Suzhou 苏州市 Sūzhōu Shì |
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— Prefecture-level city — | |
The Master of Nets Garden in Suzhou | |
Location in Jiangsu | |
Coordinates: | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
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Province | Jiangsu |
County-level divisions | 11 |
Established | 514 BC |
Government | |
- Type | Prefecture-level city |
- CPC Suzhou Secretary | Wang Rong (王荣) |
- Mayor | Yan Li (阎立) |
Area [1] | |
- Prefecture-level city | 8,488.42 km² (3,277.4 sq mi) |
- Urban | 1,649.72 km² (637 sq mi) |
Population (2005-06) | |
- Prefecture-level city | 6,073,000 |
- Density | 715.4/km² (1,853/sq mi) |
- Urban | 2,307,500 |
- Urban Density | 1,398.7/km² (3,622.7/sq mi) |
Time zone | Beijing Time (UTC+8) |
Postal code | 215000 |
Area code(s) | 512 |
GDP | (2007) |
- Total | ¥570 billion |
- Per capita | ¥79,407; US$10,087 |
City flower | Osmanthus |
City tree | Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) |
Regional dialect | Wu: Suzhou hua (苏州话) |
License plate prefix | 苏E |
Website: http://www.suzhou.gov.cn/English/index.shtml |
Classical Gardens of Suzhou* | |
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UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
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State Party | China |
Type | Cultural |
Criteria | i, ii, iii, iv, v |
Reference | 813 |
Region** | Asia-Pacific |
Inscription history | |
Inscription | 1997 (21st Session) |
Extensions | 2000 |
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. ** Region as classified by UNESCO. |
Suzhou (simplified Chinese: 苏州; traditional Chinese: 蘇州; pinyin: Sūzhōu; ancient name: 吳) is a city on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Lake Taihu in the province of Jiangsu, China. The city is renowned for its beautiful stone bridges, pagodas, and meticulously designed gardens which have contributed to its status as a great tourist attraction. Since the Song Dynasty (960-1279), Suzhou has also been an important centre for China's silk industry and continues to hold that prominent position today. The city is part of the Yangtze River Delta region. The GDP per capita was ¥79,406 (ca. US$10,087) in 2006, ranked no. 5 among 659 Chinese cities.
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Suzhou, the cradle of Wu culture, is one of the oldest towns in the Yangtze Basin. 2500 years ago in the late Shang Dynasty, local tribes who named themselves "Gou Wu" lived in the area which would become the modern city of Suzhou.
In 514 BC, during the Spring and Autumn Period, King Helu (闔閭/阖闾) of Wu established "Great City of Helu", the ancient name for Suzhou, as his capital. In 496 BC, Helu was buried in Huqiu (Tiger Hill 虎丘).
In 473 BC Wu was defeated by Yue, a kingdom to the east which was soon annexed by the Chu in 306 BC. The golden era of Suzhou ended with this conquest. Remnants of this culture include remainders of a 2,500 year old city wall and the gate through it at Pan Gate.
By the time of the Qin Dynasty, the city was known as Wu County. Xiang Yu (项羽) staged his historical uprising here in 209 BC, which contributed to the overthrow of Qin.
During the Sui Dynasty - in 589 AD - the city was renamed Suzhou.
When the Grand Canal was completed, Suzhou found itself strategically located on a major trade route. In the course of the history of China, it has been a metropolis of industry and commerce on the south-eastern coast of China.
During the Tang Dynasty (825 AD), the great poet Bai Juyi (白居易) constructed the Shantang Canal (called "Shantang Street" or 山塘街) to connect the city with Huqiu for tourists. In 1035 AD, the temple of Confucius was founded by famed poet and writer Fan Zhongyan (范仲淹). It became the venue for imperial civil examinations.
In February 1130, the advancing Jin army from the north ransacked and massacred the city. This was followed by the Mongol invasion (1275) and destruction of the royal city (in the centre of the walled city) in the beginning of the Ming Dynasty (1367).
Thereafter, the city had a more prosperous time. Many of the famous private gardens were constructed by the gentry of the Ming and Qing dynasties. However, the city was to see another disaster in 1860 when Taiping soldiers advanced on and captured the city. In November 1863 the Ever Victorious Army of Charles Gordon recaptured the city from the Taiping forces.
The next crisis that met the city was the Japanese invasion in 1937. Many gardens were devastated by the end of the war. In the early 1950s, restoration was done on gardens such as Zhuo-Zheng Yuan (Humble Administrator's Garden) and Dong Yuan (East Garden) to bring them back to life.
In 1981, this ancient city was listed by the State Council as one of the four cities (the other three being Beijing, Hangzhou and Guilin) where the protection of historical and cultural heritage as well as natural scenery should be treated as a priority project. Since then, with suburban economic projects, Suzhou has developed into one of the most prosperous cities in China.
Classical gardens in Suzhou were added to the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1997 and 2000. An online tour of the gardens can be seen at the 'World Heritage Tours' website.[1]
Because Suzhou is one of the most prosperous cities in China, its development has a direct correlation with the growth of its satellite cities, most notably Kunshan, Taicang, Mudu, and Zhangjiagang, which together form the greater Suzhou region. Suzhou's jurisdictional areas are home to many high-tech development enterprises.
Suzhou has jurisdiction over (at county level):
Suzhou has a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers, and cool to cold, cloudy, damp winters with occasional flurries. The spring and autumn are much more pleasant.
Weather averages for Suzhou | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
Average high °C (°F) | 8 (46) |
10 (50) |
13 (55) |
20 (68) |
24 (75) |
28 (82) |
32 (90) |
31 (88) |
28 (82) |
22 (72) |
17 (63) |
11 (52) |
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Average low °C (°F) | 2 (36) |
4 (39) |
7 (45) |
12 (54) |
17 (63) |
22 (72) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
22 (72) |
17 (63) |
11 (52) |
5 (41) |
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Precipitation cm (inches) | 7.75 (3.1) |
5.06 (2) |
9.43 (3.7) |
7.17 (2.8) |
9.33 (3.7) |
19.62 (7.7) |
11.66 (4.6) |
22.46 (8.8) |
7.07 (2.8) |
5.86 (2.3) |
4.91 (1.9) |
4.85 (1.9) |
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Source: per MSN 2008 |
Suzhou is conveniently located on the Jinghu Railway linking Shanghai and Nanjing, the provincial capital, to both of which there is hourly railway service. Suzhou Railway Station is among the busiest passenger stations in China, having 139 trains stopping daily. T-Trains only take 45 minutes to Shanghai and an hour and half to Nanjing. Driving options include the Jiangsu-Shanghai Expressway, the Yangtze Riverine Expressway, the Suzhou-Jiaxing-Hangzhou Expressway. In 2005, the new Suzhou Outer Ring was completed, linking the peripheral county-level cities of Taicang, Kunshan, and Changshu. By water, Suzhou is connected with Zhangjiagang, Luzhi, Liujia and Changshou.
Although Wuxi Shuofang Airport and Guangfu United Airlines Airport serve as two municipal airports, and the State Council approved of the construction of an airport exclusively serving Suzhou in 2003, air transportation from Suzhou continues to be at Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and Shanghai Pudong International Airport in Shanghai.
The Suzhou Metro is currently being constructed.
The Suzhou Museum has a rich collection of relics from many eras. The collection includes revolutionary records, stele carving, folk customs, drama and verse, Suzhou embroidery, silk cloth, gardens, coins and Buddhist artifacts.[3]
Public institutions having full-time Bachelor's degree programs include:
Postgraduate Institution
Private Schools
Suzhou (including 7 districts and 5 county-level cities under Suzhou's jurisdiction) has more than 50 sister cities, twin towns and provinces:
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