Trappists

Trappist redirects here. This article is about the Cistercian order. For the beer, see Trappist beer.
Trappist monks of Westvleteren Abbey, near Westvleteren, Belgium.
Orval Abbey, near Florenville, Belgium.

The Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (O.C.S.O.: Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae), or Trappists, are a contemplative Roman Catholic religious order (see list of Catholic orders), that follows the Rule of St. Benedict.

They are a branch of the Cistercians and like the other Cistercian orders they also have a women's branch commonly referred to as the Trappistines.

Contents

History

The order takes the name of "Trappist" from La Trappe Abbey or "La Grande Trappe" in Normandy in France, where it began as a reform movement in 1664, in reaction to the relaxation of practices in many Cistercian monasteries[1]. The reform was led by Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé, originally the commendatory abbot of La Trappe. As commendatory abbot, de Rancé was a layman who obtained income from the monastery but had no religious obligations. After a conversion of life between 1660 and 1662, de Rancé formally joined the abbey and became its regular abbot in 1663[2].

Monastic life

The life of the Trappists is guided by the Rule of St. Benedict, written in the sixth century. The Rule describes ideals and values of a monastic life.

As a contemplative order, the Trappists live a life of prayer and penance. The day of a Trappist is divided between work and prayer. Manual work is preferred over other types of work and Trappist monasteries generally provide for themselves through the sale of goods produced in the monastery. Prayer is divided between the Divine Office, Lectio Divina and various other forms of meditative and contemplative prayer. Except for the ill, they abstain from meat and fowl and eat fish on a limited basis. To the extent that it is practical, they are expected to remain silent throughout the day and most especially at night. They are expected to live a life of strict personal poverty with few personal possessions and limited contact with the outside world.[3]

"Strict Observance" does mean stricter silence, certain situations excepted. Contrary to popular belief, they don't take a vow of silence[4] [5]. However, they will generally only speak when necessary, and idle talk is strongly discouraged. Meals are usually taken in contemplative silence.

The Trappists have received greater attention in recent years on account of the life and writings of Thomas Merton and, more recently, because of the popularity of Trappist ales such as Chimay.

Goods for sale

The 48th chapter of the Rule of St Benedict states "for then are they monks in truth, if they live by the work of their hands" [6]

Following this rule, most Trappist monasteries produce goods that are then sold to provide an income for the monastery. The goods produced can range from cheese, bread and other foodstuffs to clothing and coffins. As the order does not require abstention from alcohol, some monasteries produce and sell alcoholic beverages. Some monasteries in Belgium and the Netherlands, such as Orval Abbey and Westvleteren Abbey, brew beer both for the monks and for sale to the general public. Trappist beers contain residual sugars and living yeast, and, unlike conventional beers, will improve with age.[7] These have become quite famous and are considered by many beer critics to be amongst the finest in the world.[7]

Monasteries

Currently there are nearly 170 Trappist monasteries in the world, the home of approximately 2,500 Trappist monks and 1,800 Trappist nuns.[8]

Locations

Argentina
Australia
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Czech Republic
Dominican Republic
France
Germany
Great Britain
Hong Kong
Indonesia
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
New Zealand
Philippines
United States
Venezuela

See also

References

  1. ↑ Pennington, M. Basil, OCSO. "The Cistercians: An Introductory History". The Order of Saint Benedict. Retrieved on 2008-01-01.
  2. ↑ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jean-Armand Le Bouthillier de Rance
  3. ↑ [1]
  4. ↑ [2]
  5. ↑ [3]
  6. ↑ Rule of Benedict, Chapter 48. From the 1949 Edition. Translated by Rev. Boniface Verheyen, OSB of St. Benedict's Abbey, Atchison, Kansas.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Michael Jackson's Beer Hunter - Chastity, poverty and a pint
  8. ↑ FAQ-eng

External links