Conidae
| Cone snails | |
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| Geography cone, Conus geographus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Conidae Fleming, 1822 [1] |
| Subfamilies and genera | |
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See text |
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Conidae is a taxonomic family of minute to quite large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.
The snails within this family are sophisticated predatory animals.[2] They hunt and immobilize prey using a modified radular tooth along with a poison gland containing neurotoxins; the tooth is launched out of the snail's mouth in a harpoon-like action.
Until fairly recently, this family contained only Conus species, but then several subfamilies were moved into the family that were previously in the family Turridae. The Conus species are now in the subfamily Coninae.
Subfamilies
This family consists of the seven following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):
- Coninae Fleming, 1822 - synonyms: Conulinae Rafinesque, 1815 (inv.); Textiliinae da Motta, 1995 (n.a.)
- Clathurellinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858 - synonyms: Defranciinae Gray, 1853 (inv.); Borsoniinae A. Bellardi, 1875; Pseudotominae A. Bellardi, 1888; Diptychomitrinae L. Bellardi, 1888; Mitrolumnidae Sacco, 1904; Mitromorphinae Casey, 1904; Lorinae Thiele, 1925 sensu Opinion 666
- Conorbinae de Gregorio, 1880 - synonym: Cryptoconinae Cossmann, 1896
- Mangeliinae P. Fischer, 1883 - synonym: Cytharinae Thiele, 1929
- Oenopotinae Bogdanov, 1987 - synonym: Lorinae Thiele, 1925 sensu Thiele
- Raphitominae A. Bellardi, 1875 - synonyms: Daphnellinae Casey, 1904; Taraninae Casey, 1904; Thatcheriidae Powell, 1942; Pleurotomellinae F. Nordsieck, 1968; Andoniinae Vera-Pelaez, 2002
- † Siphopsinae Le Renard, 1995
Genera
Genera within the family Conidae include: [1]
- Agathotoma Cossman, 1899
- Asprella (synonym of Conus)
- Bactrocythara Woodring, 1928
- Bathytoma Harris & Burrows 1891
- Bela Gray, 1847
- Belaturricula Powell, 1951
- Benthomangelia Thiele, 1925
- Borsonella Dall, 1908
- Brachycythara Woodring, 1928
- Chelyconus (synonym of Conus)
- Clathromangelia Monterosato, 1884
- Clathurella Carpenter, 1857
- Cleobula (synonym of Conus)
- Columbarium Martens, 1881
- Conasprella (synonym of Conus)
- Conopleura Hinds, 1844
- Conorbis Swainson,, 1840
- Conospirus Gregorio, 1890
- Conus Linnaeus, 1758
- Crockerella Hertlein & Strong 1951
- Cryoturris Woodring, 1928
- Curtitoma Bartsch, 1941
- Cymakra Gardner 1937
- Daphnella Hinds 1844
- Darioconus (synonym of Conus)
- Dauciconus (synonym of Conus)
- Dendroconus (synonym of Conus)
- Drilliola Locard, 1897
- Endemoconus (synonym of Conus)
- Eubela Dall, 1889
- Fehria van Aartsen, 1988
- Gastridium (synonym of Conus)
- Glyphostoma Gabb, 1872
- Glyphostomops Bartsch, 1934
- Glyphoturris Woodring, 1928
- Glyptaesopus Pilsbry & Olsson 1941
- Granoturris Fargo, 1953
- Gymnobela Verrill, 1884
- Ithycythara Woodring, 1928
- Jaspidiconus Clench, 1942
- Kurtzia Bartsch, 1944
- Kurtziella Dall, 1918
- Leufroyia Monterosato 1884
- Lithoconus (synonym of Conus)
- Mangelia Risso, 1826
- Mitramorpha Adams, 1865
- Mitrolumna Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus 1883
- Mitromorpha Adams, 1865
- Nannodiella Dall, 1918
- Nepotilla Hedley, 1918
- Nipponaphera Habe, 1961
- Obesotoma Bartsch, 1941
- Oenopota Mörch, 1852
- Ophiodermella Bartsch, 1944
- Perplicaria Dall, 1890
- Platycythara Woodring, 1928
- Pleurotomella verrill, 1873
- Propebela Iredale, 1918
- Puncticulis Swainson, 1840
- Pyrgocythara Woodring, 1928
- Rhizoconus (synonym of Conus)
- Rimosodaphnella Cossmann, 1915
- Rubellatoma Bartsch & Rehder 1939
- Scalptia Jousseaume 1887
- Stephanoconus (synonym of Conus)
- Suavodrillia Dall, 1918
- Taranis Jeffreys, 1870
- Tenaturris Woodring, 1928
- Thelecythara Woodring, 1928
- Thesbia Jeffreys, 1867
- Typhlomangelia Sars G.O., 1878
- Virgiconus (synonym of Conus)
- Virroconus (synonym of Conus)
- Vitricythara Fargo, 1953
- Zierliana Gray, 1847
References
- ↑ The Cone Collector, January 2007
- ↑ Piper, Ross (2007), Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals, Greenwood Press.
- Alan Kohn, A - Chronological Taxonomy of Conus,1758-1840, (Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, 1992)