Chelyabinsk
| Chelyabinsk (English) Челябинск (Russian) |
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.svg.png) Location of Chelyabinsk Oblast in Russia |
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  Chelyabinsk
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| Holiday | 13 September |
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Chelyabinsk Oblast |
| Administrative center of | Chelyabinsk Oblast |
| Municipal status (as of February 2008) | |
| Urban okrug | Chelyabinsk Urban Okrug |
| Head | Mikhail Yurevich |
| Representative body | Council |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 486 km2 (188 sq mi) |
| Population (2002 Census) | 1,078,300 inhabitants[1] |
| - Rank | 9th |
| - Density | 2,219 /km2 (5,750 /sq mi)[2] |
| Time zone | YEKT/YEKST (UTC+5/+6) |
| Founded | 1736 |
| Postal code(s) | 454xxx[3] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 351[4] |
Chelyabinsk (Russian: Челя́бинск, pronounced [tɕiˈlʲabinsk] (
listen)) is a city in Russia, located just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on Miass River. It is the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast. Population: 1,077,174 (2002 Census);[1] 1,141,777 (1989 Census).[5]
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History
Fortress Chelyaba, from which the city takes its name, was constructed on the site in 1736; the city was incorporated in 1781. Around 1900, it served as a center for the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. According to official statistics the population on 1 January 1913 was 45,000 inhabitants.
After the Finnish Civil War 1918, and the following decades some 15000 "Red" Finns defected into Soviet Union.
During the Soviet industrialization of the 1930s, Chelyabinsk experienced rapid growth. Several industrial establishments, including the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant and the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant, were built at this time. During World War II, Joseph Stalin decided to move a large part of Soviet factory production to places out of the way of the advancing German armies in late 1941. This brought new industries and thousands of workers to Chelyabinsk—still essentially a small city. Several enormous facilities for the production of T-34 tanks and Katyusha rocket launchers existed in Chelyabinsk, which became known as "Tankograd" (Tank City). Chelyabinsk was essentially built from scratch during this time. A small town existed before this, signs of which can be found in the centre of the city. The S.M. Kirov Factory no. 185 moved here from Leningrad to produce heavy tanks — it was transferred to Omsk after 1962.
A serious nuclear accident occurred in 1957 at the Mayak nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, 150 km north-west of the city, caused deaths in Chelyabinsk Oblast but not in the city. The province was closed to all foreigners until 1992.
Geography
The city is located in the north-western side of its Oblast, 210 km south of Yekaterinburg.
Education
There are over a dozen universities in Chelyabinsk. The main ones are South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk State University and Chelyabinsk Medical Academy. The oldest one is Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University, which was founded in 1934. There are 13 faculties at the University including the Faculty of Foreign Languages, Mathematics, Physics, and others.
Economy
Chelyabinsk is one of the major industrial centers of Russia. Heavy industry predominates, especially metallurgy and military machinery, notably the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Combinate (CMK, ChMK), Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (CTZ, ChTZ), Chelyabinsk Electrode plant (CHEZ), Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant (ChTPZ) and Chelyabinsk Forge-and-Press Plant (ChKPZ).
Chelyabinsk also has several electronics plants, including Metran, Polet and Zavod Electromashina, that serve both military and civil needs.
Transport
Chelyabinsk Metro
Chelyabinsk started construction of a 3-line subway network in 1993. It is proceeding slowly using the New Austrian Tunneling method. Pending financing, the opening of the first section is scheduled for 2010.
Tramway and trolleybus
Chelyabinsk has a tramway (since 1932) and trolleybus (since 1942). The fare for tramway and trolleybus - ~$0.28 (10 rubles). Also for passengers available "social cards" and "transport card", these cards provide discounts.
Airport
The city is served by Chelyabinsk Airport.
Famous people from Chelyabinsk
Politicians
- Viktor Khristenko - politician, the Industry and Energy Minister since March 9, 2004. Prior to that, held a number of government posts, including a brief stint in 2004 as an acting Prime Minister (from February, 24 to March, 5)
- Nelly Rokita - adviser of Polish President Lech Kaczyński, wife of politician Jan Rokita
- Galina Starovoytova - political activist
Musicians
- Maksim Bugrov - World champion violinist 2005, Actor, Professional theater tech.
Scientists
- Makhmut Gareev — General of the Army, a historian, and a military scientist
Cosmonauts
- Maksim Viktorovich Surayev - Flight Engineer, International Space Station (Expedition 21 and Expedition 22)
Composers
- Lera Auerbach — one of the most widely performed composers of the new generation
Software Developers
- Eugene Roshal — Developer of the RAR and WinRAR compression utilities and FAR Manager.
Sportsmen
Ice hockey
- Sergei Makarov — former Traktor Chelyabinsk, CSKA Moscow, Soviet national team, Calgary Flames, San Jose Sharks, and Dallas Stars hockey player. One of the greatest players in the history of international hockey, "M" in the famous KLM line of the late 1970s — early 1980s (together with Igor Larionov and Vladimir Krutov)
- Sergei Babinov and Sergei Starikov — 2 former USSR national team defencemen.
- Vyacheslav (Slava) Bykov - former Traktor Chelyabinsk, CSKA Moscow and Soviet national team hockey player. Since August 10, 2006 - head coach of the Russian national hockey team
- Dmitri Kalinin — New York Rangers and former Buffalo Sabres ice hockey Player
- Sergei Gonchar — Ottawa Senators ice hockey Player
- Andrei Nazarov — former Minnesota Wild, San Jose Sharks, Tampa Bay Lightning, Calgary Flames, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Boston Bruins and Phoenix Coyotes player of the National Hockey League. Currently employed as the head coach of Traktor Chelyabinsk
- Evgeny Davydov — retired Russian professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League for the Winnipeg Jets, Florida Panthers and the Ottawa Senators
Speed Skating
- Svetlana Bazhanova — Olympic champion 1994 in speed skating
- Lidiya Skoblikova — four times awarded Olympic champion 1964.
Chess
- Evgeny Sveshnikov — Latvian International Grandmaster of chess
Weightlifting
- Mikhail Koklyaev — six time Russian National Weightlifting champion
Cycling
- Sergei Valeryevich Ivanov - Six time Russian National Cycling champion (1998, 1999, 2000, 2005, 2008 and 2009) and winner of two stages (2001 and 2009) in the Tour de France
Volleyball
- Yekaterina Gamova - a famous Russian female volleyball player, currently playing for Fenerbahçe Acıbadem and the Russian National volleyball team.
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Chelyabinsk is twinned with:
Changchun, China.
Columbia, South Carolina, United States.
Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom.
Ramla, Israel.[6]- Ürümqi, China.
See also
- Chelyabinsk Metro
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
- ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2002 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the Census (2002).
- ↑ Information about central postal office (in Russian)
- ↑ Russian Federation Cities dialing codes (in Russian)(zip 34.4 KB)
- ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
- ↑ Chelyabinsk and Ramla sister cities agreement
External links
- Website about Chelyabinsk (Russian)
- Chelyabinsk news (English)
- Chelyabinsk city portal (Russian)
- Chelyabinsk News Agency (Russian)
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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