1877
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1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1877
January–March
April–June
July–September
October–December
Undated
- Nineteenth Century magazine is founded.
- Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina is published complete in book form.
- A professionally led army of draftees crushes a major rebellion by feudal elements protesting the loss of their privileges in Japan.
Ongoing events
- Aceh War, Netherlands - colonial war in Aceh (aka Thirty Years War) (1873–1904).
- War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire (Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878), leading to the formation of Bulgaria in 1878 (see Russian Foreign Affairs after the Crimean War).
- Winter 1877–1878 - After the defeat of the Dungan revolt in China, several thousand refugees cross the Tian Shan to settle in the Russian Empire, thus starting the future "Soviet Dungan" ethnic group.
- Great North China Famine: ten million die (1876–1878).
- Famine and cholera in India: six million die (1876–1878).
Births
January–June
- January 2 – Slava Raskaj, Croatian painter (d. 1906)
- February 4 – Eddie Cochems, Father of the Forward Pass in American football (d. 1953)
- February 7 – G. H. Hardy, British mathematician (d. 1947)
- February 14 – Edmund Landau, German mathematician (d. 1938)
- February 17 – André Maginot, French politician (d. 1932)
- February 19 – Gabriele Münter, German painter (d. 1962)
- February 25 – Erich von Hornbostel, Austrian musicologist (d. 1935)
- March 2 – Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough (d. 1964)
- March 4
- Alexander Fyodorovich Gedike, Russian composer (d. 1957)
- Fritz Graebner, German ethnologist (d. 1934)
- Garrett Morgan, American inventor (d. 1963)
- March 16 – Reza Shah Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (d. 1944)
- March 18 – Edgar Cayce, American psychic (d. 1945)
- March 21 - Maurice Farman, French pilot and aircraft designer (d. 1964)
- March 25 – Walter Little, Canadian politician (d. 1961)
- March 29 – Alois Kayser, German missionary (d. 1944)
- May 3 – Karl Abraham, German psychoanalyst (d. 1925)
- May 23 – Grace Ingalls, youngest sister of author Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. 1941)
- June 4 – Heinrich Otto Wieland, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)
- June 7 – Charles Glover Barkla, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1944)
- June 11 – Renee Vivien, poet (d. 1909)
- June 14 – Jane Bathori, French opera singer (d. 1970)
July–December
- July 2 – Hermann Hesse, German-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
- July 3 – Shafiqah Shasha (شفيقة شعشع), Lebanese-Australian matriarch (d. 1953)
- July 6 – Arnaud Massy, French golfer (d. 1950)
- July 13 – Erik Scavenius, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1962)
- July 17 – Ernst von Dohnányi, Hungarian conductor (d. 1960)
- July 19 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
- August 1 – Charlotte Hughes (née Milburn), the longest-lived person ever documented in the United Kingdom (d. 1993)
- August 6 – Wallace H. White, Jr., U.S. Senator from Maine (d. 1952)Sam Follman wrestler(1993)
- August 7 – Ulrich Salchow, Swedish figure skater (d. 1949)
- August 15 – Stanley Vestal, American writer, poet, historian (d. 1957)
- August 22 – Ananda Coomaraswamy, philosopher (d. 1947)
- August 27 – Charles Rolls, co-founder of the Rolls-Royce car firm, pioneer aviator (d. 1910)
- August 27 – Ernst Wetter, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1963)
- September 1 – Francis William Aston, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1945)
- September 2 – Frederick Soddy, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1956)
- September 6 – Buddy Bolden, American jazz musician (d. 1930)
- September 26 – Alfred Cortot, Swiss pianist (d. 1962)
- October 4 – Razor Smith, English cricketer (d. 1946)
- October 15 - Helen Ware, American stage & film actress (d. 1939)
- October 27 – George Thompson, English cricketer (d. 1943)
- October 29 – Narcisa de Leon, Filipino film mogul (d. 1966)
- November 2 – Claire McDowell, American silent film actress (d. 1966)
- November 9 – Allama Iqbal, Indian philosopher, one of the profound founding fathers of the Muslims of India (d. 1938)
- November 15 – William Hope Hodgson, English author (d. 1918)
- November 22
- Endre Ady, Hungarian poet (d. 1919)
- Joan Gamper, Swiss-born businessman and founder of FC Barcelona (d. 1930)
- November 24 – Kavasji Jamshedji Petigara, Indian police commissioner of Bombay (d. 1941)
- December 3 – Richard Pearse, New Zealand airplane pioneer (d. 1953)
Deaths
- January 2 – Alexander Bain, Scottish inventor (b. 1811)
- January 4 – Cornelius Vanderbilt, American entrepreneur (b. 1794)
- January 20 - Dato Maharajalela Lela, Malay nationalist.
- March 1 – Antoni Patek, Polish watchmaker (b. 1811)
- March 24 – Walter Bagehot, British businessman, essayist and journalist (b. 1826)
- May 26 – Kido Takayoshi, Japanese statesman (b. 1833)
- June 3
- Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, Austrian musicologist (b. 1800)
- Sophie of Württemberg, queen consort of the Netherlands (b. 1818)
- July 27 – John Frost, British Chartist leader (b. 1784)
- August 8 – William Lovett, British Chartist leader (b. 1800)
- August 29 – Brigham Young, American Mormon leader (b. 1801)
- August 30 – Raphael Semmes, officer in the USN and the CSN (b.1809)
- September 2 – Constantine Kanaris, Greek politician (b. 1795)
- September 3 – Adolphe Thiers, French historian and politician (b. 1797)
- September 5 – Crazy Horse, Oglala Sioux chief (b. 1849)
- September 17 – William Fox Talbot, English photographer (b. 1800)
- September 24 – Saigō Takamori, samurai (b. 1827)
- October 3 – James Roosevelt Bayley, first Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, and the eighth Archbishop of Baltimore (b. 1814)
- October 16 – Theodore Barrière, French dramatist (b. 1823)
- October 29 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, American Confederate Civil War General
- November 2 – Friedrich Graf von Wrangel, Prussian field marshal (b. 1784)
- December 12 – José de Alencar, Brazilian novelist (b. 1829)
- December 31 – Gustave Courbet, French painter (b. 1819)
1877 in fiction
Further reading
- Michael A. Bellesiles. 1877: America's Year of Living Violently (New Press; 2010) 386 pages
References