Airbus A330
| Airbus A330 | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Northwest Airlines A330-300 | |
| Role | Wide-body jet airliner |
| Manufacturer | Airbus |
| First flight | 2 November 1992 |
| Introduced | January 1994 with Air Inter |
| Primary users | Cathay Pacific Delta Air Lines Qatar Airways Emirates |
| Number built | 710 as of 31 July 2010[1] |
| Unit cost | A330-200: US$170.9 to $200.8m (2008)[2] A330-300: $195.9 to $205.7m (2008)[3] A330-200F: $180.6 to $187.7m (2008)[3] |
| Developed from | Airbus A340 |
| Variants | Airbus A330 MRTT Northrop Grumman KC-45 |
The Airbus A330 is a large-capacity, wide-body, twin-engine, medium-to-long-range commercial passenger airliner. Built at Toulouse in France by Airbus, over 700 units have been delivered.
First flown in 1992, the A330 was developed at the same time as the four-engined Airbus A340, and was designed with common fuselage and wing components. The first variant (series 300) was delivered to Air Inter in 1994 and was followed by the slightly shorter series 200.[4] This has been followed by dedicated freighter and tanker variants.
Contents |
Design and development
Background
In the 1970s, Airbus was considering a larger derivative of the A300, the B9 and the smaller B10. The B9 was a stretched fuselage version of the A300B2. The B10 was a shortened fuselage version of the A300B2, and went on to become the A310. During the 1970s and into the 1980s, the availability of more powerful engines led Airbus to study even larger four and twin-engine designs.[5]
Programme launch
The A330 and A340 programs were jointly launched in November 1987.[4] Airlines purchased it to replace the McDonnell Douglas DC-10. The A330 is 38% more fuel efficient than the DC-10.[6]
Airbus intended the A330 to compete directly in the ETOPS (Extended-range Twin-engine Operation Performance Standards) market, specifically with the Boeing 767. In November 2009 the A330 became the first aircraft to receive ETOPS-240 approval, which is now offered by Airbus as an option.[7]
The A330's fuselage and wings are virtually identical to those of the smaller A340 variants, although it has different engines. The A330 basic fuselage design is inherited from the Airbus A300, and the nose/cockpit section and the fly-by-wire system and flightdeck are inherited from the A320. Both the A330 and A340 are assembled on the same final assembly line at Toulouse-Blagnac, France.
By the end of November 2009 a total of 1,035 A330s have been ordered and 654 delivered.[1] The 1,000 milestone was passed with orders from the 2008 Farnborough Air Show. The largest operators of the A330 are Delta Air Lines and Cathay Pacific with 32 aircraft in service each. Airbus expects the A330 to continue selling until at least 2015.[8]
Variants
There are two main variants of the A330. The A330-300 was launched in 1987 with entry into service in 1994. The A330-200 was launched in 1995, introduced in 1998 with passenger, freighter and tanker (Airbus A330 MRTT) variants available.
A330-200
The A330-200 was developed to compete with the Boeing 767-300ER. The A330-200 is similar to the A340-200 and a shortened version of the A330-300. With poor sales of the A340-200 (of which only 28 were built), Airbus decided to use the fuselage of the A340-200 with the wings and engines of the A330-300. This significantly improved the economics of the plane and made the model more popular than the four-engined variant.
Its vertical fin is taller than that of the A330-300 to restore its effectiveness due to the shorter moment arm of the shorter fuselage. It has additional fuel capacity and, like the A330-300, has a Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) of 233 tonnes. Typical range with 253 passengers in a three-class configuration is 12,500 km (6,750 nautical miles).
Power is provided by two General Electric CF6-80E, Pratt & Whitney PW4000 or Rolls-Royce Trent 700 gas turbine engines. First customer deliveries, to ILFC/Canada 3000, were in April 1998.
The A330-200 is available as an ultra-long range corporate-jet by Airbus Executive and Private Aviation. The Boeing equivalent is currently the 767-300ER and in the future will be the 787-8.
- Timeline
- First Flight: August 13, 1997 (msn 181) (General Electric CF6-80E1A2 powered aircraft).
- Certification (JAA): March 31, 1998 (GE CF6-80E1A2 powered aircraft).
- Certification (FAA): March 31, 1993 (GE CF6-80E1A2 powered aircraft).
- First Delivery: April 29, 1998 Canada 3000 (msn 211).
A330-200HGW
In May 2009, Airbus released plans for a higher gross weight version of the A330-200 to more effectively compete against the Boeing 787-8. This new version will have a 238 t MTOW and its new range will be up to 7,200 nmi (13,300 km). The new-build A330-200HGW will have the option of an extra 3.4 tonnes of payload or an additional 330 nm range over the standard 233 tonnes A330-200s. Airbus believes the first 20 787-8s will have a 219.5 t MTOW and be limited to a 6,720 nmi (12,450 km) range, around 1,000 nmi (1,900 km) less than the figures published by Boeing.[9] Korean Air became the first customer on 27 February 2009, ordering six with deliveries starting in 2010.[10]
A330-200F
Due to flagging A300-600F and A310F sales, Airbus began marketing a freighter derivative of the A330-200 around 2000-2001, although it was not launched at that time.[11] The A330-200F re-emerged at the 2006 Farnborough Airshow and received its industrial go-ahead in January 2007. The first A330-200F has been rolled out in Toulouse on October 20, 2009. The first flight was on November 5, 2009.
The A330-200F is a mid-size, long-haul all-cargo aircraft capable of carrying 64 tonnes over 4,000 NM / 7,400 km, or 70 tonnes up to 3,200 NM / 5,930 km. It introduces a new versatile main-deck cargo loading system that is able to accommodate both pallets and containers. Several different arrangements are possible on the main deck, taking up to 23 (88 in x 125 in ) Side-by-Side (SBS) pallets, aimed at the high volume, high value commodities or an optional, requiring the installation of optional secondary structure, Single Row (SR) loading of 16 pallets (96 in x 96 in x 125 in SR pallets) and/or nine AMA containers aimed at the general cargo higher density markets.
To overcome the standard A330's nose-down body angle on the ground, the A330F uses a revised nose landing gear layout. The same A330-200 leg is used, however its attachment points are lower in the fuselage, requiring a distinctive blister fairing on the nose to accommodate the retracted nose-gear. This provides a level deck for cargo loading.[12] Power is provided by two Pratt & Whitney PW4000 or Rolls-Royce Trent 700 engines. General Electric does not plan to offer a powerplant for the A330-200F.[13]
As well as new-build freighters, Airbus has proposed passenger-to-freighter conversions of existing A330-200 airliners.[14]
As of 31 May 2010, Airbus had 64 firm orders from nine customers: Aircastle (3), BOC Aviation (5), Etihad Airways (2), Flyington Freighters (12), Intrepid Aviation Group (20), MatlinPatterson (6), Malaysia Airlines (2), MNG Airlines (4), OH, Avion LLC (8) and Turkish Airlines (2). Additionally ACT Airlines has signed an MOU for 2 aircraft.[15] The first delivery was to Etihad Crystal Cargo in August 2010.[16]
Comparable freighters include Boeing's 767-300F & 777F, Lockheed's L-1011 Tristar (after conversion) and McDonnell Douglas' DC-10F & MD-11F.
- Timeline [2]
- Roll-out: October 20, 2009 (A330-223F msn 1004 Pratt & Whitney 4170 powered aircraft).
- First Flight: November 5, 2009 (msn 1004)
- Certification (EASA): April 9, 2010 (Pratt & Whitney 4170 and Rolls Royce Trent 772B-60).
- Certification (FAA): TBA.
- First Delivery: August 9, 2010 to Etihad Crystal Cargo (MSN 1032). [17]
A330-300
The A330-300, which entered service in 1993, was developed as replacement for the A300. It is based on a stretched A300-600 fuselage but with new wings, stabilisers and fly-by-wire systems.
The A330-300 carries 295 passengers in a three-class cabin layout (335 in 2 class and 440 in single class layout) over a range of 10,500 km (5,650 nautical miles). It has a large cargo capacity, comparable to early Boeing 747s.
It is powered by two General Electric CF6-80E, Pratt & Whitney PW4000 or Rolls-Royce Trent 700 engines, all of which are ETOPS-180 min rated. French domestic airline Air Inter was the launch customer for the aircraft.
The closest Boeing competitors are the Boeing 777-200 and, formerly, the McDonnell Douglas MD-11, which is no longer in production.
- Timeline
- Roll-out: October 14, 1992 (GE CF6-80E1A2 powered aircraft).
- First Flight: November 2, 1992 (msn 012).
- Certification (JAA): October 21, 1993 (GE CF6-80E1A2 powered aircraft).
- Certification (FAA): October 21, 1993 (GE CF6-80E1A2 powered aircraft).
- First Delivery: December 30, 1993 Air Inter (msn 037).
- Entry into service: January 17, 1994 Air Inter on Paris (Orly) and Marseille in a 412 seat configuration.
Tanker derivatives
A multi-role tanker and transport variant based on the series 200 was developed as the Airbus A330 MRTT. This was further developed as the Northrop Grumman KC-45, which won a United States Air Force order, which has since been cancelled.
- Airbus A330 MRTT
- The Multi-Role Transport and Tanker version (MRTT) of the A330-200 provides aerial refueling and strategic transport. To date it has been ordered by Australia, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and the UK.
- Northrop Grumman KC-45
- On 29 February 2008 the United States Air Force announced that an American assembled variant of the A330 MRTT, now designated KC-45A by the USAF, had been selected to replace the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker.[18] The replacement process has been mired in controversy, instances of corruption, and allegations of favouritism.[19][20][21][22] In July 2010 EADS submitted a tanker bid to the Air Force without Northrop Grumman as a U.S. partner.[23][24]
Operators
A330 deliveries
By the end of July 2010 a total of 1,092 aircraft of the A330 have been ordered (580 A330-200, 64 A330-200F and 448 A330-300) and 710 delivered (392 A330-200 and 318 A330-300).[1]
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 |
| 47 | 76 | 72 | 68 | 62 | 56 | 47 | 31 | 42 | 35 | 43 | 44 | 23 | 14 | 10 | 30 | 9 | 1 |
Accidents and incidents
As of 12 May 2010, the Airbus A330 has been involved in 13 incidents,[25] including three confirmed hull-loss accidents and three other losses, for a total of 338 fatalities.[26]
- Notable accidents and incidents
- On 30 June 1994, an A330 owned by Airbus on a test flight simulating an engine failure on takeoff crashed shortly after take-off from Toulouse, killing all seven on board.[27][28]
- On 15 March 2000, a 6-year-old Malaysia Airlines A330-300 aircraft was severely damaged by corrosive liquids that were being transported in the cargo hold on a passenger flight from Beijing to Kuala Lumpur. The corrosive liquid oxalyl chloride was mistakenly declared as non-toxic solid hydroxyquinoline. Eighteen canisters of the substance were transported via Kuala Lumpur intended to transit to Chennai. Five airport workers fell ill as they were unloading baggage from the aircraft at Kuala Lumpur after some of the canisters had leaked and chemicals spilled into the aircraft's cargo hold, resulting in extensive corrosion damage to the fuselage, wing box structure and landing gear. The aircraft was subsequently declared written-off.[29] On 12 June 2007, a court in Beijing ordered China National Chemical Construction Corp, the owner of the cargo, to pay US$65 million to Malaysia Airlines for the loss.[30]
- On 25 May 2000, Reginald Chua hijacked Philippine Airlines Flight 812, operated by an A330-300. After the aircraft was depressurized, the hijacker jumped out of the aircraft and was killed. All the other passengers and crew survived.[31]
- On 24 July 2001, two Sri Lankan Airlines A330-243s were destroyed on ground by an LTTE attack at Colombo's Bandaranaike International Airport, Sri Lanka, along with an Airbus A320-200, an Airbus A340-300 and a squadron of military aircraft. Another two planes, an A320 and an A340, were also damaged but were repaired.[32]
- On 24 August 2001, Air Transat Flight 236, an A330-200, performed the world's longest recorded glide with a jet airliner after suffering fuel exhaustion over the Atlantic Ocean. The A330 flew powerless for 30 minutes and covered 65 nautical miles (120 km) to an emergency landing in the Azores (Portugal). Some passengers had minor injures and the aircraft suffered some structural damage and blown tyres. The aircraft was repaired and returned to service with Air Transat.
- On 18 July 2003, B-HYA, a Dragonair A330-342 encountered severe turbulence associated with Tropical Depression Koni over the South China Sea, during the flight KA060 from Kota Kinabalu to Hong Kong. Twelve crew members and three passengers were injured, of whom two crew members sustained serious injuries, but there were no fatalities. The aircraft landed safely at Hong Kong International Airport.[33]
- On 7 October 2008, VH-QPA, an A330-303 operating Qantas Flight 72, suffered a rapid loss of altitude in two sudden uncommanded pitch down manoeuvres, causing serious injuries while 80 nautical miles (150 km) from Learmonth, Australia. After declaring an emergency, the aircraft landed safely at Learmonth. A total of 106 people onboard the Airbus A330 were injured, 14 seriously. A year after the incident Qantas still does not know what caused the critical computer malfunction.[34]
- On 1 June 2009, Air France Flight 447, an Airbus A330-203 en route from Rio de Janeiro to Paris with 228 people on board, was lost over the Atlantic Ocean.[35] The aircraft crashed in the Atlantic Ocean 400–500 miles northeast of the islands of Fernando de Noronha. All 228 passengers and crew were killed. Malfunctioning pitot tubes provided an early focus for the investigation.[36]
- On 25 December 2009, a passenger on Northwest Airlines Flight 253, an Airbus A330-300,[37] attempted to detonate explosives in his underwear while the flight was in the air. Passengers and crew subdued the perpetrator, Umar Farouk Abdulmuttalab.[38]
- On 13 April 2010, Cathay Pacific Flight 780, an Airbus A330-300 from Surabaya, Indonesia made an emergency landing at Hong Kong International Airport due to dual engine problem. Several tires deflated as the aircraft landed at high speed with severe braking.[39] On board the flight were 309 passengers and 13 crew. Eight passengers were injured.[40][41] The preliminary incident report suggests that contamination of the fuel loaded at Surabaya caused the engine throttles to jam. [42]
- On 27 April 2010, Delta Air Lines Flight 273, an Airbus A330-300 from Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport to Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport was diverted to Bangor International Airport[43] after a passenger, Derek Stansberry, a 26-year-old former Air Force intelligence specialist of Riverview, Florida, said he had a fake passport and explosives. The aircraft landed at Bangor and was boarded by Federal Agents who detained Derek Stansberry. The agents confirmed that his passport was real, and that there were no explosives onboard.[44]
- On 12 May 2010, Afriqiyah Airways Flight 771, an Airbus A330-202, crashed on approach to Tripoli International Airport, Libya on a flight from OR Tambo International Airport, Johannesburg, South Africa. 103 of 104 people on board were killed. A 9-year old Dutch boy survived.[45]
Specifications
| A330-200 | A330-200F | A330-300 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cockpit crew | Two | |||
| Seating capacity | 293 (2-class, typical) 253 (3-class, typical) |
70t cargo &
Up to 12 couriers [3] |
335 (2-class, typical) 295 (3-class, typical) |
|
| Length | 58.80 metres (192 ft 11 in) | 63.60 metres (208 ft 8 in) | ||
| Wingspan | 60.3 metres (197 ft 10 in) | |||
| Wing area | 361.6 square metres (3,892 sq ft) | |||
| Wing sweepback | 30° | |||
| Tail height | 17.40 metres (57 ft 1 in) | 16.90 metres (55 ft 5 in) | 16.85 metres (55 ft 3 in) | |
| Cabin width | 5.28 metres (17 ft 4 in) | |||
| Fuselage width | 5.64 metres (18 ft 6 in) | |||
| Cargo capacity | 19.7 cubic metres (700 cu ft) | 475 cubic metres (16,800 cu ft) | 19.7 cubic metres (700 cu ft) | |
| Operating empty weight (typical) | 119,600 kilograms (264,000 lb) | 109,000 kilograms (240,000 lb) | 124,500 kilograms (274,000 lb) | |
| Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) | 230,000 kilograms (510,000 lb) to 238,000 kilograms (520,000 lb) |
227,000 kilograms (500,000 lb) to 233,000 kilograms (510,000 lb) |
230,000 kilograms (510,000 lb) to 233,000 kilograms (510,000 lb) |
|
| Cruising speed | Mach 0.82 (871 km/h/537 mph at 11,000 m/36,000 ft) | |||
| Maximum speed | Mach 0.86 (913 km/h/563 mph at 11,000 m/36,000 ft) | |||
| Maximum range, fully loaded | 7,250 nautical miles (13,430 km; 8,340 mi) | 4,000 nautical miles (7,400 km; 4,600 mi) | 5,850 nautical miles (10,830 km; 6,730 mi) | |
| Takeoff run at MTOW | 2,220 metres (7,280 ft) | n/a | 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) | |
| Maximum fuel capacity | 139,090 litres (30,600 imp gal; 36,740 US gal) | 97,530 litres (21,450 imp gal; 25,760 US gal) | ||
| Service ceiling | 41,100 ft (12,527 m) | |||
| Engines (×2) | CF6-80E1 PW4000 RR Trent 700 |
PW4000 RR Trent 700 |
CF6-80E1 PW4000 RR Trent 700 |
|
| Thrust (×2) | 303–320 kilonewtons (68,000–72,000 lbf) | 303–316 kilonewtons (68,000–71,000 lbf) | 303–320 kilonewtons (68,000–72,000 lbf) | |
Sources: Airbus [46]
Engines
| Model | Date | Engines |
|---|---|---|
| A330-201 | 2003 | GE CF6-80E1A2 |
| A330-202 | 1998 | GE CF6-80E1A4 / CF6-80E1A4B |
| A330-203 | 2002 | GE CF6-80E1A3 |
| A330-221 | 1999 | PW4164 |
| A330-222 | 1999 | PW4168 |
| A330-223 | 1999 | PW4168A / PW4168A-1D / PW4168B / PW4170 |
| A330-223F | 2010 | PW4170 |
| A330-243 | 2000 | RR Trent 772B-60 |
| A330-243F | 2010 | RR Trent 772B-60 |
| A330-244 | 2007 | RR Trent 775-60 |
| A330-301 | 1993 | GE CF6-80E1A2 |
| A330-302 | 2007 | GE CF6-80E1A4 / CF6-80E1A4B |
| A330-303 | 2007 | GE CF6-80E1A3 |
| A330-321 | 1999 | PW4164 |
| A330-322 | 1999 | PW4168 |
| A330-323 | 1999 | PW4168A / PW4168A-1D / PW4168B / PW4170 |
| A330-341 | 2000 | RR Trent 768-60 |
| A330-342 | 2000 | RR Trent 772-60 |
| A330-343 | 2000 | RR Trent 772B-60 |
| A330-343 | 2007 | RR Trent 772C-60 |
See also
Related development
- Airbus A300
- Airbus A330 MRTT
- Airbus A340
- Northrop Grumman KC-45
Comparable aircraft
Related lists
- List of aircraft
- List of civil aircraft
- List of Airbus A330 operators
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Airbus orders & deliveries". Airbus S.A.S. http://www.airbus.com/odxml/orders_and_deliveries.xls.
- ↑ "Airbus Aircraft Range of 2008 List Prices" (PDF). Airbus S.A.S. http://www.airbus.com/store/mm_repository/pdf/att00011726/media_object_file_ListPrices2008.pdf. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kaminski-Morrow, David. "Airbus includes surcharge in 2008 catalogue prices". Flightglobal.com, 22 April 2008.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Frawley, Gerald. "Airbus A330-200". "Airbus A330-300". The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003/2004. Aerospace Publications, 2003. ISBN 1-875671-58-7.
- ↑ Norris and Wagner 2001, pp. 17–18, 22–27.
- ↑ "To Save Fuel, Airlines Find No Speck Too Small". New York Times, 11 June 2008.
- ↑ A330 is first airliner to be certified for ETOPS "beyond 180 minutes". Airbus
- ↑ http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aOFuFKLehXiA
- ↑ "New payload/range capability for the A330-200
- ↑ Korean Air orders six more A330-200s
- ↑ "Airbus aims to fill freighter void with A330 derivative." Flight International. 14 March 2006.
- ↑ Kingsley-Jones, Max. "First Airbus A330-200F shows off nose-gear blister fairing". Flight International, 4 August 2009.
- ↑ GE drops A330-200F plan and opens door to P&W
- ↑ "FARNBOROUGH: Qatar fires warning shot at Airbus over A330 conversions". http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/07/21/344898/farnborough-qatar-fires-warning-shot-at-airbus-over-a330.html. Retrieved 2010-07-21.
- ↑ "ACT Airlines commits for two A330 freighters." Airbus. 17 August 2006.
- ↑ "First A330-200 freighter delivered to Etihad". 2010-08-16. http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/first-a330-200-freighter-delivered-etihad-0813. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ "Air Force Awards Tanker Contract to Northrop Grumman."
- ↑ http://ca.reuters.com/article/businessNews/idCAN2861183920080302
- ↑ http://www.kwch.com/Global/story.asp?S=7985639
- ↑ http://www.defensereview.com/us-air-force-kc-x-aerial-refueling-tanker-program-controversy-defrev-opinion/
- ↑ http://www.captainsjournal.com/2008/05/07/developments-in-refueling-tanker-controversy/
- ↑ "EADS North America intends to submit proposal for U.S. Air Force tanker". EADS North America press release, April 20, 2010
- ↑ Trimble, Stephen. "USAF receives three proposals for KC-X, but Antonov team admits concerns". Flight International, 9 July 2010.
- ↑ Airbus A330 incidents. Aviation-Safety.net. Retrieved: 12 May 2010.
- ↑ Airbus A330 hull-losses. Aviation-Safety.net, 12 May 2010. Retrieved: 12 May 2010.
- ↑ 30 June 1994 accident summary. AirDisaster.com.
- ↑ Aviation Safety Network (2005). "Airbus A330-321 F-WWKH 30 June 1994 accident description". ASN Aviation Safety Database. Alexandria, Virginia: Flight Safety Foundation. http://www.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19940630-0. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
- ↑ "Chemical-damaged A330 is finally written off". Flight International, 27 March 2001.
- ↑ Ionides, Nicholas. "Chinese firm ordered to pay $65m over chemical-damaged MAS A330". Flightglobal.com, 6 December 2007.
- ↑ ""Brother says Philippine hijacker wanted to be a skydiver"". Associated Press. 2000-05-30. http://www.bangla2000.com/News/Archive/International/5-30-2000/news_detail4.html. Retrieved 2007-09-05.
- ↑ "ASN Aircraft accident description Airbus A.330-243 4R-ALF - Colombo-Bandaranayake Internation Airport". http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010724-1. Retrieved 2006-08-03.
- ↑ Hong Kong Civil Aviation Department B-HYA Accident Investigation report
- ↑ Australian Transport Safety Bureau (2008-10-08). "2008/40 - Qantas Airbus Incident Media Conference". Press release. http://www.atsb.gov.au/newsroom/2008/release/2008_40.aspx. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ↑ "Air France: No success in contacting missing A330". Flight International, Air Transport Intelligence news. 1 June 2009. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/06/01/327211/air-france-no-success-in-contacting-missing-a330.html. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
- ↑ "Bodies 'found' from missing plane". BBC News. 6 June 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8087303.stm. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
- ↑ Shane, Scott; Lipton, Eric (December 26, 2009). "Passengers Took Plane's Survival Into Own Hands". The New York Times Company. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/27/us/27plane.html. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ↑ E. Boudette, Neal; Pasztor, Andy; Spiegel, Peter (December 26, 2009). "Bomb Attempt Made on U.S.-Bound Flight". Dow Jones & Company, Inc. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB126184081273605825.html?mod=googlenews_wsj. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ↑ Kaminski-Morrow, David (14 April 2010). "Cathay A330 in high-energy landing had dual engine problem". Air Transport Intelligence. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/04/14/340635/cathay-a330-in-high-energy-landing-had-dual-engine-problem.html.
- ↑ Kaminski-Morrow, David (13 April 2010). "Injuries after Cathay A330 engine shuts down on approach". Air Transport Intelligence. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/04/13/340562/injuries-after-cathay-a330-engine-shuts-down-on-approach.html. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ↑ Tsang, Daniel (13 April 2010). "Cathay Pacific flight makes emergency landing in Hong Kong (Correct)". Airways Aviation News. http://www.airwaysaviationnews.com/2010/04/13/cathay-flight-makes-emergency-landing-in-hk/. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ↑ http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/08/11/346045/contaminated-fuel-prime-suspect-in-cathay-a330-throttle-jam.html
- ↑ http://edition.cnn.com/2010/TRAVEL/04/27/disruptive.passenger/index.html Officials: Suspect in diverted flight used to be in Air Force
- ↑ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/28/AR2010042800609.html No explosives found aboard jet diverted to Maine
- ↑ "Plane crash in Libya 'kills more than 100 on board'". BBC News. 2010-05-12. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8676758.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
- ↑ A330/340 Family Information, AIRBUS.
- Norris, Guy and Mark Wagner. Airbus A340 and A330. Osceola, WI: MBI Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-0889-6.
External links
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