Thyroxine

Thyroxine
IUPAC name
(2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS number 51-48-9
PubChem 5819
DrugBank APRD00235
MeSH Thyroxine
ATC code H03AA01
Properties
Molecular formula C15H11I4NO4
Molar mass 776.87 g mol−1
Melting point

231–233 °C [1]
Solubility in water slightly soluble (0,105 mg·l-1 at 25 °C) [2]
Hazards
R-phrases -
S-phrases S22, S24/25
Related compounds
Related compounds Triiodothyronine (tri-iodated)
Thyronine (without iodine)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Thyroxine, or 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (often abbreviated as T4), a form of thyroid hormones is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination and covalent bonding of the phenyl portions of tyrosine residues found in an initial peptide, thyroglobulin, which is secreted into thyroid granules. These iodinated diphenyl compounds are cleaved from their peptide backbone upon being stimulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone. More in the T3 and T4 section of thyroid.

The system of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4.[3]

T4 is transported in blood, with 99.95% of the secreted T4 being protein-bound, principally to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), and, to a lesser extent, to transthyretin and serum albumin. T4 is involved in controlling the rate of metabolic processes in the body and influencing physical development. Administration of thyroxine has been shown to significantly increase the concentration of nerve growth factor in the brains of adult mice.[4]

Thyroxine is a prohormone and a reservoir for the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), which is about four times more potent. T4 is converted in the tissues by deiodinases, including thyroid hormone iodine peroxidase (TPO), to T3. The "D" isomer is called "Dextrothyroxine"[5] and is used as a lipid modifying agent.[6] The half-life of thyroxine once released into the blood circulatory system is about 1 week.

The hormone was synthesised in 1927 by British chemists Charles Robert Harington and George Barger.

Reference Ranges

The normal adult range of T4 in blood is 4 - 11 mcg/dL

Reactions

Transformations

References

  1. ↑ Harington in: Biochem. J. 1926, 20, 310.
  2. ↑
  3. ↑ References used in image are found in image article in Commons:Commons:File:Thyroid_system.png#References.
  4. ↑ Walker et al. (27 April 1979) Thyroxine increases nerve growth factor concentration in adult mouse brain. Science. Vol. 204, No. 4391. pp. 427 - 429.
  5. ↑ MeSH Dextrothyroxine
  6. ↑ C10AX01
Stub icon This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.