Strait of Kerch

Cimmerian Bosporus redirects here. For the ancient state, see Bosporan Kingdom; for its rulers, see Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus.

The "Cimmerian Bosphorus" of antiquity, shown on a map printed in London, ca 1770

The Kerch Strait (Russian: Керченский пролив, Ukrainian: Керченська протока, Crimean Tatar: Keriç boğazı) connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Crimean Kerch Peninsula in the west from the Taman peninsula in the east. The strait is 4.5 to 15 km (3-11 mi) wide and up to 18 meters deep. The most important harbor is the city of Kerch.

History

Landsat satellite photo

See Bosporan Kingdom for a more complete history.

The straits are about 5 kilometres (3.5 mi) long and 4 kilometres broad at the narrowest, and are formed by an eastern extension of Crimea (Taurica, in ancient times) and the peninsula of Taman, a kind of continuation of the Caucasus. This in ancient times seems to have formed a group of islands intersected by arms of the Kuban River (Hypanis) and various sounds now silted up. The straits were called the Cimmerian Bosporus because of the similarity to the Bosporus straits between the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea, and after the Cimmerians the equestrian nomads on the steppes north of the Black Sea.^[1]

During the Second World War, the Kerch Peninsula was the scene of much desperate combat between forces of the Soviet Red Army and Germany. Fighting frequently intensified in the coldest months of the war when the straits froze over, allowing the movement of troops over the ice.^[2]

In 1944, the Soviets built a "provisional" railway bridge across the strait. Construction made use of supplies captured from the Germans, who had planned to build a highway bridge across the strait. The bridge was completed in November 1944, but was destroyed by moving ice floes in February 1945; reconstruction was not attempted.^[3]

Kerch Strait. View from the Crimean coast

Ferry and Bridge Transportation

After the war, ferry transportation across the strait was established in 1952, connecting Crimea and the Krasnodar Krai (Port Krym - Port Kavkaz line). Originally there were four train-ferry ships; later three car-ferry ships were added. Train transportation continued for almost 40 years. The aging train-ferries became obsolete in the late 1980s and were removed from service. In the autumn of 2004, new ships were delivered as replacements and train transportation was re-established.

Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov campaigned for a highway bridge to be constructed across the strait. Since 1944, various bridge projects to span the strait have been proposed or attempted, always hampered by the difficult geologic and geographic configuration of the area. Construction of an approach was actually started in 2003, provoking the Tuzla Island conflict ^[4].

Fishing

View across the strait in 1839, by Ivan Aivazovsky.

Several fish-processing plants are located on the Crimean coast of the strait. Fishing season begins in late autumn and lasts for 2-3 months, when many seiners put out into the strait to fish.

Oil spill

On Sunday 11 November 2007, news agencies reported a very strong storm on the Black Sea. Four ships sank, six ran aground on a sandbank and two tankers were damaged, causing a major oil spill and the death of 23 sailors. ^[5].

A Russian-flagged oil tanker, Volganeft-139, encountered trouble in the Kerch Strait where it sought shelter from the above storm.^[6] The storm split the tanker in half, resulting in the release of more than 2000 metric tons of fuel oil. It is thought that the effects of the spill are likely to be felt for many years to come. Four other boats sank in the storm, resulting in the release of sulphur cargo. Efforts to rescue crew members were hampered by the storm.^[7][8]

References

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.