Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
| Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences | |
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 Headquarters building |
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| Abbreviation | AMPAS |
| Formation | May 11, 1927 |
| Type | Film organization |
| Headquarters | Beverly Hills, California, USA |
| Location | 8949 Wilshire Boulevard Beverly Hills, California 90211 |
| Membership | over 6,000 |
| President | Tom Sherak |
| Website | www.oscars.org |
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) is a professional honorary organization dedicated to the advancement of the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academy's corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors, which includes representatives from each of the craft branches.
The Academy is composed of over 6,000 motion picture professionals. While the great majority of its members are based in the United States, membership is open to qualified filmmakers around the world.
The Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards, informally known as the "Oscars". In addition, the Academy gives Student Academy Awards annually to filmmakers at the undergraduate and graduate level; awards up to five Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting annually; and operates the Margaret Herrick Library (at the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study) in Beverly Hills, California and the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.
The current president of the Academy is Tom Sherak.[1]
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History
The notion of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) began with Louis B. Mayer, head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). He wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes and improve the industry’s image. So, on a Sunday evening, Mayer and three other studio big-wigs - actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo, and the head of the Association of Motion Picture Producers, Fred Beetson - sat down and discussed these matters. The idea of this elite club having an annual banquet was tossed around, but there was no mention of awards just yet. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry: actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers.[2]
After their brief meeting, Mayer gathered up a group of thirty-six people involved in the film industry and invited them to a formal banquet at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles on January 11, 1927. [3] That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and it was open to those who had contributed to the motion picture industry. Everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy. It wasn’t until later, when Mayer’s lawyers wrote up the charter, did the name change to "Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences". [2]
Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy. As one of his first acts, he added an activity of bestowing “awards of merit for distinctive achievement.” No one back then saw it as more than just an award. However, they were on the brink of forming something historical. A year later the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began.[4] This "award of merit for distinctive achievement" is what we know now as the Academy Award.
In 1929, the Academy, in a joint venture with the University of Southern California, created America's first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures. The School’s founding faculty included Fairbanks (President of the Academy), D. W. Griffith, William C. deMille, Ernst Lubitsch, Irving Thalberg, and Darryl F. Zanuck.
Galleries & theaters
The Academy’s numerous and diverse operations are housed in three facilities in the Los Angeles area: the headquarters building in Beverly Hills, which was constructed specifically for the Academy, and two Centers for Motion Picture Study – one in Beverly Hills, the other in Hollywood – which were existing structures restored and transformed to contain the Academy’s Library, Film Archive and other departments and programs.
The Academy's main building in Beverly Hills houses two galleries that are open free to the public. The Grand Lobby Gallery and the Fourth Floor Gallery offer changing exhibits related to films, film-making and film personalities.
The Samuel Goldwyn Theater seats 1,012, and was designed to present films at maximum technical accuracy, with state-of-the-art projection equipment and sound system. Located in the headquarters building, the theater is busy year-round with the Academy's public programming, members-only screenings, movie premieres and other special activities (including the live television broadcast of the Academy Awards nominations announcement every January).
The Academy Little Theater is a 67-seat screening facility also located at the Academy's headquarters in Beverly Hills.
The Linwood Dunn Theater is located at the Academy’s Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in Hollywood and seats 286 people.
There is also a theater for New York-based Academy events, Academy Theater at Lighthouse International.
Membership
Membership in the Academy is by invitation only. Invitation comes from the Board of Governors. Membership eligibility may be achieved by earning a competitive Oscar nomination or an existing member may submit a name based on other significant contribution to the field of motion pictures.
New membership proposals are considered annually. The Academy does not publicly disclose its full membership, although press releases have announced the names of those who have recently been invited to join.
Academy membership is divided into 15 branches, representing different disciplines in motion pictures. Members may not belong to more than one branch. Members whose work does not fall within one of the branches may belong to a group known as "Members At Large." Members at Large have all the privileges of branch membership except for representation on the Board. Associate members are those closely allied to the industry but not actively engaged in motion picture production. They are not represented on the Board and do not vote on Academy Awards.
Academy Branches
- Actors
- Art Directors
- Cinematographers
- Directors
- Documentary
- Executives
- Film Editors
- Makeup Artists & Hairstylists
- Music
- Producers
- Public Relations
- Short Films and Feature Animation
- Sound
- Visual Effects
- Writers
Original 36 founders of the Academy
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Actors
Directors
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Lawyers
Producers
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Technicians
Writers
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Presidents of the Academy
Presidents are elected for one-year terms and may not be elected for more than four consecutive terms.
- Douglas Fairbanks 1927–1929
- William C. deMille 1929–1931
- M. C. Levee 1931–1932
- Conrad Nagel 1932–1933
- J. Theodore Reed 1933–1934
- Frank Lloyd 1934–1935
- Frank Capra 1935–1939
- Walter Wanger 1939–1941, 1941–1945
- Bette Davis 1941 (resigned after two months)
- Jean Hersholt 1945–1949
- Charles Brackett 1949–1955
- George Seaton 1955–1958
- George Stevens 1958–1959
- B. B. Kahane 1959–1960 (died)
- Valentine Davies 1960–1961 (died)
- Wendell Corey 1961–1963
- Arthur Freed 1963–1967
- Gregory Peck 1967–1970
- Daniel Taradash 1970–1973
- Walter Mirisch 1973–1977
- Howard W. Koch 1977–1979
- Fay Kanin 1979–1983
- Gene Allen 1983–1985
- Robert Wise 1985–1988
- Richard Kahn 1988–1989
- Karl Malden 1989–1992
- Robert Rehme 1992–1993, 1997–2001
- Arthur Hiller 1993–1997
- Frank Pierson 2001–2005
- Sid Ganis 2005–2009
- Tom Sherak 2009–present
Current administration of the Academy
Academy Officers 2009–2010
- President – Tom Sherak
- First Vice President – Tom Hanks
- Vice President – Kathleen Kennedy
- Vice President – Phil Alden Robinson
- Treasurer – Hawk Koch
- Secretary – John Lasseter
- Executive Director – Bruce Davis
Board of Governors 2009–2010
- Dede Allen
- Craig Barron
- Curt Behlmer
- Carl Bell
- Annette Bening
- James D. Bissell
- Rosemary Brandenburg
- James L. Brooks
- Bruce Broughton
- Donn Cambern
- Martha Coolidge
- Caleb Deschanel
- Richard Edlund
- Leonard Engelman
- Rob Epstein
- Charles Fox
- Robert G. Friedman
- Sid Ganis
- Jim Gianopulos
- Mark Goldblatt
- Don Hall
- Arthur Hamilton
- Tom Hanks
- Curtis Hanson
- Mark Johnson
- Kathleen Kennedy
- Hawk Koch
- Bill Kroyer
- Jeffrey Kurland
- John Lasseter
- Marvin Levy
- Lynne Littman
- Kevin O'Connell
- Richard Pearce
- Frank Pierson
- Robert Rehme
- Phil Robinson
- Owen Roizman
- Tom Sherak
- Bill Taylor
- Henry Winkler
- Vilmos Zsigmond
- Edward Zwick
Governors By Branch
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See also
- Academy Awards
- Academy Film Archive
Not to be confused with...
- Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Argentina Awards
- Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- American Film Institute
- Motion Picture Association of America
Notes and references
External links
- Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
- The Official Academy Awards Database of Winners and Nominees
- Margaret Herrick Library
- Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study - Academy Film Archive
- The Oscars at YouTube (operated by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)
- Hollywood Is A Union Town, The Nation, 2 April 1938, history of the Academy and Screen Actors Guild
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