Uncyclopedia

Uncyclopedia
Uncyclopedia logo

The Main Page of Uncyclopedia.
URL http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com
Slogan The content-free encyclopedia that anyone can edit
Type of site Satirical wiki
Registration Optional
Owner Wikia
Created by Jonathan Huang and "Stillwaters"
Launched January 5, 2005
Current status Active

Uncyclopedia, "the content-free encyclopedia", is an English-language wiki featuring satirically themed articles. Founded in 2005, it is formatted as a humourous parody of Wikipedia and aims ultimately to parody all encyclopedic subjects.[1] Originally an English-language wiki, the project currently spans over 50 languages. The English version has over 23,000 pages of content.[2]

Various different forms of humour style are used as a vehicle for parody from sophisticated satire to the apparently random. Like Wikipedia, Uncyclopedia has guidelines regarding what is and is not acceptable content and these guidelines have become progressively more strict as the site has expanded over time. The site has gained negative attention due to its articles on places and people.

Its logo is a hollowed potato, named Sophia after the Gnostic deity, that serves as a spoof of Wikipedia's globe logo.[3]

Contents

History

Uncyclopedia was launched on January 5, 2005 by Jonathan Huang, known online as "Chronarion",[4] and a pseudonymous partner called Stillwaters.[3]

The idea for Uncyclopedia came from the English Wikipedia's now-defunct "Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense" page,[5] where Wikipedia's editors would sideline nonsense which they perceived as humorous but unsuitable for inclusion in the main encyclopedia.[1] Jonathan Huang and co-creator "Stillwaters" decided to make a wiki with this type of content, and created Uncyclopedia on January 5, 2005.[4] Uncyclopedia's growing popularity resulted in it being voted Wikia's Featured Wikicity for November 2005, despite it not actually being a Wikicity.[6]

Though it started as an independent project, Uncyclopedia quickly outgrew its original webhost. Four months after its initial creation, the Uncyclopedia database took up ninety megabytes out of the one-hundred megabytes of database space allowed by its webhost, leading Huang to search for a new host.[7] On May 26, 2005, Angela Beesley, the vice president of Wikia, Inc., announced that Wikia would host Uncyclopedia and the site's license and domain name would remain unchanged.[7]

On July 10, 2006, Huang transferred ownership of the Uncyclopedia.org domain name to Wikia.[8] Wikia's stated pretext for this acquisition was that Wikia's users wanted to create Uncyclopedias in other languages, and Wikia was uneasy about doing this with a domain they did not own.[8] Nonetheless, the majority of Uncyclopedia-related projects in other languages remain hosted under their own localised names, either as fully independent domains or as subdomains of Wikia.com[2] The first dedicated server to solely host content from the growing Uncyclopedia Babel Project was deployed on July 21, 2006 to Vancouver, British Columbia under the uncyclopedia.info domain name. On October 23, 2008, Wikia administrators moved the site to uncyclopedia.wikia.com, despite protests from the community, reversing Beesley's 2005 promise.[9]

Approximately half of the Uncyclopedia collection is hosted by Wikia;[4] there are also two dedicated non-Wikia servers co-located in Caledonia which host "Uncyclopedia Babel" project content in various languages.[10] To coordinate these projects (collectively, the "Uncyclomedia Babble Project") an Un-Meta wiki was created in 2006.[11]

The site has caused controversy due to its articles on towns and places and its similarity with Wikipedia, which led to a warning being issued by the Malaysian Internal Security Ministry.[12]

Content

Uncyclopedia's content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 license.[4] As with other Wikia sites, the full article database is freely available for online download.[13] As of October 2008, the English-language Uncyclopedia contains over 23,000 articles, making it one of the largest Wikia-hosted wikis.[14][15] It also has the most active users of any Wikia wiki as of February 2008, with over 200 more users than FFXIclopedia, the runner-up.[16]

Articles

Where available, Uncyclopedia makes use of visual aids as a complement to its text, such as these European hazard symbols that include dogs.

Uncyclopedia's stated goal is to "provide the world's misinformation in the least redeeming and most searingly sarcastic and humorous way possible, through satire".[4] Its articles contain information which is spoofed, fabricated or parodied to such an extent that very little factual accuracy remains. In a manner similar to Wikipedia's "Five pillars", Uncyclopedia has a core set of rules called the "Five pliers", including "Satirical point of view".[17] Despite all the policy pages that parody those of Wikipedia, Uncyclopedia has two main rules: "Be funny and not just stupid," and "Don't be a dick."[1]

The wiki has a system for reviewing articles for their humour, grammar, spelling, use of images, and overall presentation, named Pee Review to parody Wikipedia's article review service Peer Review.[18] Writers post their articles on the Pee Review project page for review by other Uncyclopedians.[19] Similarly, a reference desk exists as the "Reefer Desk" to offer review of humorous user-edited images.

One feature of Uncyclopedia's articles is the use of quotations, usually misquoted, fictitiously attributed or entirely fabricated.[20] Among the most recurrent themes is the invention of quotes that are attributed to Oscar Wilde,[21] a phenomenon which began with an article stating that inventing Wilde quotes was the “national sport of England”.[1] Themes such as "kitten huffing" (the inhalation of the souls of cats as a form of drug abuse) and misadventure involving "grues" (a reference to the Zork text adventure series, in which players are repeatedly eaten by these creatures) recur frequently.

Uncyclopedia administrators are challenged by a steady flow of articles that do not meet Uncyclopedia's standards. Much like Wikipedia, Uncyclopedia has policies concerning vanity articles, which are articles written by an individual associated with the subject of the page. Originally, vanity articles were welcomed as long as they were humorous. However, many of these articles degenerated into flamewars, and creation of vanity pages was therefore disallowed.[1]

Uncyclopedia project Object of parody
UnBooks Wikibooks
UnNews Wikinews
Undictionary Wiktionary
Un-Bestiary Wikispecies
Uncycloversity Wikiversity
Unquotable Wikiquote
UnScripts Wikisource
UnMeta-Wiki Wikimedia Meta-Wiki
UnCommons Wikimedia Commons
The Uncyclopedia Store The Wikipedia Store
UnTunes iTunes
HowTo wikiHow
Why? wikiAnswers

Subprojects

As well as housing many articles designed to satirize Wikipedia-style content, Uncyclopedia also contains several secondary projects (known as "UnProjects").[1][22] As of November 2007, there were 12 such projects,[23] each of which specializes in satire of a different information style. Many of these are directly analogous to Wikipedia's sister projects.

Press coverage

Uncyclopedia has been referenced in several well-known news publications from around the world, in addition to numerous local and regional newspapers and periodicals. In 2005, the Flying Spaghetti Monster entry from Uncyclopedia was mentioned in a New York Times column reporting the spread of so-called "Pastafarianism", the parody religion that worships the Flying Spaghetti Monster.[24] The column was then reprinted in other newspapers, including the Taipei Times.[25] The magazine .net featured an interview with Huang about Uncyclopedia in May 2007.[1] A number of other articles have been centred on specific entries on Uncyclopedia—most notably the article in the Arizona Daily Star, which focused on the Tucson, Arizona parody,[26] and the article in the Cyprus Mail, which focused on the Cyprus article.[27]

In addition to articles about specific entries on the wiki, several papers speak of the website in general—usually in a section devoted to technology or the Internet. This was the case when Uncyclopedia was referenced in the Boston Herald and The Guardian.[28][29] Although most articles mentioning Uncyclopedia are specific to the site, there are other articles about Wikia or Wikipedia that just mention its name briefly. These include the editorial in The Register discussing the Seigenthaler incident, in which Uncyclopedia was named only once.[30] It has also been listed as one of the "Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites" in PC Magazine,[31] as well as among the "101 most useful websites" on the internet by The Sunday Telegraph.[32]Seattle Post-Intelligencer considers Uncyclopedia to be "The Onion of wiki sites. You'll laugh aloud while browsing through Uncyclopedia's satirical and outlandish articles."[33]

Criticism

In May 2006, The New Zealand Herald reported on school officials, including the headmaster of King's College, stating that Uncyclopedia and Bebo were "cyber bullying menace[s]". This was prompted by one Epsom Girls' Grammar School student's name and cellular phone number, along with an offensive message, being posted to Uncyclopedia without her knowledge. The individual in question stated that students commonly added full names and photographs to their own pages, drawing concern from several schooling establishments.[34] The report contributed to the imposition and reworking of the website's vanity and cyberbullying policies, which were only loosely enforced beforehand.[35][36][37] Uncyclopedia has also been criticised for racist humor and general hatefulness [38][39], but Huang claims that racist articles are pulled.[40]

The article on The Lake District was criticised in June 2007 as being offensive by councillors and tourism bosses, who called for stricter regulations on the site. The story was reported in British local newspaper the North-West Evening Mail,[41] but no policy changes were made as a result of this. In fact, the publicity generated by the issue prompted the Lake District article to be featured on Uncyclopedia's main page.[42] In a similar incident in November 2007, Uncyclopedia's article on Northern Ireland was criticised by Northern Irish politician James McCarry who branded the site "disgraceful" and vowed to, along with help from Moyle Council, "get it removed". Ardoyne councillor Conor Maskey and Portadown News creator Newton Emerson opposed McCarry, saying people should be more relaxed about the website. This story was reported in The Belfast Telegraph.[43]

A similar incident occurred in April 2008, when civic leaders of Telford, Shropshire, UK lashed out at an article calling the town “a world leader in the production and reproduction and re-reproduction of Chavs”.[44] Another article, this time about the Shropshire county town of Shrewsbury says the town is only famous for being the birthplace of Charles Darwin, and includes insults towards the residents describing them as monkeys who have evolved into sheep.[45]

In January 2008, the Malaysian Internal Security Ministry issued a directive alerting newspaper editors not to trust Uncyclopedia. It said the article concerning Malaysia contained "untruths, insults and ridicule" and was demeaning to the country.[46][12] Uncyclopedia's users found this statement more humorous than serious, and subsequently parodied the directive in an UnNews article.[47][48]

The site uses an identical layout to Wikipedia[49] which causes confusion to users, for example mistaking the content as factual.[50]

Uncyclopedia in other languages

The Uncyclopedia concept has been adapted to wikis in more than fifty other languages.[2] The UnNews project has similarly been replicated, under various localised names, in eighteen other languages.[51] The websites also invoke various spoof languages such as "Portuñol" and "English But Louder". The first Uncyclopedias in languages other than English were created in June 2005, beginning with a French language version.[52] On February 20, 2008, the 50th language, Welsh, was added to the Uncyclopedia series.

While each language wiki is free to establish its own unique community identity, most of the logos and names in use retain some semblance to those of the English-language version. For instance, as an "un-" encyclopedia, the encyclopedia is named "Uncyclopedia" in both English and German. It is "Desciclopédia" in Portuguese and "dÉsencyclopédie" in French; both mean "dis-encyclopedia". The Spanish language "Inciclopedia" and Ukrainian language "Інциклопедія" both apply the negation "in-" to "encyclopedia" (Spanish: enciclopedia, Ukrainian: Енциклопедія). In Italian "Nonciclopedia" is likewise constructed from the negation "non-" and the word "enciclopedia". In Russian "Absurdopedia" (Абсурдопедия) from the word "absurd" and "encyclopedia". The Danish "Spademanns Leksikon", unlike the Norwegian "Ikkepedia" (not-pedia) and Swedish "Psyklopedia" (psycho-pedia), does not include the English word "encyclopedia" in its name. Spademanns Leksikon is a parody of Lademanns Leksikon, a respected danish encyclopedia, where it combines it's name with the word "spade" (slang for "retard"). The name of the Thai edition, ไร้สาระนุกรม (rai sa:ra nukrom), is a play on the word for encyclopedia, สารานุกรม (sa:ra:nukrom), and means 'nonsense-opedia'. The Malaysian version is called Bodohpedia, from the word bodoh, which means "stupid" in the Malay language. Similarly, the Indonesian version is called Tololpedia (spelled as "Tolololpedia" in Indonesian), from the word tolol "stupid". Meanwhile, the Tagalog version of Uncyclopedia is called "Pekepedia," which is based on the word for "fake" (peke).

Some of the largest Uncyclopedias available in other languages are:

Japanese — Ansaikuropedia

Main page of the Japanese Uncyclopedia.

Ansaikuropedia (Japanese: アンサイクロペディア), third-largest with just over ten thousand pages[53], takes its name from the katakana transliteration of the word Uncyclopedia.[54] it was founded in December 2005.[55]

Spanish — Inciclopedia

The Spanish Inciclopedia was established in February 2006[56] to accommodate content displaced by the closure of Spanish humour wiki Frikipedia. Frikipedia was shut down by the Sociedad General de Autores y Editores,[57] a Spanish organization for copyright who were angered by Frikipedia's entry on them.[56] Frikipedia was eventually relaunched.

Notables such as Chilean folk singer Monteaguilino and Senator Pedro Muñoz have expressed their discontent with Inciclopedia and the site's mockery of the Chilean flag and national symbols.[58] Noche Hache, a television program on Spain's TV Cuatro, also mentioned Inciclopedia among supporters of Eva Hache's joke candidacy to the presidency of Spain.[59]

Portuguese — Desciclopédia

Desciclopédia, the Portuguese language version with over ten thousand pages, is the second-largest Uncyclopedia.[2] Founded in August 2005,[60] it purports to be the brainchild of the largely fictional Doctor Robert (Portuguese: Doutor Roberto). Desciclopédian humour routinely targets regional Brazilian notables such as centagenarian comedy actress Dercy Gonçalves, depicted as a cover model posed for a Playboy-like magazine Playold. Actress Cláudia Raia is portrayed as a stingray (Portuguese: raia).[61] Political leaders such as Luíz Inácio Lula da Silva (Portuguese: lula - "squid") also often fall victim to Desciclopédia's parodies[62][63], along with singers, athletes and other public figures.[64]

Desciclopédia uses various domain hacks for individual secondary projects, which include Desnoticias ("noticias" is "news"), Descionário (with "dicionário" meaning "dictionary"), Deslivros (for books, "biblioteca" means "library"), and Desentrevistas ("entrevistas" meaning "interviews"). These would correspond to "UnNews", "Undictionary", "UnBooks" and the exclusive-to-Desciclopédia "UnInterviews".

Italian — Nonciclopedia

Nonciclopedia, the Italian language version, was founded on November 3rd, 2005 and features over 8000 articles . Like Uncyclopedia, it has many secondary projects, like NonManuali, a collection of fake or hilarious tutorials about strange arguments (like How to conquer England in 4 steps)[65], the Horroscopo, a fake horoscope, NonNotizie, a parody of WikiNews and the Walk of Shame, a parody of the "Walk of Fame", which collects the best articles. Like most of the other languages editions there is a space for the Article of the Week and some pages have related audio files containing a vocal narration of the page's content. Typical subjects of humour are Wikipedia, Chuck Norris, Emo subculture, Nietzsche, the fictional state of Svervegia and people who vandalize Nonciclopedia in response to being offended by an article. Since Chuck Norris, Svervegia and Emo topics were abused, especially by newbie writers, they are not used anymore.

On May 8th, 2008, the Italian member of the parliament Antonio De Poli, of the UDC party, who after the segnalation of a little parents association known as "Pronto Bimbo"[66], reported in his site he had — querelled Nonciclopedia. [67] In the end nothing happened, but were however written some articles about the fact [68] and about Antonio De Poli [69].

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "The brains behind Uncyclopedia", .net (2007-05-03). Retrieved on 2007-11-19. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Uncyclopedia Babel" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-04-20.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sankar, Anand (2006-11-06). "Surely, you must be joking!". The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-02-11.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "Uncyclopedia" (Wiki). Wikia. Retrieved on 2007-11-15.
  5. ↑ "Bad Jokes & Other Deleted Nonsense" (Wiki). Retrieved on 2008-01-02.
  6. ↑ "Recently featured Wikia" (Wiki). Wikia. Retrieved on 2007-11-24.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Beesley, Angela (2005-05-26). "Uncyclopedia joins Wikia" (Wiki). Wikia. Retrieved on 2006-07-18.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Beesley, Angela (2006-07-10). "Forum:Annoucement: Wikia & Uncyclopedia". Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2006-08-20.
  9. ↑ Carter, Lisa (2008-09-30). "Forum:Uncyclopedia domain name". Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
  10. ↑ "Desciclopédia 2.0" (Wiki) (in Portuguese). Desciclopédia. Retrieved on 2007-12-07.
  11. ↑ "UnMeta:About" (Wiki). Uncyclomedia UnMeta-Wiki. Retrieved on 2007-11-17.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Ooi, Jeff (2008-01-15). "Alert over Uncyclopedia on Malaysia", CNET Asia. Retrieved on 2007-11-16. 
  13. ↑ "Database download" (Wiki). Wikia. Retrieved on 2007-11-21.
  14. ↑ "Big wikis" (Wiki). Wikia. Retrieved on 2007-11-25.
  15. ↑ "Uncyclopedia statistics" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-10-02.
  16. ↑ "Wikia Statistics" (Wiki). Wikia. Retrieved on 2008-02-09.
  17. ↑ "Uncyclopedia:Five pliers" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-11-09.
  18. ↑ "Uncyclopedia:Pee Review" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-01-01.
  19. ↑ "Template:Pee Review Table" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-11-06.
  20. ↑ "In-jokes" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-11-16.
  21. ↑ Sankar, Anand (2006-10-10). "Surely, you must be joking!". The Hindu. Retrieved on 2008-03-22.
  22. ↑ "Uncyclopedia:UnProject" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
  23. ↑ "Template:Sisterprojects" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-11-03.
  24. ↑ Boxer, Sarah (2005-08-25). "But Is There Intelligent Spaghetti Out There?", The New York Times. Retrieved on 2006-07-18. 
  25. ↑ "'Pastafarianism' gains prominence and support in intelligent-design drive", Taipei Times (2005-08-25). Retrieved on 2006-07-18. 
  26. ↑ "Online parody of Tucson not always funny, but interesting", Arizona Daily Star (2006-08-18). Retrieved on 2006-08-22. 
  27. ↑ Christou, Jean. "Cyprus that great and peaceful island", Cyprus Mail. Retrieved on 2007-11-06. 
  28. ↑ Schorow, Stephanie (2005-04-08). "This wiki-cool Web site lets Net surfers define world", Boston Herald. Retrieved on 2006-07-18. 
  29. ↑ Schofield, Jack (2005-04-14). "Web Watch", Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved on 2006-07-18. 
  30. ↑ Orlowski, Andrew (2005-12-12). "There's no Wikipedia entry for 'moral responsibility'", The Register. Retrieved on 2006-06-24. 
  31. ↑ "Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites - Info, Reference, and Search". PC Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-10-20.
  32. ↑ Baker, David (30 March 2008). "The 101 most useful websites" (in English), The Sunday Telegraph (London), pp. 13. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  33. ↑ "What's Online" (in English), Seattle Post-Intelligencer (18 September 2007), pp. D6. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 
  34. ↑ Woulfe, Catherine (2006-05-28). "Schools face new cyber bullying menace", The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved on 2006-07-20. 
  35. ↑ "Forum:We're a cyber-bullying menace" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-11-26.
  36. ↑ "Uncyclopedia:No cyberbullying" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  37. ↑ "Uncyclopedia:Vanity Policies" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  38. ↑ "Philebrity". Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
  39. ↑ "Ithaca Community News". Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
  40. ↑ "Netmag.co.uk". Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
  41. ↑ "What do they know?", North-West Evening Mail (2007-06-11). Retrieved on 2007-11-08. Archived from the original on 2008-02-14. 
  42. ↑ "Nomination of the article: The Lake District" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-11-08.
  43. ↑ Henry, Lesley-Anne (2007-11-10). "War of words over Ulster 'Uncyclopedia'", Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved on 2007-11-17. 
  44. ↑ Johannsen, Tom (2008-04-14). "Town’s fury at ‘Chav’ slur", Shropshire Star. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 
  45. ↑ Roberts, Russel (2008-04-22). "County town target for jibes", Shropshire Star. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 
  46. ↑ "Chinese" (in Chinese), Kwong Wah Yit Poh (2008-01-15). Retrieved on 2008-01-16. 
  47. ↑ "Forum:Urgent Public Safety Warning" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-01-16.
  48. ↑ "UnNews:Uncyclopedia Internal Security Department warns on Malaysia" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia.
  49. ↑ Ray, Rich (2008-06-21). "Web Watch", Florida Times Union. Retrieved on 2008-07-11. 
  50. ↑ Schormann, Tobias (2008-03-19). "Wikipedia Spoofs: Not So Serious, Pal", TechNewsWorld. Retrieved on 2008-03-19. Archived from the original on 2007-11-17. 
  51. ↑ "Template:UnnewsLanguages" (Wiki). Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-12-16.
  52. ↑ "Template:Languages - History". Uncyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-11-26.
  53. ↑ "Special:Statistics" (in Japanese). Ansaikuropedia. Retrieved on 2007-11-17.
  54. ↑ "ネットと現実、どっちが楽しい？ 「リア充」の先にある新しい友達関係" (in Japanese). Nikkei BP. Retrieved on 2008-02-06.
  55. ↑ "アンサイクロペディア" (Wiki) (in Japanese). Ansaikuropedia. Retrieved on 2007-12-06.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 "Inciclopedia" (Wiki) (in Spanish). Wikia. Retrieved on 2007-11-21.
  57. ↑ Pérez, Eduardo (2008-02-22). "La SGAE gana el juicio contra 'Frikipedia' por vulnerar el derecho al honor". Indymedia. Retrieved on 2008-03-22.
  58. ↑ "Diario Las Ultimas Noticias" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2008-02-14. Retrieved on 2008-03-23.
  59. ↑ "Noche Hache" (in Spanish). TV Cuatro, Madrid. Retrieved on 2008-03-23.
  60. ↑ "Página principal - História" (Wiki) (in Portuguese). Desciclopédia. Retrieved on 2007-12-28.
  61. ↑ "Confira verbetes da Desciclopédia sobre dez celebridades" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Folha Online. Retrieved on 2008-05-04.
  62. ↑ ""Wikipédia do mal" escracha celebridades com humor negro" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Folha Online. Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
  63. ↑ Superinteressante, O site maís inutil, Editora Abril, February 2007.
  64. ↑ Folhateen, Os perigos da wikipédia., Folha, April 30, 2007.
  65. ↑ "Conquistare l'Inghilterra in 4 semplici passi" (in Italian). Nonciclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-09-08.
  66. ↑ "Allarme Emo, la nuova follia di Internet" (in Italian). padova.blogolandia. Retrieved on 2008-09-08.
  67. ↑ "Articolo su Nonciclopedia" (in Italian). Antonio De Poli personal site. Retrieved on 2008-09-08.
  68. ↑ "NonNotizia: Qualcuno pensi ai bambini!" (in Italian). Nonciclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-09-08.
  69. ↑ "Antonio De Poli" (in Italian). Nonciclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-09-08.

External links