting ahead of Lou Gehrig. The Yankees had not been to the World Series since 1932, but they won the next four Fall Classics. In total, DiMaggio led the Yankees to nine titles in 13 years.

Hank Greenberg told SPORT magazine in its September 1949 issue that DiMaggio covered so much ground in center field that the only way to get a hit against the Yankees was "to hit 'em where Joe wasn't." DiMaggio also stole home five times in his career.

Through May 2009 DiMaggio was tied for third all-time with Mark McGwire in home runs over his first two calendar years in the major leagues (77), behind Phillies Hall of Famer Chuck Klein (83) and Milwaukee Brewers' Ryan Braun (79).^[5]

DiMaggio was nicknamed the "Yankee Clipper" by Yankee's stadium announcer Arch McDonald in 1939 when he likened DiMaggio's speed and range in the outfield to the then new Pan American airliner ^[6]

On February 7, 1949, DiMaggio signed a record contract worth $100,000 ($70,000 plus bonuses), and became the first baseball player to break $100,000 in earnings. After a poor 1951 season, a scouting report by the Brooklyn Dodgers that was turned over to the New York Giants and leaked to the press, and various injuries, DiMaggio announced his retirement on December 11, 1951.^[7] When remarking on his retirement to the Sporting News on December 19, 1951, he said

"I feel like I have reached the stage where I can no longer produce for my club, my manager, and my teammates. I had a poor year, but even if I had hit .350, this would have been my last year. I was full of aches and pains and it had become a chore for me to play. When baseball is no longer fun, it's no longer a game, and so, I've played my last game."

DiMaggio's plaque at the Baseball Hall of Fame.

He became eligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953. DiMaggio told Baseball Digest in 1963 that the Brooklyn Dodgers had offered him their managerial job in 1953, but he turned it down. He was not elected to the Hall until 1955; the rules were revised in the interim, with DiMaggio and Ted Lyons excepted, extending the waiting period from one year to five.

He might have had better power-hitting statistics had his home park not been Yankee Stadium. As "The House That Ruth Built", its nearby right field favored the Babe's left-handed power. For right-handed hitters, its deep left and center fields were almost impossible to get a home run: Mickey Mantle recalled that he and Whitey Ford witnessed many blasts that DiMaggio hit that would have been home runs anywhere else, but, at the Stadium, were merely long outs (Ruth himself fell victim to that problem, as he also hit many long fly outs to center). Bill James calculated that DiMaggio lost more home runs due to his home park than any other player in history. Left-center field went as far back as 457 ft, compared to ballparks today where left-center rarely reaches 380 ft. A perfect illustration of this is the famous Al Gionfriddo's catch in the 1947 World Series, which was close to the 415 foot mark in left-center. Had it happened in the Yankees current ballpark, it would have been well into the seats for a home run. To illustrate, DiMaggio hit 148 home runs in 3,360 at-bats at home, and in contrast, he hit 213 home runs in 3,461 at-bats on the road. His slugging percentage at home was .546, and on the road, it was .610. Expert statistician, Bill Jenkinson, made a statement on these statistics:

For example, Joe DiMaggio was acutely handicapped by playing at Yankee Stadium. Every time he batted in his home field during his entire career, he did so knowing that it was physically impossible for him to hit a home run to the half of the field directly in front of him. If you look at a baseball field from foul line to foul line, it has a 90-degree radius. From the power alley in left center field (430 in Joe's time) to the fence in deep right center field (407 ft), it is 45-degrees. And Joe DiMaggio never hit a single home run over the fences at Yankee Stadium in that 45-degree graveyard. It was just too far. Joe was plenty strong; he routinely hit balls in the 425-foot range. But that just wasn't good enough in cavernous Yankee Stadium. Like Ruth, he benefited from a few easy homers each season due to the short foul line distances. But he lost many more than he gained by constantly hitting long fly outs toward center field. Whereas most sluggers perform better on their home fields, DiMaggio hit only 41 percent of his career home runs in the Bronx. He hit 148 homers at Yankee Stadium. If he had hit the same exact pattern of batted balls with a typical modern stadium as his home, he would have belted about 225 homers during his home field career.

In 1947, Boston Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey and Yankees GM Larry MacPhail verbally agreed to trade DiMaggio for Ted Williams, but MacPhail refused to include Yogi Berra.^[8]

Wartime

DiMaggio enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces on February 17, 1943, rising to the rank of sergeant. He was stationed at Santa Ana, California; Hawaii; and Atlantic City, New Jersey as a physical education instructor. He was discharged in September 1945.

Giuseppe and Rosalia DiMaggio were among the thousands of German, Japanese and Italian immigrants classified as "enemy aliens" by the government after Pearl Harbor was bombed by Japan. They had to carry photo ID booklets at all times, and were not allowed to travel outside a five mile radius from their home without a permit. Giuseppe was barred from the San Francisco Bay, where he had fished for decades, and his boat was seized. Rosalia became an American citizen in 1944; Giuseppe in 1945.

Married life

Dorothy Arnold

In January 1937, DiMaggio met actress Dorothy Arnold on the set of Manhattan Merry Go-Round, in which he had a minor role and she was an extra. They married at San Francisco's St. Peter and Paul Church on November 19, 1939, as 20,000 well-wishers jammed the streets. Their son, Joseph Paul DiMaggio III was born at Doctors Hospital on October 23, 1941.^[9]

Marilyn Monroe

Joe DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe staying at Imperial Hotel in Tokyo on their honeymoon.

According to her autobiography, Marilyn Monroe originally did not want to meet DiMaggio, fearing he was a stereotypical arrogant athlete. They eloped at San Francisco City Hall on January 14, 1954.

DiMaggio biographer Richard Ben Cramer asserts that their marriage was filled with "violence" . One typical forceful incident occurred immediately after the skirt-blowing scene in The Seven Year Itch which was filmed on September 14, 1954 in front of New York's Trans-Lux Theater. Then-20th Century Fox's East Coast correspondent Bill Kobrin told the Palm Springs Desert Sun that it was Billy Wilder's idea to turn the shoot into a media circus. The couple then had a "yelling battle" in the theater lobby.^[10] She filed for divorce on grounds of mental cruelty 274 days after the wedding.

On August 1, 1956 International News wire photo of DiMaggio with Lee Meriwether speculated that the couple was engaged, but Cramer wrote that it was a rumor started by Walter Winchell. Monroe biographer Donald Spoto wrote that DiMaggio was "very close to marrying" 1957 Miss America Marian McKnight, who won the crown with a Marilyn Monroe act, but McKnight denied it.^[11] He was also linked to Liz Renay, Cleo Moore, Rita Gam, Marlene Dietrich, and Gloria DeHaven during this period, and to Elizabeth Ray and Morgan Fairchild years later, but he never publicly confirmed any involvement with any woman.

DiMaggio re-entered Monroe's life as her marriage to Arthur Miller was ending. On February 10, 1961, he secured her release from Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic. She joined him in Florida where he was a batting coach for the Yankees. Their "just friends" claim did not stop remarriage rumors from flying. Reporters staked out her apartment building. Bob Hope "dedicated" Best Song nominee "The Second Time Around" to them at the 33rd Academy Awards.

According to Maury Allen, DiMaggio was so alarmed at how Monroe had fallen in with people he felt detrimental to her well-being, he quit his job with a military post-exchange supplier on August 1, 1962 to ask her to remarry him; she was found dead on August 5. DiMaggio's son, Joe Jr., had spoken to Monroe on the phone the night of her death, and had claimed she seemed fine.^[12] Her death was deemed a probable suicide but has been the subject of endless conspiracy theories. Devastated, he claimed her body and arranged her funeral, barring Hollywood's elite. He had a half-dozen red roses delivered 3 times a week to her crypt for 20 years.^[13] Unlike her other two husbands or others who knew her (or claimed to), he refused to talk about her publicly or otherwise exploit their relationship. He never married again.

Advertising

In the 1970s, DiMaggio was a spokesman for Mr. Coffee, becoming the face for Mr.Coffee electric coffee makers for over 20 years. Also in the 1970s DiMaggio had a 20-year run as spokesman for The Bowery Savings Bank.

Death

DiMaggio's grave

DiMaggio, a heavy cigarette smoker throughout his life, was admitted to Memorial Regional Hospital in Hollywood, Florida, on October 12, 1998, for lung cancer surgery and remained there for the next 99 days.^[14] He returned to his Florida home on January 19, where he died on March 8, 1999.

On March 11, 1999, DiMaggio's funeral was held at Sts. Peter and Paul Roman Catholic Church in San Francisco ^[15] DiMaggio's son died that August at age 57.^[16] DiMaggio is interred at Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma, California.

Sports legacy

At his death in 1999, the New York Times called DiMaggio's 56-game hitting streak in 1941, "perhaps the most enduring record in sports".^[13] During the hitting streak, DiMaggio had a batting average of .408, 15 home runs, and 55 runs batted in. After the streak ended, DiMaggio began a 16-game hitting streak. DiMaggio would hit safely in 72 of 73 games, another record.^[17]

In an article in 1976 in Esquire magazine, sportswriter Harry Stein published an "All Time All-Star Argument Starter," consisting of five ethnic baseball teams. Joe DiMaggio was the center fielder on Stein's Italian team.

On September 17, 1992, the Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital at Memorial Regional Hospital in Hollywood, Florida, opened, for which he raised over $4,000,000.^[13]

Yankee Stadium's fifth monument was dedicated to DiMaggio on April 25, 1999, and the West Side Highway was officially renamed in his honor. The Yankees wore DiMaggio's number 5 on the left sleeves of their uniforms for the 1999 season. He is ranked #11 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.

An auction of DiMaggio's personal items was held on May 19–20, 2006 by the adopted daughters of DiMaggio's son. Highlights included: the ball hit to break Wee Willie Keeler's hitting-streak record ($63,250); 2,000th career hit ball ($29,900); 1947 Most Valuable Player Award ($281,750); uniform worn in the 1951 World Series ($195,500); Hall of Fame ring ($69,000); photograph Marilyn autographed "I love you Joe" ($80,500); her passport ($115,000); their marriage certificate ($23,000). The event netted a total of $4.1 million.

He was pictured with his son on the cover of the inaugural issue of SPORT magazine in September, 1946.^[18]

In addition to his number 5 being retired by the New York Yankees, DiMaggio's number is also retired by the Florida Marlins, who retired it in honor of their first team president, Carl Barger, who died 5 months before the team took the field for the first time in 1993. DiMaggio had been his favorite player.

In popular culture

DiMaggio and Ronald Reagan at the White House, 1981

DiMaggio's popularity during his career was such that he was references in film, television, literature, art, and music both during his career and decades after he retired.

Animation

• Boobs in the Woods: Daffy Duck tricks a befuddled Porky Pig to "Slide, DiMaggio, slide!" into a puddle of mud

Art

• Pierre Bellocq's "Canvas of Stars" mural for Gallagher's Steak House (2006) ^[19]
• Devon Dikeou's "Marilyn Monroe Wanted to be Buried in Pucci" installation (2008) ^[20]
• Harvey Dinnerstein's "The Wide Swing" (1979) sold at auction for $95,000 ^[21]
• Curt Flood's painting of DiMaggio sold at auction for $9,500 ^[22]
• Bart Forbes's illustration of DiMaggio for the July 1999 Boy's Life
• Zenos Frudakis's bronze sculpture of DiMaggio for the Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital ^[23]
• Bill Gallo drew DiMaggio for the New York Daily News; a caricature of DiMaggio and Ted Williams sold at auction for $750 ^[24]
• Red Grooms's "Joltin' Joe Takes a Swing" (1985–1988) ^[25]
• Stephen Holland's giclee "Joe DiMaggio" (2005)
• Armand LaMontagne's 1991 giclee of DiMaggio sold at auction for $325 ^[26]
• Tommy McDonald's paintings of DiMaggio sold at auction for $4,000 ,^[27] and $2,300 ^[21]
• Willard Mullin's 1936 drawing of DiMaggio sold at auction for $2,600 ^[24]
• LeRoy Neiman's mixed media "Joe DiMaggio-San Francisco Seals" (1989), and painting "The DiMaggio Cut" (1998)
• Hanoch Piven's "Joe DiMaggio" (2006) for his book What Athletes are Made Of (ISBN 1-4169-1002-6)
• Bruce Stark's caricature of DiMaggio and Mickey Mantle sold at auction for $700 ^[28]
• Mark Ulriksen's illustration of DiMaggio for the cover of the 12 April 1999 The New Yorker
• Susan Dorothea White's "The Crowning with Sexism" (1994), DiMaggio appears behind Marilyn Monroe

Comics/Graphic Novels

• DC Comics' 100 Bullets by Brian Azzarello and Eduardo Risso:
  • "The Counterfifth Detective", recruited by Agent Graves for the Minutemen ^[29]
  • "Idol Chatter", basis for the ex-ball player befriended by Agent Graves ^[30]
• Harvey Comics' Babe Ruth Sports Comics (August 1949) ^[31]
• Parents' Magazine's True Comics #71 (May 1948) ^[32]
• Revolutionary Comics' "Baseball Legends: Joe DiMaggio" (July 1992) ^[33]

Film

• Farewell, My Lovely: Philip Marlowe follows DiMaggio's hitting streak
• Mighty Aphrodite: Woody Allen's character references DiMaggio's hitting streak
• Ride 'Em Cowboy: Lou Costello's character references DiMaggio
• Wonder Boys: Tobey Maguire's character steals the jacket Marilyn Monroe wore the day she married DiMaggio from Richard Thomas's character, who is obsessed with the DiMaggio-Monroe marriage

A League Of Their Own When a scout is seeing Marla Hooch her father says "She has an eye like DiMaggio." Based on him:

• "Dutch Seymour" in Paddy Chayefsky's The Goddess (Lloyd Bridges)
• "The Ballplayer" in Insignificance (Gary Busey)

See also: Joe DiMaggio imdb.com (Character) page

Literature

• Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea

Based on him

• "Buck Wischnewski" in Alvah Bessie's novel The Symbol
• "The Athlete" in Joyce Carol Oates's novel Blonde

Music

• Tori Amos's "Father Lucifer" references DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe
• Billy Bragg and Woody Guthrie's "DiMaggio Done It Again"
• Les Brown & His Band of Renown's "Joltin' Joe DiMaggio" ^[34]
• Diesel Boy's "She's My Queen" references DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe
• John Fogerty's Centerfield references DiMaggio
• Billy Joel's "We Didn't Start the Fire"
• Bon Jovi's "Captain Crash & the Beauty Queen From Mars" references DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe
• Madonna's "Vogue"
• Man From Delmonte's "Beautiful People" references DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe
• Jennifer Lopez's "I'm Gonna be Alright" references DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe
• Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Bloody Mary" from South Pacific
• Abie Rotenberg's "The Great Joe DiMaggio's Card"
• Simon & Garfunkel's "Mrs. Robinson"
• Sleeper's "Romeo Me" references DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe
• Tom Waits's "A Sight For Sore Eyes"
• MIke Plume's "DiMaggio"

Television

• The Bronx Is Burning (Christopher McDonald)
• The Carol Burnett Show: Harvey Korman as DiMaggio in a Mr. Coffee spoof (Season 8, Episode 23)
• Frasier: "Room Full of Heroes", Martin dresses as DiMaggio, his boyhood hero
• I Love Lucy: "Lucy is Enceinte", Fred gives Lucy a baseball signed by DiMaggio
• Mad Men: "Six Month Leave", Hollis tells Peggy and Draper that he is thinking of DiMaggio in the wake of Marilyn Monroe's death
• Marilyn: The Untold Story (1980) ABC (Frank Converse)
• M*A*S*H: "Pressure Points", Potter references DiMaggio's retirement during a conversation with Dr. Freedman
• The Name's the Same: "12 January 1954", two contestants' actual names were Joe DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe
• Norma Jean & Marilyn (Peter Dobson)
• The Rat Pack (John Diehl)
• Saturday Night Live: Jimmy Fallon as DiMaggio and Charlize Theron as Marilyn Monroe (Season 26, Episode 4)
• Second City Television: Bill Murray as DiMaggio in faux commercial "DiMaggio's on the Wharf" with Eugene Levy as Dom DiMaggio, and Martin Short as Vince DiMaggio (Series 4, Cycle 3-9)
• Seinfeld: "The Note", Kramer insists to Jerry, George, and Elaine that DiMaggio patronizes Dinky Donuts
• The Simpsons: "'Tis The Fifteenth Season", Mr. Burns gives Homer a DiMaggio rookie card
• 61* (Michael Nouri)
• Star Trek: The Next Generation: "The Big Goodbye", Sisko's favorite player breaks DiMaggio's hitting streak record ^[35]

Based on him

• "The Baseball Player" in Blonde (2001) CBS miniseries (Titus Welliver)
• "Lance Tucker" in the Quincy, M.E. episode "A Star Is Dead" (Season 1, Episode 3)
• "Buck Wischnewski" in The Sex Symbol (1974) ABC (William Smith)

See also: Joe DiMaggio imdb.com (Character) page

References

• SPORT magazine, September 1946

External links

• Official Joe DiMaggio Website
• Joe DiMaggio – Baseball Hall of Fame Member biography
• Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference (Minors)
• baseballlibrary.com career statistics and information
• Joe DiMaggio at the Internet Movie Database
• PBS.org documentary on DiMaggio
• Washington Post Obituary
• Most of Joe DiMaggio's items sold from his estate
• Joe DiMaggio, Marilyn Monroe, Frank Sinatra and the 1954 "Wrong Door Raid."
• The Presidency Project - Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom. January 10, 1977
• Joe DiMaggio at Find a Grave
• Joe DiMaggio Quotes