Guizhou
| Guizhou Province | |||||||||
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| Abbreviations: 黔 or 贵 (pinyin: Qián or Guì) | |||||||||
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| Origin of name | 贵 guì - Gui Mountains 州 zhōu - zhou (prefecture) |
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| Administration type | Province | ||||||||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Guiyang | ||||||||
| CPC Ctte Secretary | Shi Zongyuan | ||||||||
| Governor | Lin Shusen (acting) | ||||||||
| Area | 176,100 km2 (68,000 sq mi) (16th) | ||||||||
| - Latitude | {{{Latitude}}} | ||||||||
| - Longitude | {{{Longitude}}} | ||||||||
| Population (2009) - Density |
37,960,000 (15th) 222 /km2 (570 /sq mi) (18th) |
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| GDP (2009) - per capita |
CNY 389.4 billion (26th) CNY 10,258 (31st) |
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| HDI (2008) | 0.690 (medium) (30th) | ||||||||
| Ethnic composition | Han - 62% Miao - 12% Buyi - 8% Dong - 5% Tujia - 4% Yi - 2% Undistinguished - 2% Gelao - 2% Shui - 1% |
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| Prefecture-level | 9 divisions | ||||||||
| County-level | 88 divisions | ||||||||
| Township-level* | 1539 divisions | ||||||||
| ISO 3166-2 | CN-52 | ||||||||
| Official website http://www.gzgov.gov.cn (Simplified Chinese) |
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| Source for population and GDP data:
《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005
Source for nationalities data:
ISBN 7503747382 《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China
*As at December 31, 2004ISBN 7105054255 |
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| Template ■ Discussion ■ WikiProject China | |||||||||
Guizhou (simplified Chinese: 贵州; traditional Chinese: 貴州; pinyin: Gùizhōu; Wade–Giles: Kuei-chou; also spelled Kweichow) is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country. Its provincial capital city is Guiyang.
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History
During the Chinese Han Dynasty from about the third to the first centuries BCE, Guizhou was home to the powerful and independent Yelang polity, which covered parts of modern day Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. It was not until the Ming dynasty that it came under heavy Chinese settlement and domination during which it was made a province. This prompted mass migration from Sichuan, Hunan and its surrounding provinces into Guizhou.
Countless rebellions by its native Miao people occurred throughout the Qing dynasty. It was said in the Qing dynasty that every thirty years there would be minor revolts, while every sixty years there would be major rebellions. All the revolts would be violently suppressed by the government.
Geography
Guizhou adjoins Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality to the north, Yunnan Province to the west, Guangxi Province to the south and Hunan Province to the east. Overall Guizhou is a mountainous province however it is more hilly in the west while the eastern and southern portions are relatively flat. The western part of the province forms part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.
Other cities include: Anshun, Kaili, Zunyi, Duyun, Liupanshui and Qingzhen.
Guizhou has a subtropical humid climate. There are few seasonal changes. Its annual average temperature is roughly 10 to 20 °C, with January temperatures ranging from 1 to 10°C and July temperatures ranging from 17 to 28 °C.
Like in China's other southwest provinces, rural areas of Guizhou suffered severe drought during spring 2010. One of China's poorest provinces, Guizhou is experiencing serious environment problems, such as desertification and persistent water shortages. From 3rd to 5th April 2010, China's Premier Wen Jiabao went on a three days inspection tour in the southwest drought-affected province of Guizhou, where he met villagers and called on agricultural scientists to develop drought-resistant technologies for the area. [1]
Politics
The politics of Guizhou is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The Governor of Guizhou is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Guizhou. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Guizhou Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Guizhou CCP Party Chief".
Economy
Guizhou is a relatively poor and economically undeveloped province, but rich in natural, cultural and environmental resources. Its nominal GDP for 2009 was 389.35 billion yuan (57 billion USD). Its per capita GDP of 10,258 RMB (1,502 USD) ranks last in all of the PRC.
Its natural industry includes timber and forestry. Other important industries in the province include energy (electricity generation) and mining, especially in coal, limestone, arsenic, gypsum, and oil shale. Guizhou's total output of coal was 118 million tons in 2008, a 7% growth from the previous year.[1]
Economic and Technological Development Zones
- Guiyang Economic & Technological Development Area
- Guiyang National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
Administrative divisions
Guizhou is made up of 9 prefecture-level divisions, 88 county-level divisions, and 1543 township-level divisions.
The nine prefecture-level divisions are:
| Map | # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Administrative Seat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| — Prefecture-level city — | |||||
| 2 | Zunyi | 遵义市 | Zūnyì Shì | Honghuagang District | |
| 4 | Liupanshui | 六盘水市 | Liùpánshuǐ Shì | Zhongshan District | |
| 6 | Guiyang | 貴陽市 | Guìyáng Shì | Yunyan District | |
| 5 | Anshun | 安順市 | Ānshùn Shì | Xixiu District | |
| — Prefecture — | |||||
| 1 | Bijie | 畢節地区 | Bìjíe Dìqū | Bijie City | |
| 3 | Tongren | 銅仁地区 | Tóngrén Dìqū | Tongren City | |
| — Autonomous prefecture — | |||||
| 7 | Qianxinan (Buyei & Miao) | 黔西南布依族苗族自治州 | Qiánxī'nán Bùyīzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu |
Xingyi | |
| 8 | Qiannan (Buyei & Miao) | 黔南布依族苗族自治州 | Qiánnán Bùyīzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu |
Duyun | |
| 9 | Qiandongnan (Miao & Dong) | 黔東南苗族侗族自治州 | Qiándōngnán Miáozú Dòngzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Kaili | |
Demographics
Guizhou is demographically one of China's most diverse provinces. Minority groups account for more than 37% of the population and they include Yao, Miao (including Gha-Mu and A-Hmao), Yi, Qiang, Dong, Zhuang, Buyei, Bai, Tujia, Gelao and Shui. 55.5% of the province area is designated as autonomous regions for ethnic minorities. Guizhou is the province with the highest TFR in China, standing at 2.19. (Urban-1.31, Rural-2.42) [2]
Culture
Guizhou is the home of the Maotai Distillery, distillers of Maotai liquor, China's most famous alcoholic beverage. The Chinese name of the distillery is Zhongguo Guizhou Maotai Jiuchang (simplified: 中國貴州茅台酒厂).
Tourism
The province has many covered bridges, called Wind and Rain Bridges. These were built by the Dong minority people.
The southeastern corner of the province is known for its unique Dong minority culture. Towns such as Rongjiang, Liping, Diping and Zhaoxing are scattered amongst the hills along the border with Guangxi.
The rich population of minorities in Guizhou allow for a great many ethnic festivals throughout the lunar calendar. During the first lunar month (usually February), the early festival in Kaili (east of Guiyang) celebrates local culture with acts of bullfighting, horse racing, pipe playing, and comedy works.
Colleges and universities
- Guizhou University (Guiyang)
- Guizhou Normal University (Guiyang)
- Zunyi Medical College (Zunyi)
- Guiyang Medical University (Guiyang)
- Guizhou Nationalities University (Guiyang)
- Guizhou University of Finance and Economics (Guiyang)
- Commercial College of Guizhou (Guiyang)
- Bijie University
- Anshun Vocational and Technology College (Anshun)
- Liupanshui Teacher's College (Liupanshui)
Media
- Guizhou Daily
References
- Economic profile for Guizhou at HKTDC
External links
- Guizhou Government website
- Guiyang Government website in English version
- Guizhou Sister Rice Festival
- Arts and Culture of Southwest China
- Guizhou travel guide from Wikitravel
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