Chapel

Littlejohn Memorial Chapel, an example of a school chapel at Scotch College, Melbourne
Neogothic Roman Catholic chapel in Mošovce, Slovakia
Cappella Palatina (illustrated) and Palatine Chapel in Aachen are two most famous palatine chapels of Europe.
In Russian Orthodox tradition, the chapels were built underneath city gates, where most people could visit them. The most famous example is the Iberian Chapel.
Gothic Chapel (15th century) in The Chrobry Square in The Old Town of Police, a town in Pomerania, Poland

A chapel is a building used by Christians, members of other religions, and sometimes interfaith communities, as a place of fellowship and worship. It may be attached to an institution such as a large church, college, hospital, palace, prison or funeral home, located on board a military or commercial ship, or it may be an entirely free-standing building, sometimes with its own grounds. [1] Many military installations have chapels for the use of military personnel, normally under the leadership of a military chaplain. Until the Protestant Reformation, a chapel denoted a place of worship that was either at a secondary location that was not the main responsibility of the local parish priest, or that belonged to a person or institution. Most larger churches had one or more secondary altars, which if they occupied a distinct space, would often be called a chapel.

The word chapel is in particularly common usage in England, and even more so in Wales, for independent or nonconformist places of worship; and in Scotland and Ireland many ordinary Roman Catholic churches as well as non-Anglican church buildings are known to locals as "the chapel". In England, due to the rise in popularity of independent or nonconformist chapels throughout the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, by the time of the 1851 census, more people attended the independent chapels, albeit at their own expense, than attended the state's Anglican churches.

The word, chapel, like the associated word, chaplain, originally had Christian roots, but is used in a wider context today. While many are denominational, many are non-denominational. The latter are mostly encountered as part of a non-religious institution such as a hospital, prison or military installation. In England, where the Anglican Church is established by law, nondenominational or inter-faith chapels in such institutions may nonetheless be consecrated by the local Anglican bishop.

Chapels that are built as part of a larger church are holy areas set aside for some specific use or purpose: for instance, many cathedrals and large churches have a "Lady Chapel" in the apse, dedicated to the Virgin Mary; parish churches may have such a "Lady Chapel" in a side aisle or a "Chapel of Reservation" where the consecrated bread and wine of the Eucharist are kept in reserve between services, for the purpose of taking Holy Communion to the sick and housebound and, in some Christian traditions, for devotional purposes.

In Roman Catholic Canon Law, a chapel, technically called an "oratory" is a building or part thereof dedicated to the celebration of services, particularly the Mass, which is not a parish church. This may be a private chapel, for the use of one person or a select group (a bishop's private chapel, or the chapel of a convent, for instance); a semi-public oratory, which is partially available to the general public (a seminary chapel that welcomes visitors to services, for instance); or a public oratory (for instance, a hospital or university chapel).

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History

The earliest Christian places of worship are now often referred to as chapels, as they were not dedicated buildings but rather a dedicated chamber within a building, such as a room in an individual's home. Here one or two people could pray without being part of a communion/congregation. People who like to use chapels may find it peaceful and relaxing to be away from the stress of life, without other people moving around them.

The word "chapel" is derived from a relic of Saint Martin of Tours: traditional stories about Martin relate that while he was still a soldier, he cut his military cloak in half to give part to a beggar in need. The other half he wore over his shoulders as a "small cape" (Latin: capella). The beggar, the stories claim, was Christ in disguise, and Martin experienced a conversion of heart, becoming first a monk, then abbot, then bishop. This cape came into the possession of the Frankish kings, and they kept the relic with them as they did battle. The tent which kept the cape was called the capella and the priests who said daily Mass in the tent were known as the capellani. From these words we get the names "chapel" and "chaplain".

The word also appears in the Irish language in the Middle Ages, as Welsh people came with the Norman and Old English invaders to the island of Ireland. While the traditional Irish word for church was eaglais (derived from ecclesia), a new word, séipéal (from cappella), came into usage.

In English history, "chapel", or sometimes 'meeting house', was formerly the standard designation for church buildings belonging to independent or nonconformist religious societies and their members. It was a word particularly associated with the pre-eminence of independent religious practice in rural regions of England and Wales, the northern industrial towns of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and centres of population close to but outside of the City of London. As a result, "chapel" is sometimes used as an adjective in the UK to describe the members of such churches ("I'm Chapel.").

Proprietary chapels

A proprietary chapel is one that originally belonged to a private person. In the 19th century they were common, often being built to cope with urbanisation. Frequently they were set up by evangelical philanthropists with a vision of spreading Christianity in cities whose needs could no longer be met by the parishes. Some functioned more privately, with a wealthy person building a chapel so they could invite their favorite preachers.[2] They are anomalies in the English ecclesiastical law, having no parish area, but being able to have an Anglican clergyman licensed there. Historically many Anglican Churches were Proprietary Chapels. Over the years they have often been converted into normal Parishes.

Modern usage

St. Ivan Rilski Chapel in Antarctica

While the usage of the word "chapel" is not exclusively limited to Christian terminology, it is most often found in that context. Nonetheless, the word's meaning can vary by denomination, and non-denominational chapels (sometimes called "meditation rooms") can be found in many hospitals, airports, and even the United Nations headquarters.

Common uses of the word chapel today include:

Notable chapels

A mountain chapel near Zermatt in the Swiss Alps.
Cappella degli Scrovegni in Padua.
The Little Chapel in Guernsey.
Gallus-Kapelle in Greifensee ZH (Switzerland), the Town hall to the left
Interior of a baroque chapel at the Cathedral of Chihuahua, Mexico
Chapel Year Location
Brancacci Chapel 1386 Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence, Italy
Cadet Chapel 1963 United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
Cadet Chapel 1911 United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, USA
Contarelli Chapel 1585 San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome, Italy
Duke Chapel 1930 Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
Eton College Chapel 1440–c.1460 Eton College, Eton, Berkshire, England
Heinz Memorial Chapel 1938 University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
King's College Chapel, Cambridge 1446 Cambridge University, Cambridge, England
Lee Chapel 1867 Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, USA
Magi Chapel 1459–1461 Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence, Italy
Mariners Chapel 1961 United States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New York, USA
Medici Chapels 16th–17th centuries Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, Italy
Naval Academy Chapel 1908 United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, USA
Niccoline Chapel 1447–1449 Apostolic Palace, Vatican City
Palatine Chapel 786 Aachen Cathedral, Aachen, Germany
Palatine Chapel 1132 Palazzo dei Normanni in Palermo, Sicily, Italy
Pauline Chapel 1540 Apostolic Palace, Vatican City
Pettit Memorial Chapel 1907 Belvidere, Illinois, United States
Queen's Chapel 1623 London, England
Rosslyn Chapel 1440 Roslin, Scotland
Rothko Chapel 1964 Houston, Texas, USA
Sainte-Chapelle 1246 Île de la Cité, Paris, France
Sassetti Chapel 1470 Santa Trinita, Florence
Sistine Chapel 1473 Apostolic Palace, Vatican City
St. George's Chapel 1348 Windsor Castle, England
St. Joan of Arc Chapel 15th century Relocated to Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA
St. Paul's Chapel 1766 New York City, USA
St Salvator's Chapel 1450 St Andrews, Scotland
LLandaff Oratory 1925 Van Reenen, South Africa
Chapelle du Saint-Marie du Rosaire 1949 Vence, France
Theodelinda Chapel 15th century Monza Cathedral, Italy
Thorncrown Chapel 1980 Eureka Springs, Arkansas, USA
Slipper Chapel 1340 Norfolk, England
St. Ivan Rilski Chapel 2003 Livingston Island, Antarctica
Gallus Chapel 1330–1340 Greifensee ZH, Switzerland

Gallery

See also

References