1258
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1220s 1230s 1240s – 1250s – 1260s 1270s 1280s |
| Years: | 1255 1256 1257 – 1258 – 1259 1260 1261 |
| 1258 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1258 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1258 MCCLVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2011 |
| Armenian calendar | 707 ԹՎ ՉԷ |
| Bahá'í calendar | -586 – -585 |
| Bengali calendar | 665 |
| Berber calendar | 2208 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1802 |
| Burmese calendar | 620 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6766 – 6767 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁巳年十一月廿五日 (3894/3954-11-25) — to —
戊午年十二月初五日(3895/3955-12-5) |
| Coptic calendar | 974 – 975 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1250 – 1251 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5018 – 5019 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Bikram Samwat | 1314 – 1315 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1180 – 1181 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4359 – 4360 |
| Holocene calendar | 11258 |
| Iranian calendar | 636 – 637 |
| Islamic calendar | 655 – 656 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 3591 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1801 |
Contents |
Events
- January – One of the largest volcanic eruptions of the Holocene epoch occurs, possibly from a tropical location such as El Chichón, Mexico or Quilotoa, Ecuador.[1] Observed effects of the eruption include the following anecdotal accounts: dry fog in France; lunar eclipses in England; severe winter in Europe; a "harsh" spring in Northern Iceland; famine in England, Western Germany, France, and Northern Italy; and pestilence in London, parts of France, Austria, Iraq, Syria, and South-East Turkey.[2]
- February 10 – Battle of Baghdad (1258) – Hulagu Khan's Mongol forces overrun Baghdad, then the leading center of Islamic culture and learning and capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. They burn the imperial city to the ground, killing as many as 1,000,000 citizens.
Hulagu's army attacked Baghdad in 1258.
- Llywelyn the Last declares himself Prince of Wales. He is the final ruler of an independent Wales, before its conquest by the English.
- King Henry III of England is forced by seven powerful barons to accept the Provisions of Oxford.
- The Chinese era Baoyou ends in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.
- Civil unrest in northern Italy spawns the medieval musical form of Geisslerlieder, penitential songs sung by wandering bands of Flagellants.
- Gissur Thorvaldsson is made Earl of Iceland by King Haakon IV of Norway.
- Korea surrenders to the Mongols, ending the effective resistance of the Choe faction within Korea.
Births
- Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1326)
- Trần Nhân Tông, emperor of Vietnam (d. 1308)
- about 1258 – Arghun, fourth Ilkhanate ruler of Iran (d. 1291)
- about 1258 – Henry IV Probus, Duke of Wroclaw (d. 1290)
Deaths
- January/February – Meinhard I of Gorizia-Tyrol (b. c. 1200)
- February – Sulaiman Shah, Abbasid soldier
- February 20 – Al-Musta'sim, last Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad
- June 2 – Peter I of Urgell, Count of Urgell
- August 18 – Theodore II Laskaris, emperor of Nicea (Byzantine Emperor in exile)
- November 10 – William de Bondington, Bishop of Glasgow
- Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili, Moroccan spiritual leader (b. 1175)
- Clement of Dunblane, first Dominican bishop in Britain
- Hong Bok-won, Goryeo commander who later served the Mongol Empire
Notes
- ↑ Emile-Geay, J., Seager, R., Cane, M., Cook, E., Haug, G.H., [The volcanic eruption of 1258 A.D. and the subsequent ENSO event, Geophysical Research Letters, 321, XXXX, doi:10.1029/2006JAXYZW, Mar 2006. (available online, pdf file)
- ↑ Stothers, R.B. (2000) Climatic and Demographic consequences of the Massive Volcanic Eruption of 1258. Climatic Change, 45, 361–374.