1814
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
| Decades: | 1780s 1790s 1800s – 1810s – 1820s 1830s 1840s |
| Years: | 1811 1812 1813 – 1814 – 1815 1816 1817 |
| 1814 in topic: |
| Subjects: Archaeology – Architecture – |
| Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science |
| Sports – Rail Transport |
| Countries: Australia – Canada – China – France – Germany – Ireland – Mexico – Netherlands – New Zealand – Norway – South Africa – Spain – UK – USA |
| Leaders: State leaders – Colonial governors |
| Category: Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Births – Deaths – Works |
Year 1814 (MDCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
Contents |
Events of 1814
January–March
- January 14 – Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in exchange for west Pomerania, as part of the Treaty of Kiel.
- January 29 – Battle of Brienne: The French army of Emperor Napoleon I wins.
- January 31 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina.
- February – George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen represents Britain at the Congress of Chatillon.
- February 11 – Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union.
- February 12 – A fire destroys the Custom House in London.
- February 14 – Napoleon wins the Battle of Vauchamps.
- February 18 – Napoleon wins the Battle of Montereau.
- February 21 – Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814.
- March 7 – Napoleon wins the Battle of Craonne.
- March 9 – the USS Enterprise reaches Wilmington, North Carolina, returning from the Caribbean.
- March 10 – Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Laon in France.
- March 12 – Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême enters Bordeaux, marking the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty.
- March 27 – War of 1812 – Battle of Horseshoe Bend: In northern Alabama, United States forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek Indians.
- March 30 – Napoleonic Wars: Sixth Coalition forces march into Paris.
- March 31 – Anti-Napoleonic troops occupy Paris.
April–June
- April 6 – Emperor Napoleon abdicates; Louis XVIII becomes King of France.
- April 10 – the Duke of Wellington wins the Battle of Toulouse.
- April 12 – The Royal Norwegian Navy is re-established.
- May 3 – The Duke of Provence, the future Louis XVIII of France, returns to Paris.
- May 5 – British-American War (War of 1812): The British attack Fort Ontario at Oswego, New York.
- May 17 – The Constitution of Norway is signed and the Danish Crown Prince Christian Frederik is elected King of Norway by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly.
- May 17 – The occupation of Monaco changes from French to Austrian hands.
- May 30 – The First Treaty of Paris is signed returning France's borders to their 1792 extent. Napoleon I of France is exiled to Elba on the same day.
July–September
- July 5 – War of 1812 – Battle of Chippawa: American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippawa, Ontario.
- July 24 – War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara Falls, Ontario to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
- July 25
- George Stephenson tests his locomotive Blucher successfully.
- War of 1812 – Battle of Lundy's Lane : Reinforcements arrive near Niagara Falls, Ontario for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and a bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americans commences at 1800 hours; Americans retreat to Fort Erie.
- August 7 – Pope Pius VII decrees the bull Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum reestablishing the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia.
- August 12 – In England, the last hanging under the Black Act is carried out, of William Potter for cutting down an orchard (even the judge petitioned for reprieve).
- August 13 – The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 is signed.
- August 24 – War of 1812: British troops occupy Washington, D.C., setting numerous buildings on fire, including the Capitol.
- August 28 – Alexandria, Virginia offers surrender to the British fleet without a fight.
- September 11 – War of 1812 – Battle of Lake Champlain: An American squadron under Thomas MacDonough defeats the British squadron, ultimately forcing the invading army to retreat back into Canada.
- September 13 – War of 1812: The British bombard Fort McHenry at Baltimore. The British failure at the Battle of Baltimore is a turning point in the war, and the American defense of the fort inspires Francis Scott Key to compose the poem later set to music as The Star-Spangled Banner.
September 13: Bombardment of Fort McHenry.
October–December
- October – A large vat full of porter (beer) owned by Meux's Brewery of London bursts, demolishing houses and killing 9 people. See London Beer Flood.
- November 7 – War of 1812: Andrew Jackson seizes Pensacola, Florida.
- November – Congress of Vienna: The settling of the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire.
- December 15 – The Hartford Convention is convened by members of the American Federalist Party.
- December 24 – War of 1812: The Treaty of Ghent is signed, officially ending the war.
Undated
- Missionaries attempt to write down the Māori language.
- George Stephenson designs his first locomotive Blücher.
- Sir Walter Scott writes Waverley.
- Guyana is transferred from the Netherlands to Britain; it is renamed British Guiana.
Ongoing events
- Napoleonic Wars (1799–1815)–Peninsular War/War of the Sixth Coalition
- War of 1812 (1812–1815)
- Norway in 1814
Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1814 MDCCCXIV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2567 |
| Armenian calendar | 1263 ԹՎ ՌՄԿԳ |
| Bahá'í calendar | -30 – -29 |
| Bengali calendar | 1221 |
| Berber calendar | 2764 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2358 |
| Burmese calendar | 1176 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7322 – 7323 |
| Chinese calendar | 癸酉年十二月初十日 (4450/4510-12-10) — to —
甲戌年十一月二十日(4451/4511-11-20) |
| Coptic calendar | 1530 – 1531 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1806 – 1807 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5574 – 5575 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Bikram Samwat | 1870 – 1871 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1736 – 1737 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4915 – 4916 |
| Holocene calendar | 11814 |
| Iranian calendar | 1192 – 1193 |
| Islamic calendar | 1229 – 1230 |
| Japanese calendar | Bunka 11 (文化11年) |
| Korean calendar | 4147 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2357 |
January–June
- January 1 – Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebel (d. 1864)
- January 27 – Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, French architect (d. 1879)
- February 18 – Samuel Fenton Cary, American politician and temperance activist (d. 1900)
- March 9 – Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet, nationalist, and founder of the Ukrainian language (d. 1861)
- April 3 – Lorenzo Snow, fifth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1901)
- April 21 – Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts, English philanthropist (d. 1906)
- May 12 – Adolf von Henselt, German composer
- May 30 – Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist (d. 1876)
July–December
- July 19 – Samuel Colt, American gun maker (d. 1862)
- August 8 – Esther Morris, American suffragist and judge (d. 1902)
- August 10 – Henri Nestlé, German-born Swiss chocolate magnate (d. 1890)
- August 13 – Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist (d. 1874)
- August 23 – James Roosevelt Bayley, first Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, and the eighth Archbishop of Baltimore (d. 1877)
- August 28 – Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish writer (d. 1873)
- September 2 – Ernst Curtius, German archaeologist and historian (d. 1896)
- September 8 – Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer and historian (d. 1874)
- September 27 – Daniel Kirkwood, astronomer (d. 1895)
- October 4 – Jean-François Millet, French painter (d. 1875)
- October 7 – Susanna Dickinson, survivor of the Alamo
- October 15 – Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer (d. 1841)
- November 6 – Adolphe Sax, Belgian instrument maker and inventor (d. 1894)
- November 22 – Serranus Clinton Hastings, American politician (d. 1893)
- December 13 – Ana Néri, Brazilian nurse, matron of nursing in that country (d. 1880)
- Date unknown:
- Táhirih, Persian Bahá'í heroine
- Andrew Jackson Blackbird, (Mack-e-te-be-nessy), Blacksmith, interpreter, author, Indian advocate (d. 1908)
Other
- December 18 – Sarah Tittle Bolton née: Barrett, American poet (d. 4 August 1893)
Deaths
January–June
- January 7 – Ira Allen, founder of Vermont and leader of the Green Mountain Boys (born 1751)
- January 27
- Philip Astley, English circus promoter (born 1742)
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte, German philosopher (born 1762)
- March 26 – Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, French inventor (born 1738)
- April 1 – Joseph de Ferraris, Austrian cartographer of the Austrian Netherlands (born 1726)
- April 12 – Charles Burney, English music historian (born 1726)
- April 19 – Thomas Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Earl of Ailesbury, English earl (born 1729)
- May 5 – Abdullah I Al-Sabah, Kuwait ruler (born 1740)
- May 6 – Stephen Amherst, English cricketer (born 1750)
- May 27 – Ivan Akimov, Russian painter (born 1754)
- May 29 – Joséphine de Beauharnais, Empress of France (born 1763)
- June 14 – Antin Angelovych, Greek-Catholic metropolitan (born 1756)
July–December
- July 12 – William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, British general
- July 18 – Miles Peter Andrews, English playwright and legislator (born 1742)
- July 19 – Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of the coasts of Australia (b. 1774)
- August 21 – Antonio Carnicero, Spanish painter (b. 1748)
- August 21 – Benjamin Thompson, American physicist and inventor (b. 1753)
- August 28 – Erik Must Angell, Norwegian jurist and politician (born 1744)
- August 31 – Arthur Phillip, British admiral and first governor of New South Wales (b. 1738)
- September 8 – Maria Carolina of Austria, queen of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, and de facto ruler (b. 1752)
- October 19 – Mercy Otis Warren, American playwright (b. 1728)
- November 18 – Aleijadinho, Colonial Brazil-born sculptor and architect (b. 1730 or 1738)
- November 23 – Elbridge Gerry, 5th Vice President of the United States (b. 1744)
- December 2 – Donatien Alphonse Francois de Sade, French writer (b. 1740)
- December 13 – Charles-Joseph, 7th Prince of Ligne, Austrian field marshal (b. 1735)
- December 19 – Joseph Bramah, inventor of the hydraulic press (b. 1748)