Typhus

Typhus
Classification and external resources
Epidemic typhus Burundi.jpg
Rash caused by Epidemic typhus.
ICD-10 A75.
ICD-9 080-083
DiseasesDB 29240
MedlinePlus 001363
eMedicine med/2332 
MeSH D014438

Typhus is any of several similar diseases caused by Rickettsiae[1] The name comes from the Greek typhos, meaning smoky or hazy, describing the state of mind of those affected with typhus. The causative organism Rickettsia is an obligate parasite and cannot survive for long outside living cells.

Multiple diseases include the word "typhus" in their description. Types include:

Condition Bacterium Arthropod Notes
Epidemic typhus Rickettsia prowazekii lice on humans When the term "typhus" is used without qualification, this is usually the condition meant. Also, historical references to "typhus" are now generally considered to be this condition.
Murine typhus or "endemic typhus" Rickettsia typhi fleas on rats -
Scrub typhus Orientia tsutsugamushi harvest mites on humans or rodents Unlike the two conditions above, though it has the word "typhus" in the name, it is currently usually not classified in the typhus group, but in the closely related spotted fever group.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Typhus at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  2. ↑ Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso Fausto; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 396. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1. 
Infectious diseases · Bacterial diseases: G- (primarily A00-A79, 001-041,080-109)
Spirochaete
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis/Bejel, Yaws) · Treponema carateum (Pinta)
Borrelia
Borrelia recurrentis (Relapsing fever) · Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease, Erythema chronicum migrans, Neuroborreliosis)
Spirillum
Spirillum minus (Rat-bite fever/Sodoku)
Leptospira
Leptospira interrogans (Leptospirosis)
Multiple
Noma · Trench mouth
Proteobacteria
α
Rickettsiales
Rickettsiaceae/
(Rickettsioses)
Typhus
Rickettsia typhi (Murine typhus) · Rickettsia prowazekii (Epidemic typhus)
Spotted fever
Tick-borne disease
Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) · Rickettsia conorii (Boutonneuse fever)
Other
Rickettsia akari (Rickettsialpox) · Orientia tsutsugamushi (Scrub typhus)
Anaplasmataceae
Ehrlichia/Anaplasma: Ehrlichiosis (Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Human monocytic ehrlichiosis)
Rhizobiales
Brucellaceae
Brucella (Brucellosis)
Bartonellaceae
Bartonellosis: Bartonella henselae (Cat scratch fever) · Bartonella quintana (Trench fever) · either henselae or quintana (Bacillary angiomatosis)
β
Neisseriales
M+ Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus (Meningococcal disease, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome)
M- Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus (Gonorrhea) · Moraxella catarrhalis
Burkholderiales
Burkholderia (Glanders, Melioidosis) · Bordetella (Pertussis)
γ
Enterobacteriales
(OX-)
Lac+
Klebsiella (Rhinoscleroma, Donovanosis) · Escherichia coli/O157:H7 · Enterobacter
Slow/weak
Serratia marcescens (Serratia infection) · Citrobacter
Lac-
Yersinia pestis (Plague/Bubonic plague) · Yersinia enterocolitica
Salmonella enterica (Typhoid fever, Paratyphoid fever, Salmonellosis) · Shigella (Shigellosis) · Proteus
Pasteurellales
Haemophilus: influenzae (Brazilian purpuric fever) · ducreyi (Chancroid)
Pasteurella multocida (Pasteurellosis) · Actinobacillus (Actinobacillosis)
Legionellales
Legionella (Legionellosis) · Coxiella (Q fever)
Other
Thiotrichales/Francisella (Tularemia) · Vibrionales/Vibrio (Cholera) · Pseudomonadales/Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas infection)
ε
Campylobacterales
Campylobacter jejuni (Campylobacteriosis) · Helicobacter pylori (Peptic ulcer)
Chlamydiae
Chlamydophila (Psittacosis) · Chlamydia (Chlamydia, Lymphogranuloma venereum, Trachoma)
Bacteroidetes
Bacteroides fragilis
Primarily rods except Neisseriaceae and Spirochaete. Primarily OX+ except Enterobacteriaceae. Primarily extracellular except Rickettsiales/Chlamydia/Treponema (obligate) and Brucella/Listeria/Legionella (facultative). Primarily aerobic or facultative anaerobic except Bacteroides.