Automotive industry

The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells the world's motor vehicles. The automotive industry is one of the most important economic sectors by revenue.

The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to automobiles after delivery to the customer, such as repair shops and motor fuel filling stations.

Contents

Worldwide Trends

In 2007, worldwide production reached a peak at a total of 73.3 million new motorvehicles produced worldwide.[1] In 2009, worldwide motorvehicle production dropped 13.5 percent to 61 million. Sales in the U.S. dropped 21.2 percent to 10.4 million units, sales in the European Union (supported by scrapping incentives in many markets) dropped 1.3 percent to 14.1 million units. China became the world's largest motorvehicles market, both by sales as by production. Sales in China rose 45 percent in 2009 to 13.6 million units.[2] In recent years, private Chinese manufacturers emerge.

About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.[3] In the opinion of some, urban transport systems based around the car have proved unsustainable, consuming excessive energy, affecting the health of populations, and delivering a declining level of service despite increasing investments. Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars.[4][5] [6] The sustainable transport movement focuses on solutions to these problems.

History

The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 - from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back - that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event.

Soon after, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart in 1889 designed a vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors of the first motorcycle in 1886, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc (7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle;.[7]:p.26 Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.[7]:p.26

Crisis in the automotive industry

World motor vehicle production

By Year

Global Production of Motorvehicles

(cars and commercial vehicles)

Year Production Change Source
1997 52,987,000   [8]
1998 57,987,000 -2.70% [8]
1999 56,258,892 2.98% [9]
2000 58,374,162 3.80% [10]
2001 56,304,925 -3.50% [11]
2002 58,994,318 4.80% [12]
2003 60,663,225 2.80% [13]
2004 64,496,220 6.30% [14]
2005 66,482,439 3.10% [15]
2006 69,222,975 4.10% [16]
2007 73,266,061 5.80% [17]
2008 70,520,493 -3.70% [18]
2009 60,986,985 -13.50% [19]

By Country

Motor vehicle production (units)
Country 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 9,000,000 10,000,000 11,000,000 12,000,000 13,000,000 14,000,000
 China 13,790,994
 Japan 7,934,516
 United States 5,711,823
 Germany 5,209,857
 South Korea 3,512,916
 Brazil 3,182,617
 India 2,632,694
 Spain 2,170,078
 France 2,049,762
 Mexico 1,557,290
 Canada 1,489,651
 Iran 1,395,421
 UK 1,090,139
 Czech Rep. 974,569
 Thailand 968,305
 Poland 879,186
 Turkey 869,605
 Italy 843,239
 Russia 722,431
 Belgium 522,810
Reference: "Production Statistics". OICA. http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/. Retrieved 2010-04-26. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

By Manufacturer

Total motor vehicle production
Group 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 9,000,000 10,000,000
Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Heavy Commercial Vehicles Heavy Buses
Toyota 7,234,439
GM 6,459,053
Volkswagen 6,067,208
Ford 4,685,394
Hyundai Kia 4,645,776
PSA 3,042,311
Honda 3,012,637
Nissan 2,744,562
Fiat 2,460,222
Suzuki 2,387,537
Renault 2,296,009
Daimler AG 1,447,953
Chana Automobile 1,425,777
BMW 1,258,417
Mazda 984,520
Chrysler 959,070
Mitsubishi 802,463
Beijing Automotive 684,534
Tata 672,045
Dongfeng Motor 663,262
FAW 650,275
Chery 508,567
Fuji 491,352
BYD 427,732
SAIC 347,598
Anhui Jianghuai 336,979
Geely 330,275
Isuzu 316,335
Brilliance 314,189
AvtoVAZ 294,737
Great Wall 226,560
Mahindra 223,065
Shangdong Kaima 169,023
Proton 152,965
China National 120,930
Volvo 105,873
Chongqing Lifan 104,434
Fujian Motor Industry Group 103,171
Kuozui 93,303
Shannxi Auto 79,026
Porsche 75,637
Ziyang Nanjun 72,470
GAZ 69,591
Navistar 65,364
Guangzhou Auto 62,990
Paccar 58,918
Chenzhou Ji'ao 51,008
Qingling Motor 50,120
Hebei Zhongxing 48,173
Ashok Leyland 47,694
Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Heavy Commercial Vehicles Heavy Buses
Total: 60,499,159 Cars: 51,075,480 LCV: 7,817,520 HCV: 1,305,755 Heavy Bus: 300,404
Reference: "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer: World ranking of manufacturers 2009". OICA. July 2010. http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/ranking-2009.pdf. 

Company relationships

It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.

Notable current relationships include:

Top vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)

The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2009 end of year production figures from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)[21] for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque. Joint ventures are not reflected in this table. Production figures of joint ventures are typically included in OICA rankings, which can become a source of controversy.[22][23]

Marque Country of origin Ownership Markets
1. Toyota Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Daihatsu Japan Subsidiary Global, except North America and Australia
Hino Japan Subsidiary Asia Pacific, North America and South America
Lexus Japan Division Global
Scion United States Division North America
Toyota Japan Division Global
2. General Motors Company ( United States)
Buick United States Division North America, Middle East, East Asia
Cadillac United States Division Global, except South America, South Asia, South East Asia, Pacific
Chevrolet United States Division Global, except Australia, New Zealand, South Korea
Daewoo South Korea Subsidiary South Korea
GMC United States Division North America, Middle East
Holden Australia Subsidiary Australia, New Zealand, Japan
Opel Germany Subsidiary Europe (except UK), Russia, South Africa, Asia
Vauxhall United Kingdom Subsidiary United Kingdom
3. Volkswagen Group AG ( Germany)
Audi Germany Subsidiary Global
Bentley United Kingdom Subsidiary Global
Bugatti France Subsidiary Global
Lamborghini Italy Subsidiary Global
Scania Sweden Subsidiary Global
SEAT Spain Subsidiary Europe, South America, North Africa, Middle East
Škoda Czech Republic Subsidiary Global, except North America and South Africa
Volkswagen Germany Subsidiary Global
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Germany Subsidiary Global
4. Ford Motor Company ( United States)
Ford United States Division Global
Lincoln United States Division North America, Middle East, South Korea, Japan
Mercury** United States Division North America, Middle East
Troller Brazil Subsidiary South America and Africa
5. Hyundai Motor Company ( South Korea)
Hyundai South Korea Division Global
Kia South Korea Division Global
6. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. ( France)
Citroën France Subsidiary Global, except North America, South Asia
Peugeot France Subsidiary Global, except North America, South Asia
7. Honda Motor Company ( Japan)
Acura Japan Division North America, East Asia, Russia
Honda Japan Division Global
8. Nissan Motor Company ( Japan)
Infiniti Japan Division Global, except South America and Africa
Nissan Japan Division Global
9. Fiat S.p.A. ( Italy)
Abarth Italy Subsidiary Global, except North America
Alfa Romeo Italy Subsidiary Global
Ferrari Italy Subsidiary Global
Fiat Italy Subsidiary Global
Fiat Professional Italy Subsidiary Global, except North America
Irisbus France Subsidiary Global, except North America
Iveco Italy Subsidiary Global, except North America
Lancia Italy Subsidiary Europe
Maserati Italy Subsidiary Global
10. Suzuki Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Maruti Suzuki India Subsidiary India, Middle East, South America
Suzuki Japan Division Global
11. Renault S.A. ( France)
Dacia Romania Subsidiary Europe, Latin America, Asia, Africa
Renault (cars) France Division Global, except North America, South Asia
Renault Samsung South Korea Subsidiary Asia, South America
12. Daimler AG ( Germany)
Freightliner United States Subsidiary North America, South Africa
Master Pakistan Subsidiary Pakistan
Maybach Germany Division Global
Mercedes-Benz Germany Division Global
Mitsubishi Fuso Japan Subsidiary Global
Orion Canada Subsidiary North America
Setra Germany Subsidiary Europe
Smart Germany Division North America, Europe, South East Asia, South Africa
Thomas Built United States Subsidiary North America
Western Star United States Subsidiary North America
13. Chana Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Chana People's Republic of China Division China, South Africa
Hafei People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
14. BMW AG ( Germany)
BMW Germany Division Global
MINI United Kingdom Division Global
Rolls-Royce United Kingdom Subsidiary Global
15. Mazda Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Mazda Japan Division Global
16. Chrysler Group, LLC ( United States)
Chrysler United States Division Global
Dodge United States Division Global
GEM United States Division North America
Jeep United States Division Global
Ram United States Division North America
17. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation ( Japan)
Mitsubishi Japan Division Global
18. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
BAW People's Republic of China Division China
Foton People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
19. Tata Motors, Ltd ( India)
Hispano Spain Subsidiary Europe
Jaguar United Kingdom Subsidiary Global
Land Rover United Kingdom Subsidiary Global
Tata India Division India, South Africa
Tata Daewoo South Korea Subsidiary South Korea
20. Dongfeng Motor Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
Dongfeng People's Republic of China Division China
21. First Automotive Group Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
Besturn People's Republic of China Division China
Freewind People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
Haima People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
Hongqi People's Republic of China Division China
Jiaxing People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
Vita People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
Xiali People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
22. Chery Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Chery People's Republic of China Division China, Africa, South East Asia, Russia
Riich People's Republic of China Division China
Rely People's Republic of China Division China
23. Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd ( Japan)
Subaru Japan Division Global
24. BYD Auto ( People's Republic of China)
BYD People's Republic of China Division China, Russia
25. Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
MG United Kingdom Subsidiary United Kingdom, Chile, Argentina
SsangYong*** South Korea Subsidiary South Korea
Roewe People's Republic of China Division China
Soyat People's Republic of China Division China
Yuejin People's Republic of China Division China
26. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
JAC People's Republic of China Division China
27. Geely Automobile ( People's Republic of China)
Geely People's Republic of China Division China, Russia, North Africa
Maple People's Republic of China Division China
Volvo (Cars) Sweden Subsidiary Global
28. Isuzu Motors, Ltd ( Japan)
Isuzu Japan Division Global, except North America
29. Brilliance China Automotive Holding, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Brilliance People's Republic of China Division China, North Africa
Jinbei People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
30. OAO AvtoVAZ ( Russia)
Lada Russia Division Russia, Europe, North Africa
VAZ Russia Division Russia, Europe
31. Great Wall Motor Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Great Wall People's Republic of China Division China, South Africa, Russia, North Africa, Australia
32. Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd ( India)
Mahindra India Division India, South East Asia, Europe, North Africa, North America
33. Shandong Kaima ( China)
Kaima People's Republic of China Division China
Jubao People's Republic of China Division China
Aofeng People's Republic of China Division China
34. Proton Holdings, Bhd ( Malaysia)
Proton Malaysia Division Asia Pacific, South Africa, United Kingdom, Middle East
Lotus United Kingdom Subsidiary Global
35. China National Heavy Duty Truck Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Sinotruk Hong Kong Division China
36. AB Volvo ( Sweden)
Mack United States Subsidiary Global
Nissan Diesel Japan Subsidiary Global
NovaBus Canada Subsidiary North America
Prevost Canada Subsidiary North America
Renault (trucks) France Subsidiary Global
Volvo (trucks) Sweden Division Global
37. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Lifan People's Republic of China Division China
38. Fujian Motor Industry Group Company ( People's Republic of China)
Soueast People's Republic of China Division China
39. Kuozui Motors, Ltd ( Taiwan)
Kuozui Republic of China Subsidiary Taiwan
40. Shaanxi Automobile Group Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Shaanxi People's Republic of China Division China
41. Porsche ( Germany)
Porsche Germany Subsidiary Global
42. Ziyang Nanjun Automobile Co., Ltd. ( People's Republic of China)
Nanjun People's Republic of China Division China
43. GAZ Group ( Russia)
GAZ Russia Subsidiary Russia
KAvz Russia Subsidiary Russia
LiAZ Russia Subsidiary Russia
Ural Russia Division Russia
44. Navistar International Corporation ( United States)
IC United States Subsidiary North America
International United States Division North America, South Asia
45. Guangzhou Automobile Group ( China)
Changfeng People's Republic of China Division China
46. Paccar, Inc ( United States)
DAF Netherlands Subsidiary Global, except North America
Kenworth United States Division North America
Leyland United Kingdom Subsidiary Europe
Peterbilt United States Division North America
47. Chenzhou Ji'ao ( China)
Ji'ao People's Republic of China Division China
48. Qingling Motors Company Ltd. ( China)
Qingling People's Republic of China Division China
49. Hebei ZXAUTO ( China)
Zhongxing People's Republic of China Division China
50. Ashok Leyland ( India)
Ashok Leyland India Division India

Notes

* Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.7 percent share in the Volkswagen Group.[24] However, Volkswagen Group will acquire Porsche AG, the automotive manufacturer under a new "Integrated Automotive Group". This merger/acquisition is expected to be fully completed in mid-2011.[25][26]

** Ford Motor Company has announced that the production of Mercury Automobiles will cease in 2010.[27]

*** Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation is in the process of selling SsangYong Motor Company to Mahindra & Mahindra.

Minor automotive manufacturers

There are many automobile manufacturers other than the major global companies. They are mostly regional or operating in niche markets.

See also

  • Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
  • Automotive industry by country
  • Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2009
  • Automotive market
  • Big Three automobile manufacturers
  • Effects of the 2008-2009 automotive industry crisis on the United States
  • List of countries by motor vehicle production

References

  1. ↑ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2007-statistics/
  2. ↑ http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/car-sales-around-the-world-in-2009-mostly-down/
  3. ↑ Plunkett Research, "Automobile Industry Introduction" (2008)
  4. ↑ Kenworthy, J R (2004). "Transport Energy Use and Greenhouse Emissions in Urban Passenger Transport Systems" (PDF). Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy. http://cst.uwinnipeg.ca/documents/Transport_Greenhouse.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-22. 
  5. ↑ World Health Organisation, Europe. "Health effects of transport". http://www.euro.who.int/transport/hia/20021009_2. Retrieved 2008-08-29. 
  6. ↑ Social Exclusion Unit, Office of the Prime Minister (UK). "Making the Connections - final report on transport and social exclusion" (PDF). http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carplus.org.uk%2FResources%2Fpdf%2FMaking_the_Connections_Final_Report_on_Transport_and_Social_Exclusion.pdf&ei=SzLBSbDFKYHaMbvwgK0N&usg=AFQjCNFCbKeT7rQ0zt7aOL5K-1OTXBm9EA&sig2=o-ASe9xe84uOEJTQt-DxuQ. Retrieved 2003-02-01. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Georgano, G. N. Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/cl98type.pdf
  9. ↑ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/1999-statistics/
  10. ↑ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2000-statistics/
  11. ↑ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2001-statistics/
  12. ↑ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2002-statistics/
  13. ↑ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2003-statistics/
  14. ↑ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2004-statistics/
  15. ↑ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2005-statistics/
  16. ↑ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2006-statistics/
  17. ↑ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2007-statistics/
  18. ↑ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2008-statistics/
  19. ↑ http://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/
  20. ↑ http://previous.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=114593&sectionid=351020102
  21. ↑ "World Motor Vehicle Production: World Ranking of Manufacturers 2009" (PDF). OICA. http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/ranking-2009.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-27. 
  22. ↑ "GM Slips to Number Two Worldwide, Ford to Fourth". The Truth About Cars. http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/gm-slips-to-number-two-worldwide-ford-to-fourth/. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  23. ↑ "TTAC Announces World’s Top Ten Automakers". The Truth About Cars. http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/ttac-announces-world%E2%80%99s-top-ten-automakers/. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  24. ↑ "Volkswagen Group - Shareholder Structure". Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. VolkswagenAG.com. http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/content/en/investor_relations/share/Shareholder_Structure.html. Retrieved 22 December 2009. 
  25. ↑ Porsche Automobil Holding SE, Stuttgart (20 November 2009). "Porsche Supervisory Board agrees on the contracts of implementation". Press release. http://www.porsche-se.com/pho/en/news/?pool=pho&id=2009-11-20. Retrieved 22 November 2009. 
  26. ↑ Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft (13 August 2009). "Volkswagen Supervisory Board approves Comprehensive Agreement for an Integrated Automotive Group with Porsche". Press release. http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/news/2009/08/Volkswagen_Aufsichtsrat_stimmt_Grundlagenvereinbarung_fuer.html. Retrieved 22 November 2009. 
  27. ↑ "Mercury production to end this year - The Boston Globe". Boston.com. 2010-06-03. http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2010/06/03/mercury_production_to_end_this_year/. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 

Pioneer Auto Compaines 1897-1904; N.Y.S.

External links