Tri Nations (rugby union)

Tri Nations (rugby union)
Current season or competition: 2008 Tri Nations Series
Sport	Rugby union
Founded	1996
No. of teams	3
Country(ies)	Australia  New Zealand  South Africa
Most recent champion(s)	New Zealand

The Tri Nations is an annual international rugby union series held between the national teams of Australia (the Wallabies), New Zealand (the All Blacks) and South Africa (the Springboks). The competition is organized by SANZAR, a consortium formed by the three countries' rugby governing bodies – the Australian Rugby Union, the New Zealand Rugby Football Union and the South African Rugby Union.

The series is played on a home-and-away basis. From the first tournament in 1996 until 2005, and again in 2007, the three teams played each other twice; in 2006 and 2008 it has been three times. Since the inception of the series the games played between Australia and New Zealand also determine the winner of the Bledisloe Cup each year.

History

Foundation

Australia and New Zealand first played each other in 1903. South Africa toured both nations in 1921 but there was never any formal competition in place, unlike the Home Nations (now known as the Six Nations Championship) in the northern hemisphere. For years the southern nations longed for a competition like the Home Nations.^[1] The three nations met sporadically with Australia and New Zealand meeting regularly to contest the Bledisloe Cup. The birth of the Rugby World Cup in 1987 was a step closer to the modern-day Tri Nations Series—South Africa did not compete in the World Cup until 1995 due to apartheid.

The final acceptance of professionalism in rugby union launched the Tri Nations concept.^[1] Nearing the completion of the 1995 Rugby World Cup, multi-million pound negotiations between the South African, New Zealand and Australian unions took place to form SANZAR. The new union soon announced a ten-year deal worth £360 million. The competition was established to create an equivalent to the Five Nations in Europe.^[2]

Tournaments

The opening tournament of 1996 was dominated by the All Blacks who stormed to victory undefeated, leaving the Springboks and the Wallabies with just one win each—against each other. The opening exchange was between New Zealand and Australia, New Zealand winning by over 40 points and, although they won all four of their games, the later matches were a lot closer in their scorelines. The launch of the Tri Nations was considered a huge success.^[1]

A similar story unfolded the following year, 1997. The All Blacks maintained their dominance over the new competition and again went undefeated. Australia and South Africa found themselves in similar position again with just one win each. The 1998 series was something of a turnaround for all nations with South Africa winning the tournament and Australia finishing second. Two-time winner New Zealand finished at the bottom with no wins. In the following tournament in 1999 New Zealand again became Tri Nations champions and defending champions South Africa fell to the bottom.

Australia, the World Champions at the time, won their first Tri Nations championship in 2000. That tournament is also notable for Australia’s opening match against New Zealand at Stadium Australia where 109,874 spectators attended.^[3] Jonah Lomu scored a try in injury time to grab the win for the All Blacks. The game was hailed as one of the greatest ever,^[3] and the end competition thought by some to be the best Tri Nations ever at the time.^[4]

Australia continued their reign as Tri Nations champions by successfully defending the trophy the following year. Their run ended in 2002 when the All Blacks won the championship again. New Zealand successfully defended it in 2003. South Africa won the 2004 tournament where the three nations finished with two wins each. The Springboks emerged as winners due to their superior table points. The trophy returned to New Zealand in 2005 and the Wallabies failed to win a game. In 2006 New Zealand retained the trophy with 2 games still to be played. In 2007, the Tri Nations was shortened to two games against either team, because it clashed with the Rugby World Cup in France. The Tri Nations championship and the Bledisloe Cup came down to the final match, between New Zealand and Australia at Eden Park. New Zealand ran out easy winners, and lifted both the trophies. There was some controversy as South Africa fielded less than a full strength squad in the away legs in Australia and New Zealand in anticipation of the World Cup. New Zealand defended their title in 2008, in beating Australia in the final match in Brisbane.

Expansion

The competition was expanded in 2006 and sees each of the three nations play each other three times, although the 2007 series reverted to a double round-robin to reduce fixture congestion in a World Cup year. Historically there have been persistent rumours about the inclusion of Argentina^[5] into this competition but no official word has ever been released. As well as Argentina, there have also been rumours about a Pacific Islands team being included too.^[6]

Argentina is the only top nation that has no regular competition, and some, among them former Pumas captain Agustín Pichot,^[7] have even spoken of them joining the Six Nations. However, an ambassador said, "We belong in a tournament in the southern hemisphere and not in an expanded Six Nations". The inclusion of Argentina does have some support from some bodies, South African Rugby Union deputy chief executive saying, "We would support (their) request to play in the Tri-Nations". Springbok coach Jake White also said that "I think it would add a new dimension to the tournament and perhaps refresh it."

The Sunday Times reported in February 2007 that the International Rugby Board (IRB), the world governing body for the sport, had been brokering a deal with SANZAR to admit Argentina to the Tri Nations as early as 2008.^[8] The Sunday Times reported that many players and fans in the SANZAR countries disliked the expansion to a triple round-robin, noting that former All Blacks scrum-half Justin Marshall accused SANZAR of overkill in 2006. Also, the piece added that South Africa is highly dissatisfied with the current Tri Nations format, as it requires that the Boks tour for a month while the Wallabies and All Blacks fly in and out of South Africa in a week. The addition of Argentina would even out travel commitments for all teams involved. The Sunday Times noted that there were two main stumbling blocks to adding Argentina:

• Division of broadcast revenue, which is currently shared equally by the three SANZAR countries.
• The biggest stumbling block may be the Argentine Rugby Union (UAR). The Times noted that some UAR members are "deeply attached to amateurism", adding that the IRB had a blueprint on the table for a South American provincial competition similar to SANZAR's Super 14, featuring six Argentine provincial sides and one each from Uruguay and Chile, but UAR had yet to approve it.

However, by August 2007, it became clear that there would be no expansion of the series before the current television contract between SANZAR and News Corporation expires in 2010. An IRB spokesman stated that the main problems with adding the Pumas to the Tri Nations, besides media contracts, were fixture congestion and the lack of a professional structure in Argentina.^[9] Domestic rugby in Argentina is still amateur; in fact, the UAR constitution specifically prohibited professional rugby in the country until December 2007,^[10] and even now does not allow for a professional league.^[11] Because of this, a large majority of the Pumas play for European club teams, which would likely create further scheduling conflicts.

Later developments have made the admission of Argentina to the competition possible sometime around 2012. In November 2007, the IRB held a conference on the future worldwide growth of the sport, with the status of Los Pumas a key topic of discussion. The most important decision made at the conference, with regard to the Tri Nations, was the agreement of the UAR to establish a professional rugby structure between 2008 and 2012, at which time Argentina would be "fully integrated into the Southern top-flight Rugby playing structure."^[12] At the time of the IRB conference, the UAR had already scheduled a special meeting for 28 December 2007 to amend its constitution to allow players to be paid.^[10] Shortly after the IRB conference, New Zealand Rugby Union deputy chief executive Steve Tew expressed doubts that, within ten years, a professional domestic competition in Argentina would be sufficiently viable to retain elite players in South America despite all the good intentions and funding of the IRB.^[13] The aforementioned UAR meeting did not result in the formation of a professional league. The 23 provincial delegates voted unanimously to keep their domestic league amateur, but approved a plan to centrally contract the Pumas selection pool to the UAR as professionals.^[11]

Competition

The order of fixtures has changed several times in the history of the series. In the past each team played the others twice. After some tweaking of the schedule it was decided to start the series with two fixtures in either South Africa or New Zealand and move the series to the country that did not host the opening rounds. Under this setup Australia's home fixtures were always the middle two in the series.

The recent reworking of the calendar took effect with the 2006 event. This was the result of a new television deal between SANZAR and broadcasters in the United Kingdom and the SANZAR countries. Each team plays the other three times. In 2006 the series opened in New Zealand and the first four rounds alternated between New Zealand and Australia. The fifth round was in Australia. After a one-week break the series returned to New Zealand and then finished with South Africa's three home fixtures. Each team has two home fixtures against one team and only one home fixture against the other.

The competition begins in July. Originally it had started late in July but, with the expansion of the series, the start date has moved to early in the month. It typically ends early in September. The Tri Nations opens after the completion of the Super 14 competition for the year because players from the SANZAR countries are involved in both.

The winner is determined by a points system:

• 4 points for a win
• 2 points for a draw
• 0 points for a loss

"Bonus points" may also be earned in any given match and count toward deciding the series winner. A team may earn one bonus point in each of the following ways (to a total of two points):

• By scoring four or more tries in the match, regardless of the final result of the match.
• By losing by seven points (a converted try) or fewer.

A victorious team can collect either 4 or 5 points, depending on whether or not it scored 4 tries. A losing team may collect from 0 to 2 points. At the end of the series the team with the most points is declared the winner. If teams end level on points the first tiebreaker is point differential, followed by number of tries during the series. However, the Tri Nations has yet to finish in a tie for the top spot.

Results

Main article: Tri Nations Series champions

Year	Winner	Games played	Games won	Games drawn	Games lost	Points for	Points against	Points difference	Bonus points	Table points
1996	New Zealand	4	4	0	0	119	60	(+) 59	1	17
1997	New Zealand	4	4	0	0	159	109	(+) 50	2	18
1998	South Africa	4	4	0	0	80	54	(+) 26	1	17
1999	New Zealand	4	3	0	1	103	61	(+) 42	0	12
2000	Australia	4	3	0	1	104	86	(+) 18	2	14
2001	Australia	4	2	1	1	81	75	(+) 6	1	11
2002	New Zealand	4	3	0	1	97	65	(+) 32	3	15
2003	New Zealand	4	4	0	0	142	65	(+) 77	2	18
2004	South Africa	4	2	0	2	110	98	(+) 12	3	11
2005	New Zealand	4	3	0	1	111	86	(+) 25	3	15
2006	New Zealand	6	5	0	1	179	112	(+) 67	3	23
2007	New Zealand	4	3	0	1	100	59	(+) 41	1	13
2008	New Zealand	6	4	0	2	152	106	(+) 46	3	19

All time table

Nation	Games				Points			Bonus points	Table points	Championships
	played	won	drawn	lost	for	against	difference
New Zealand	56	39	0	17	1512	1089	+423	26	183	9
Australia	56	23	1	32	1174	1303	-129	27	121	2
South Africa	56	21	1	34	1121	1401	-333	19	105	2

Updated 13 September 2008

Records and statistics

Try scorers

This lists the top try scorers up to and including the end of the 2008 Tri Nations Series.

Sixteen: Christian Cullen (NZ)

Thirteen: Doug Howlett (NZ), Joe Rokocoko (NZ)

Nine: Justin Marshall (NZ), Stirling Mortlock (Aus), Lote Tuqiri (Aus)

Eight: Joe Roff (Aus)

Seven: Matt Burke (Aus), Chris Latham (Aus), Breyton Paulse (SA)

Six: Stephen Larkham (Aus), Ben Tune (Aus), Richie McCaw (NZ), Marius Joubert (SA)

Five: Mat Rogers (Aus), Dan Carter (NZ), Tana Umaga (NZ), Jeff Wilson (NZ), Tony Woodcock (NZ), Jaque Fourie (SA), Bryan Habana (SA)

Top point scorers

This lists the top ten point scorers up to and including the end of the 2008 Tri Nations Series.

1. Andrew Mehrtens (NZ) - 328 (1 try, 34 conv, 82 pen, 3 drop)
2. Dan Carter (NZ) - 312 (5 tries, 37 conv, 69 pen, 2 drop)
3. Matt Burke (Aus) - 271 (7 tries, 19 conv, 65 pen, 1 drop)
4. Percy Montgomery (SA) - 210 (4 tries, 26 conv, 43 pen, 3 drop)
5. Stirling Mortlock (Aus) - 198 (9 tries, 21 conv, 37 pen)
6. Carlos Spencer (NZ) - 153 (3 tries, 21 conv, 32 pen)
7. Matt Giteau (Aus) - 121 (4 tries, 19 conv, 19 pen, 2 drop)
8. Braam van Straaten (SA) - 94 (5 conv, 28 pen)
9. Christian Cullen (NZ) - 80 (16 tries)
10. Jannie de Beer (SA) - 69 (2 tries, 13 conv, 9 pen, 2 drop)

References

External links

• Tri Nations News
• The Rugby Forum - World Class Tri-Nations Rugby discussion
• Tri Nations News from rugby.com.au
• FOX Sports Australia Rugby Union Tri-Nations section
• Tri nations news from Planet Rugby
• Watch the Tri Nations Online at MediaZone.com/Rugby