Isfahan

Isfahan Esfahan
Ancient names: Spadana, Spahan, Sepahan, Espahan
from right to left: Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque, Chehel Sotoon, Ali Qapu Palace, 33 Pol
Seal
Nickname(s): Nesfe Jahan (Half of the world)
Isfahan
Isfahan Isfahan in Iran
Coordinates:
Country	Iran
Province	Isfahan
County	Isfahan
District	Central
Government
- Mayor	Morteza Saqaeian Nejad
Area
- Total	106,179 km2 (40,995.9 sq mi)
Elevation	1,590 m (5,217 ft)
Population (2006)
- Total	1,583,609
- Population Rank in Iran	3rd
	Population Data from 2006 Census[1]
Time zone	IRST (UTC+3:30)
- Summer (DST)	March 21 - September 20 (?) (UTC+4:30)
Website	http://www.Isfahan.ir

Isfahan or Esfahan (Persian: اصفهان Esfahān), historically also rendered in English as Ispahan or Hispahan, is located about 340 km south of Tehran and is the capital of Isfahan Province and Iran's third largest city (after Tehran and Mashhad). Isfahan city had a population of 1,583,609 and the Isfahan metropolitan area had a population of 3,430,353 in the 2006 Census, the second most populous metropolitan area in Iran after Tehran.^[2]

The cities of Najafabad, Khaneh Esfahan, Khomeini-shahr, Shahin-shahr, Zarrinshahr, Mobarakeh, Falavarjan and Fouladshahr all constitute the metropolitan city of Isfahan.

Isfahan is located on the main north-south and east-west routes crossing Iran, and was once one of the largest cities in the world. It flourished from 1050 to 1722, particularly in the 16th century under the Safavid dynasty, when it became the capital of Persia for the second time in its history. Even today, the city retains much of its past glory. It is famous for its Islamic architecture, with many beautiful boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, mosques, and minarets. This led to the Persian proverb "'Esfahān nesf-e jahān ast" (Isfahan is half of the world).^[3]

The Naghsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan is one of the biggest city squares in the world and an outstanding example of Iranian and Islamic architecture. It has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The city also has a wide variety of historic monuments ranging from the Sassanid to the Safavid dynasties. Remaining Islamic architectural sites were built from 11th to the 19th century, while older, pre-Islamic monuments date back to 1000 B.C.

History

Chehel Sotoon is a famous tourist attraction.

Prehistory

The history of Esfahan can be traced back to the Palaeolithic period. In recent discoveries, archeologists have found artifacts dating back to the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze and Iron ages.

Elamite Empire

Ancient Esfahan was part of the Elamite Empire under the name of Aspandana. It later became one of the principal towns of the Median dynasty. Subsequently the province became part of the Achaemenid Empire. After the liberation of Iran from Macedonian occupation by the Arsacids, it became part of Parthian Empire. Esfahan was the centre and capital city of a large province, which was administered by Arsacid governors. In the Sassanid era, Esfahan was governed by "Espoohrans" or the members of seven noble Iranian families who had important royal positions, and served as the residence of these noble families as well. Moreover, in this period Esfahan was a military centre with strong fortifications.

Islamic Era

Detail of Khaju Bridge.

Esfahan fell temporarily under the rule of Arabs until the Abbasid era, only being attended to by Al-Mansur. In the 10th century, under the Buwayhid Dynasty, Esfahan regained its importance. In the reign of Malik Shah I of the Seljuk dynasty, Esfahan was again selected as capital and commenced another golden age. In this period, Esfahan was one of the most thriving and important cities of the world. The famous Persian philosopher Avicenna lived and taught there in the 11th century.

In 1387, Esfahan surrendered to the Turko-Mongol warlord Timur. Initially treated with relative mercy, the city revolted against Timur's punitive taxes by killing the tax collectors and some of Timur's soldiers. In retribution, Timur ordered the massacre of the city residents and his soldiers killed a reported 70,000 citizens. An eye-witness counted more than 28 towers, each constructed of about 1,500 heads.^[4]

As the result of its suitable geographic situation, Esfahan flourished again especially during the Safavid dynasty.

The Golden Age of Esfahan arrived in the 16th century under Shah Abbas the Great (1587–1629), who conquered it and made it the new capital of the Safavid dynasty. During the reign of Shah Abbas I, who unified Persia, Esfahan reached its pinnacle. Esfahan had parks, libraries and mosques that amazed Europeans, who had not seen their like on their continent.

The Persians called Esfahan, Nesf-e-Jahan (half the world), meaning that to see it was to see half the world, and also referring to it as a point where many cultures and nationalities meet and mingled. In its heyday, Esfahan was one of the largest cities, with a population of over half a million;^[3] 163 mosques, 48 religious schools, 1801 shops and 263 public baths.

In 1722, following the defeat of the Safavids in the Battle of Gulnabad, Afghans raided Esfahan after a long siege, which left much of the city in ruins. Although the Afghans were a primary cause of Esfahan's decline, it can also be attributed to competition from maritime commerce developed by European merchants from such countries as the Netherlands. Esfahan's wealth originated in its role as a chief waystation along the trans-Asia trade route (such as the Silk Road). Such land trade dwindled as the cheaper sea routes increased in popularity for transporting commodities between Asia and Europe.

Modern age

Today Esfahan, the third largest city in Iran, produces fine carpets, textiles, steel, and handicrafts. Esfahan also has nuclear experimental reactors as well as facilities for producing nuclear fuel (UCF). Esfahan has one of the largest steel-producing facilities in the entire region, as well as facilities for producing special alloys.

At Esfahan uranium is converted into uranium hexafluoride (UF₆). In its gaseous form it is spun at high speed in the centrifuges to extract the fissile isotope. Esfahan is Iran's only domestic source of UF₆. According to IAEA in 2006, Iran was building hardened bunkers under Esfahan to protect UF₆ production.^[5]

The cities of Najafabad, Khaneh Esfahan, Khomeini-shahr, Shahin-shahr, Zarrinshahr, Mobarakeh, Qomshe(Shahreza) , Kashan, Fouladshahr and Falavarjan constitute the metropolitan city of Esfahan. The city has an international airport and is in the final stages of constructing its first Metro line.

Over 2000 companies are working in the area using Esfahan's economic, cultural, and social potentials. Esfahan contains a major oil refinery and a large airforce base. HESA, Iran's most advanced aircraft manufacturing plant (where the IR.AN-140 aircraft is made), is located nearby.^[6]

Esfahan hosted the International Physics Olympiad in 2007.

Geography and climate

The city is located in the lush plain of the Zayandeh River, at the foothills of the Zagros mountain range. The city enjoys a temperate climate and regular seasons. No geological obstacles exist within 90 km north of Isfahan, allowing cool northern winds to blow from this direction. Situated at 1,590 metres (5,217 ft) above sea level, Isfahan is still very hot during the summer with maximum typically around 36 °C (97 °F). However, with low humidity and moderate temperatures at night, the climate can be very pleasant. During the winter, days are mild but nights can be very cold and snow is not unknown. However, on the whole Isfahan's climate is extremely dry. Its annual precipitation of 113 millimetres (4.4 in) is only about half that of Tehran or Mashhad and only a quarter that of more exposed Kermanshah.

View of Ali Qapu Palace.

A carpet shop in Grand Bazaar, Isfahan.

Khaju Bridge.

33 Pol Bridge.

Armenian Vank Cathedral.

Main sights

Mosques

• Hakim Mosque
• Jameh Mosque^[7]
• Monar Jonban (Shaking Minarets)
• Shah Mosque
• Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque

Palaces and caravanserais

• Ali Qapu (The Royal Palace) - early 17th century
• Talar Ashraf (The Palace of Ashraf) - 1650
• Hasht-Behesht (The Palace of Eight Paradises) - 1669
• Chehel Sotoun (The Palace of Forty Columns) - 1647
• Shah Caravanserai

Old schools (madresse)

• Madreseye Sadr.
• Madreseye Shah (Chahar Bagh School).
• Madreseye Khajoo.

Churches and cathedrals

• Vank Cathedral - 17th century
• Kelisaye Maryam (Maryam Church)

Squares and streets

• Naqsh-e Jahan Square also known as "Shah Square" or "Imam Square" - 1602.
• Meydan Kohne (Old Square)
• Shahshahan Square
• Chaharbagh Boulevard - 1596.
• Chaharbagh-e-khajou Boulevard

Bazaars

• Grand Bazaar, Isfahan
• Shahi Bazaar

Bridges

The Zayande River starts in the Zagros Mountains, flows from west to east through the heart of Isfahan, and dries up in the Kavir desert.

The bridges over the river include some of the nicest architecture in Isfahan. The oldest bridge is the "Pol-e Shahrestan," which was probably built in the 12th century during the Seljuk period. Further upstream is the "Pol-e Khaju," which was built by Shah Abbas II in 1650. It is 123 metres long with 24 arches, and it also serves as a sluice gate. The next bridge is the "Pol-e Jubi". It was originally built as an aqueduct to supply the palace gardens on the north bank of the river. Further upstream again is the Si-o-Seh Pol or bridge of 33 arches. Built during the rule of Shah Abbas the Great, it linked Isfahan with the Armenian suburb of Jolfa. It is by far the longest bridge in Isfahan at 295 m (967.85 ft).

Other bridges include:

• Pol-e Shahrestan (The Shahrestan bridge) - 11th Century.
• Marnan bridge
• Pol-e Khaju(Khaju Bridge) - 1650.
• Si-o-Seh Pol (The Bridge of 33 Arches) - 1602.
• Pol-e-Joui or Choobi (Joui bridge).

Bathhouses

• Khosro Agha
• Ali Gholi Agha
• Khajouha
• Shahzadeha
• Bigdeli
• Sheikh Bahaei

Other sites

• Atashgah - a Zoroastrian fire temple.
• Buqe'h-ye Ibn-Sina (Avicenna's Dome) - 12th Century.
• The Tombs of Nizam al-Mulk & Malek Shah - 12th & 18th Century.
• New Julfa (The Armenian Quarter).
• The Bathhouse of Sheikh Bahai.
• Pigeon Towers - 17th Century.
• Manar Jonban, a famous minaret

Transportation

Airport

Isfahan is served by the Isfahan International Airport which handles domestic flights to Iranian cities and international flights, mostly to regional destinations across middle east and central Asia including Dubai and Damascus.

Metro and Inter City Public Transportation

Isfahan metro is under construction and will include 2 lines with 43 km length . The first line of that is planned to be finished by end of 2010 with 21 km length and 20 stations.Until that time expanded bus system with Taxis are handing Isfahan inter city public transportation.

Rail

Isfahan is connected to three major rail lines: Isfahan-Tehran, Isfahan-Shiraz (Recently opened), Isfahan-Yazd and through this recent one to Bandar Abbas and Zahedan .

Road transport

Isfahan´s internal highway network is currently under heavy expansion which began during last decade. It´s lengthy construction is due to concerns of possible destruction of valuable historical buildings. Outside the city, Isfahan is connected by modern highways to Tehran which spans a distance of nearly 400 km (248.55 mi) North and to Shiraz at about 200 km (124.27 mi) to the south. The hi-ways also service satellite cities surrounding the metropolitan area.

An old master of hand-printed carpets in Isfahan bazaar.

Hand crafted, hand painted pottery.

Culture

Rug manufacture

Isfahan has long been one of the centers for production of the famous Persian Rug. Weaving in Isfahan flourished in the Safavid era. But when the Afghans invaded Iran, ending the Safavid dynasty, the craft also became stagnant.

Not until 1920s, between two world wars, was weaving again taken seriously by the people of Isfahan. They started to weave Safavid designs and once again became one of the most important nexus of the Iranian rug weaving industry. Esfahani carpets today are among the most wanted in world markets, having many customers in western countries.

Esfahani rugs and carpets usually have ivory backgrounds with blue, rose, and indigo motifs. Rugs and carpets often have very symmetrical and balanced designs. They usually have a single medallion that is surrounded with vines and palmettos and are of excellent quality.

Food

• Fesenjan - a casserole type dish with a sweet and tart sauce containing the two base ingredients, pomegranate molasses and ground walnuts cooked with chicken, duck, lamb or beef and served with rice.

• Gaz - the name given to Persian Nougat using the sap collected from angebin, a plant from the tamarisk family found only on the outskirts of Isfahan. It is mixed with various ingredients including rose water, pistachio and almond kernels and saffron.

• "Khoresht-e mast" (yoghurt stew) is a traditional dish in Isfahan. Unlike other stews despite its name, it is not served as a main dish and with rice; Since it is more of a sweet pudding it is usually served as a side dish or dessert. The dish is made with yogurt, lamb/mutton or chicken, saffron, sugar and orange zest. Iranians either put the orange zest in water for one week or longer or boil them for few minutes so the orange peels become sweet and ready for use. People in Iran make a lot of delicate dishes and jam with fruit rinds. This dish often accompanies celebrations and weddings.

• Isfahan is famous for its Beryooni. This dish is made of baked mutton & lungs that are minced and then cooked in a special small pan over open fire with a pinch of cinnamon. Beryooni is generally eaten with a certain type of bread, "nan-e taftton". Although it can also be served with other breads.
  See also Biryani.

Famous people

Artists

• Jalal al din Taj Esfahani,1903-, one of the best vocalists of classical music of Iran
• Hasan Kasaie,1928, greatest ney player of Iran (ney is a musical instrument used in Iran's classical music)
• Jalil Shahnaz, 1921, greatest Tar player of Iran
• Freydoon Rassouli, famous artist and Founder of Fusionart movement
• Master Ahmad Archang famous artist and designer of Isfahan rug patterns
• Alireza Eftekhari, 1956-, vocalist of popular and classical music
• Mohammad Esfahani, popular music
• Moein, 1951, popular and classical music
• Hoshmand Aghili, 1945-, popular and classical music
• Hassan Shamaie zade, music composer and Singer
• Leila Forouhar (لیلا فروهر), born in 1957, The Iranian Woman Singer

Actors & Movie Directors

• Reza Arhamsadr, 1923–2008, a famous father of Persian comic cinema and theater, popular actor
• Nosratolah Vahdat,1925, a famous & popular actor
• Mohamad Ali Keshvarz, محمدعلی کشاورز 1930,-, a famous & popular actor
• Jahangir Forouhar, 1916–1997, جهانگیر فروهر, a famous & popular actor and Father of Leila Forouhar(the Iranian woman singer)
• Kiumars Poorahmad, 1949-, a famous & popular director
• Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari, 1956–2001, former princess of Iran also an actress
• Homayoun Ershadi, 1947-, a Hollywood actor and an architect

Painters

• Sumbat Der Kiureghian, 1913–1999, سمبات دِر كيوُرغيان, the best Isfahanian Armenian painter
• Hossein Mosaverolmolki,1889–1969, حسين مصورالملكي, one of the best painters and miniaturists
• Yervand Nahapetian, 1917-, يرواند نهاپطيان, Isfahanian Armenian painter
• Freydoon Rassouli, An American painter born and raised in Isfahan
• Ostad Javad Rostamshirazi, 1919-, Isfahanian painter
• Mahmuod Farshchian, 1930-, the best miniaturist of Iran
• Sarhang Saram
• Yasaie Shajanian

Political figures

• Shapour Bakhtiar, Ex Prime Minister of Iran
• Hossein Fatemi, 1919–1954, PhD, politician(Foreign Minister of Dr M.Mosadegh Cabinet)
• Ahmad Amir-Ahmadi, 1906–1965, military leader and cabinet minister of Iran
• Hossein Kharrazi, chief of army in the Iran & Iraq war
• Mohsen Nourbakhsh, 1948–2003, economist, Governor of the Central Bank of Iran
• Nusrat Bhutto, Chairman of Pakistan Peoples Party from 1979–1983, wife of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and mother of Benazir Bhutto.
• Kumail Yoosef, high ranking member of the "Kargozaran Sazandege" Party and close adviser to Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. Was arrested by plainclothesmen on December 27, 2009 following Ashura protests against contested elections results.
• Masoud Sadr, Opposition government

Religious figures

• Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri Najafabadi,آیت الله حسینعلی منتظری نجف آبادی, Born in 1922 and died in 19 December 2009, a prominent Iranian scholar, Islamic theologian, democracy advocate, writer and human rights activist, a Grand Marja (religious authority) of Shi'ite Islam
• Ayatollah Yousef Sanei,یوسف صانعی, Born in Isfahan in 1937, He is an Iranian scholar, renowned theologian and Islamic philosopher. He is known as a senior reformist cleric and a Grand Marja of Shia Islam.
• Salman Farsi(Rouzbe Piranestani)
• Allamah al-Majlisi, 1616–1698, Safavid cleric, Sheikh ul-Islam in Isfahan
• Ayatollah Rahim Arbab, 1847-?, cleric, Ayatollah-al-ozma rank
• Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti, 1928–1981, cleric, Chairman of the Council of Revolution of Iran

Sportspeople

• Mahmoud Yavari, محمود یاوری, Born in 1939, Former Player of Shahine Esfahan and Iran National Team from 1958 until 1970, The Former Coach of Iran National Team and is known as a oldest and the most Active Coach in 2010 Persian Gulf League and Football Federation,He was also retired of Iran Police Department as a Colonel degree, amir ghalenouie calls him as Father of Football of Iran
• Abdolali Changiz, football star and Famous Player of Perspolis Fc in 1970s
• Mansour Ebrahim zadeh, Former Player of Sepahan in 1970s and 1980s, He have been Coach of Zobahan FC since 2007
• Rasoul Korbekandi, Famous Goalkeeper in Iran National Team and now he is coach
• Moharram Navidkia, Captain of the Sepahan Football Club
• Ehsan Haj Safi, youth phenomenon of the Sepahan Football Club
• Mohamad Moghadam, self proclaimed magician, who became famous in an investigation by Adel Ferdowsipour, and was receiving roughly $90,000 a month by the Sepahan Football Club to put 'curses' on opposing teams.^[8]

Writers and poets

• Mohammad-Ali Jamālzādeh Esfahani,1892–1997, father of story writing of Iran
• Mohammad ALi Mokrame Esfahani, 1886–1966, Liberalist and anti-religion's Superstitions Poet and jurnalist in Sedaye Esfahan Newspaper
• Khakshir Esfahani, 1883-1956, Poet of Joke and satire
• Houshang Golshiri, 1938–2000, writer and editor
• Mirza Abbas Khan Sheida, 1880–1949, poet and publisher
• Hamid Mosadegh, 1939–1998, poet and lawyer
• Hassan Safdari, poet and writer
• Hatefe Esfahani, 1198(died), Persian Moral poet in Afsharye Era
• Mohsen Pashfelanzadeh, writer of famous poetry book Gorazha Ham Hammam Nakardan
• Saeb Tabrizi

Others

• Nasser David Khalili, 1945-, property developer, art collector, and philanthropist
• Arthur Pope, 1881–1969, American archaeologist, buried near Khaju Bridge

Education

Central Municipal Library of Isfahan.

Aside from the seminaries and religious schools, the major universities of the Isfahan metropolitan area are:

• Universities
  • Isfahan University of Technology
  • Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
  • University of Isfahan
  • Isfahan University of Art
  • Islamic Azad University, Majlesi Branch (Esfahan Branch)
  • Islamic Azad University of Najafabad
  • Islamic Azad university of Shahreza
  • Islamic Azad University of Khomeini Shahr

• High schools
  • Shahid Ezhe'i High School
  • Harati High School
  • Adab High School
  • Mahboobeh Danesh(Navaie)
  • Imam Mohammad Bagher Education Complex

There are also more than 50 Technical and Vocational Training Centers under the administration of Isfahan TVTO which provide non-formal training programs freely throughout the province.^[9]

Sports

Isfahan is host of many national and international sport events therefore enjoying good sport facilities such as Naghsh-e-Jahan Stadium with 50,000 capacity which second phase is under development to increase capacity to 75,000 spectators. Isfahan has an important derby called as Naqsh e jahan derby. This competition is one of the most popular annual football events in Iran between Sepahan F.C. and Zob Ahan. Isfahan has two football (soccer) clubs that have been title contenders in Iran's Premier Football League. These are:

• Sepahan Isfahan^[10]. Honours:
  • Attend in FIFA Club World Cup, 2007
  • Vice-Champion of AFC Champions League 2007
  • Attend in AFC Champions League, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
  • Champion of Iran's Premier Football League, 2003
  • Vice-Champion of Iran's Premier Football League 2008
  • Champion of Hazfi Cup, 2004, 2006, 2007

• Sepahan Novin^[10]. Honour(s):
  • Iran's Premier Football League Runners Up 2008

• Zob Ahan Isfahan^[11]. Honours:
  • Vice-Champion of Iran's Premier Football League 2005, 2009
  • Champion of Hazfi Cup, 2003, 2009
  • Attend in AFC Champions League, 2004, 2010

Twin towns — Sister cities

Isfahan is twinned with:

• Barcelona, Spain ^[12]
• Kuwait City, Kuwait
• Beirut, Lebanon ^[13]
• Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia^[14]
• Cairo, Egypt
• Florence, Italy
• Venice, Italy
• Freiburg, Germany
• Havana, Cuba
• Yerevan, Armenia^[15]
• Iaşi, Romania
• Istanbul, Turkey^[16][17]
• Lahore, Pakistan
• Saint Petersburg, Russia^[18]
• Xian, People's Republic of China

Gallery

View of Shah Mosque from Naqsh-e Jahan Square.	Pedestrians are offered tea in the resting areas under the historic Khaju Bridge.	The famous Si-o-se Pol over the Zayande River is considered the epitome of Safavid bridge design.	Kelisa-e Vank, the Vank Cathedral.
Geometric calligraphy at the Friday Mosque.	Isfahani carpet trader.	view of Ali Qapu Palace at night	Choobi or Joui ( پل جویی ) bridge.
Khaju Bridge	Khaju Bridge at night.	Shah Mosque at night.	Abbasi Hotel
Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque	Interior view of the dome, Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque.	Jamé Mosque of Isfahan	Chahar Bagh School

See also

• Isfahan travel guide from Wikitravel

References

• Urban Planning of Isfahan in the Seventeenth Century - Abouei, Reza, University of Sheffield, School of Architecture, 2005

Notes

External links

• Municipality of Isfahan
• Isfahan Official website
• Isfahan Metro

Isfahan Province Capital Isfahan Counties Aran va Badgol  • Ardestan  • Borkhar-o-Meymeh  • Chadagan  • Dehaqan  • Falavarjan  • Fereydan  • Fereydunshahr  • Golpāyegān  • Isfahan  • Kashan  • Khansar  • Khomaynishar(Sedeh)  • Lenjan County  • Mobarakeh  • Nain  • Najafabad  • Natanz  • Semirom  • Shahreza  • Shahinshahr  • Tiran-o-Karwan Cities Aran o Bidgol  • Abrisham  • Abuzaydabad  • Aegeae  • Alavije  • Anarak  • Ardestan  • Asgaran  • Baadrod  • Baghbahadoran  • Baharanshar  • Baharestan city  • Barfanbar  • Barzok  • Boeyin-o-Meyandasht  • Chadegan  • Chamgordan  • Charmahin  • Damaneh  • Daran  • Dastgerd  • Dehagh  • Dehaqan  • Diziche  • Dolatabad  • Dorche  • Efos  • Falavarjan  • Fereydunshahr  • Fooladshahr  • Gaz  • Ghahderijan  • Gogad  • Goldasht  • Golpāyegān  • Golshahr  • Hana  • Habibabad  • Hasanabad  • Harand  • Imanshar  • Isfahan  • Jandagh  • Joshghan-o-Kamu  • Jouzdan  • Karkevand  • Kashan  • Khaledabad  • Khansar, Iran  • Khomaynishar (Sedeh)  • Khorasegan  • Khorzoogh  • Khour  • Kohpayeh  • Kolishad-o-Sodarjan  • Komeh  • Komeshjeh  • Koshk  • Mahabad  • Manzariyeh  • Mashhad-e Ardehal  • Meshkat  • Meymeh  • Mobarakeh  • Mohammadabad  • Nain  • Najafabad  • Nasrabad  • Natanz  • Niasar  • Nikabad  • Noshabad  • Pir-i Bakran  • Qamsar  • Rezvanshahr  • Rezveh  • Sagzi  • Sedelenjan  • Sefidshahr  • Semirom  • Shahinshahr  • Shahreza  • Talekhonche  • Tiran  • Toudeshk  • Vanak  • Varnamkhast  • Varzaneh  • Vezvan  • Zarrinshahr  • Zavareh  • Zayandehrod  • Zibashahr  • Landmarks and Sights Semirom waterfall  • Abyaneh  • Niasar fire temple  • Atashgah  • Babapir  • Gogad citadel  • Yazdgerd's palace  • Grand Bazaar, Esfahan  • Kashan Bazaar  • Fin Garden  • Khaju Bridge  • Tappeh Sialk  • Si-o-se Pol  • Ali Qapu  • Shahghandab cave  • Mashhad_Ardehal ceremony  • Maranjab caravansary  • Hasht Behesht  • Vank Cathedral  • Chahar Bagh School  • Qamsar rose water ceremony  • Jameh Mosque of Ashtarjan  • Jameh Mosque of Isfahan  • Shah Mosque  • Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque  • Manar Jonban  • Naqsh-e Jahan Square  • Narin ghaleh  • Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse  • Agha Bozorg Mosque  • Boroujerdi ha Residence  • Tabatabaie Residence  • House of the Āmeri family  • Abbasian House  • Chahar Bagh  • New Julfa

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