List of Middle-earth weapons and armour

The following list of weapons and armour of Middle-earth includes all weaponry and armour directly taken from J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy legendarium.

Contents

Specific items

All of the following are specific weapons and pieces of armour referenced somewhere in Tolkien's legendarium. The original language of each name is given first, followed by the English translation of the name (if applicable) and a brief description of the weapon.

The spear that belonged to Gil-galad, king of the Noldorin Elves, who was slain during the War of the Last Alliance. The fate of Aeglos after the death of Gil-galad is unknown.[2]
  • Andúril: Flame of the West[3] (Quenya)) See also: Narsil
The new name of the sword reforged from the shards of Narsil in T.A. 3019 for the heir of Isildur, Aragorn. He carried the sword during his journey south as part of the Fellowship of the Ring and it featured prominently at several points in the story, where it was sometimes referred to as the Sword that was Broken. Narsil (broken and reforged) acts as a symbol of the kingship of Arnor and Gondor.[4]
  • Anglachel: [meaning unclear] (Sindarin) See also: Gurthang
A sword forged by Eöl the Dark Elf. It was one of two swords Eöl forged out of a black meteorite: the other, Anguirel, he kept for himself. Eöl gave this sword to Thingol as payment for staying in his forest, Nan Elmoth. Thingol gave the sword to his subject Beleg. While Beleg was unbinding the unconscious Túrin, the sword cut Túrin, Túrin then woke, and, not knowing Beleg in the dark, grabbed Anglachel and killed him. Túrin was then given the sword by Gwindor, where it was reforged and renamed Gurthang.[5]
  • Anguirel: [meaning unclear] (Sindarin)
One of the two swords forged by Eöl the Dark Elf from an iron meteorite. The other, Anglachel, he gave to Thingol for leave to dwell in Nan Elmoth, but Anguirel he kept for himself. It was later stolen from Eöl by his son Maeglin, when he and his mother Aredhel fled Nan Elmoth for Gondolin.[6]
A knife made by the great weaponsmith Telchar of Nogrod, and borne by Curufin. Beren, who had taken it from Curufin, used it to cut a magical Silmaril out of Morgoth's Iron Crown; as Beren attempted to remove a second enchanted jewel the knife broke and a shard cut Morgoth.[8]
A sword that belonged to Elu Thingol, King of Doriath and High King of the Sindar. It eventually passed into the hands of the Kings of Númenor, as an heirloom, and was presumably lost with Ar-Pharazôn, who was destroyed in the Caves of the Forgotten at the changing of the world.[10]
  • Barrow-blades:
Daggers or short swords forged in Arnor by the Dúnedain in the middle of the Third Age.[11] They are described as "long, leaf-shaped daggers damasked with serpent-forms in red and gold" inside black sheaths "wrought of some strange metal, light and strong, and set with many fiery stones",[12] with characters inscribed on the blades. Even though the blades had lain inside a barrow for centuries, they were unrusted, through some virtue in the sheaths or the spell that lay on the mound.[12] The blades are also said to be "wound with spells for the bane of Mordor".[13] The Barrow-blades were found by the Hobbits in a barrow in the Barrow-downs and given to them by Tom Bombadil, who said daggers for Men were short swords for the diminutive Hobbits.
Frodo's sword broke in the confrontation with the Witch-king at the fords of Rivendell.[14] Sting was later given to him by Bilbo at Rivendell. Sam, Merry and Pippin kept their swords.
When Merry and Pippin are captured by the Uruk-hai, Aragorn guessed that the hobbits were probably despoiled by the orcs save for the blades, as they feared these blades for the reasons mentioned above.[13] Uglúk, the leader of the Uruk-hai band, took the swords but "threw the things away as if they burned him",[15] though whether this was due merely to the fear of the blades as mentioned by Aragorn or to the magic within them is unknown.
Sam's sword was captured and sent with Frodo's various belongings to the Dark Tower when Frodo was taken by Orcs at Cirith Ungol. The "proofs" of Frodo's capture (mithril mail, Sam's sword, elven cloak) were seized from the Mouth of Sauron; the sword was later returned to Sam by Gandalf at the Field of Cormallen.
Merry's Barrow-blade played a major role in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields: with it Merry stabbed the Witch-king behind the knee, giving the outmatched Éowyn a chance to kill the Witch-king.[16] The blade of Merry's weapon was consumed by this encounter.[17]
Pippin used his sword to pledge fealty to Denethor, Steward of Gondor.[18] At the Battle of the Morannon, Pippin slew a great Troll-chief with it, saving his friend Beregond's life.[19]
Tolkien does not give the Barrow-blades names. During the Scouring of the Shire, Pippin called his sword "this troll's bane", though this is a description, not a name.
  • Black Arrow:
An heirloom of the house of Girion passed down to Bard. It was his last arrow remaining when Smaug attacked Laketown and, directed by a thrush, he shot it into Smaug's left breast (a weak spot in the dragon's armour), killing him.[20]
A bow of black yew wood that belonged to Beleg Cúthalion. It was buried with him by Túrin and Gwindor after the unintentional slaying of Beleg at the hands of Túrin.[22]
A sword that belonged to Beren.[23]
  • Dailir: [meaning unknown]
An unerring, ever-returning arrow that belonged to Beleg Cúthalion. In the Lay of the Children of Húrin, Dailir is described as "that feather-pinioned / snaketonguéd shaft".[24]
The great axe used by Tuor. After he sailed for the West, the axe was kept by his descendants and eventually became a royal heirloom of Númenor. It was lost in the Downfall of Númenor near the end of Second Age.[26]
  • Durin's Axe:
Presumably an heirloom of the Dwarves of Durin's folk. It appears only as a passing reference in the Book of Mazarbul.[27] Though not supported by the text, some[28] have concluded that it was the axe of Durin I, that it remained in Khazad-dûm after it was deserted in T.A. 1981, was subsequently found in T.A. 2989 by Balin's expedition, and lost again in T.A. 2994 when the Dwarf-colony was destroyed.
  • "Durin's Helm":
The same passage from The Fellowship of the Ring that mentions Durin's Axe also refers to a "helm", without attributing it to Durin. From this, without textual warrant, a "Durin's Helm" has occasionally been conjectured.
A sword forged for the Elven King Turgon in the First Age. For several thousand years it went missing, until Gandalf (and company) found it (along with the knife Sting and the sword Orcrist) in a troll cave in The Hobbit and claimed it for himself. Like Orcrist and Sting, Glamdring glowed blue in the presence of Orcs (goblins).
Glamdring, along with Orcrist, its mate, are described in The Hobbit as having "beautiful scabbards and jewelled hilts", and are inscribed with runes which Gandalf cannot read. However he immediately recognizes that "they are not made by any troll, nor by any smith among men in these parts and days." Later, Elrond of Rivendell deciphers the runes, and explains the swords' purpose and origin - crafted by the Elves of Gondolin for the "Goblin-wars". Elrond calls Glamdring "Foe-hammer that the king of Gondolin once wore". The Goblins call it "Beater".
Gandalf continued to use Glamdring through the events of The Lord of the Rings. He most probably took the sword with him to the Undying Lands at the end of the Third Age.[30]
In Unfinished Tales, one of the footnotes to the story "Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin" mentions that the sword of Turgon was "…white and gold…in a ruel-bone (ivory) sheath,..." While Glamdring is not mentioned by name, it is reasonable to assume that the same sword is described, as this work was written well after The Hobbit, when Tolkien was consciously writing to reconcile his stories of the First Age with those contained in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
(1) In the First Age, Grond was the great mace of Morgoth Bauglír, the first Dark Lord, who wielded it when he fought with Fingolfin, High King of the Noldor. With every blow from the hammer that struck the ground, a crater was formed "from whence smoke and fire darted". Morgoth managed to kill the High King, but not without receiving some wounds himself. The mace was also known as the Hammer of the Underworld. In some illustrations, the phrase "Hammer of the Underworld" is taken literally and Grond is erroneously depicted as a war hammer.[32]
(2) During the War of the Ring in the Third Age, the name was used for a great battering ram. A hundred feet long with a head shaped in the likeness of a ravening wolf, it was used in the siege of Minas Tirith. Grond destroyed the formidable gate of Minas Tirith in just four blows, the last three being aided by the Witch-king's sorcery.[33]
  • Gurthang: Iron of Death[34] (Sindarin) See also: Anglachel
The name of Anglachel after being reforged by the expert smithies at Nargothrond. It was renamed by Túrin, who began to wield it after the death of Beleg. The orcs and elves called the weapon, and Túrin, Mormegil, which means Black Sword. When Túrin discovered that his wife Níniel was in fact his sister and that she had killed herself, in despair he fell upon his sword. Gurthang was found broken under him and was laid in his mound beside him.[35] Tolkien portrays Gurthang speaking to Túrin, recalling those Túrin had slain unjustly with it as just reason to take Túrin's own life.[36]
A sword that belonged to Éomer. It was borne by him at the Battle of the Hornburg.[38]
A sword that belonged to Théoden. He had entrusted the blade to Gríma Wormtongue for safekeeping, but Gríma hid it away and allowed it to rust. When Gandalf restored Théoden to power, the sword was renewed as well.[40]
  • Helm of Hador:
A magical helm bore by the rulers of Dor-lómin. Also called the Dragon-helm due to its design. Tolkien describes the Helm in "Narn i Chîn Húrin", found in Unfinished Tales:
That helm was made of grey steel adorned with gold, and on it were graven runes of victory. A power was in it that guarded any who wore it from wound or death, for the sword that hewed it was broken, and the dart that smote it sprang aside. It had a visor (after the manner of those that the Dwarves used in their forges for the shielding of their eyes), and the face of one that wore it struck fear into the hearts of all beholders, but was itself guarded from dart and fire. Upon its crest was set in defiance a gilded image of the head of Glaurung the dragon; for it had been made soon after he first issued from the gates of Morgoth.
It was forged by the Dwarf Telchar of Nogrod, originally made for Azaghâl, Lord of Belegost. Azaghâl gave the helm to Maedhros as "guerdon for the saving of his life and treasure" when he was ambushed by orcs. Maedhros gave it as gift to Fingon in remembrance of his defeat of Glaurung (at his first appearance). No Elf under Fingon could be found strong enough to bear the helm, so Fingon gave it to Hador when he received the lordship of Dor-lómin. Hador was strong enough to wear the helm comfortably, and often wore it in battle. Hador was slain in the Dagor Bragollach along with his son Gundor; it is not clear whether he was wearing the helm at that time. Hador’s son Galdor the Tall wore the helm also, but Galdor was slain by an arrow during an attack on Eithel Sirion when not wearing the helm. Húrin, son of Galdor, did not use the helm. He was of lesser stature than his fathers and did not wear it comfortably, and he preferred to look on his enemies with his own eyes. Thus the Helm remained in Dor-lómin when Húrin went to the Unnumbered Tears and was captured by Morgoth. Morwen, Húrin’s wife, sent the Helm to Túrin, Húrin’s son in Doriath and he eventually began to use it in war at various times. After the death of Túrin the helm’s fate is not clear; it seems to have been left on Amon Rûdh.
  • Legolas's Long Knife:
A long knife carried by Legolas of Mirkwood, apparently for close quarters combat as an alternative to his longbow. He slew several Uruk-hai with his knife during the Battle of Helm's Deep when they scaled the walls of the fortress. In the film trilogy, Legolas wields two identical long knives.
  • Mithril-shirt
Main article: Mithril#The mithril-coat
A shirt of mail forged from mithril given by Thorin Oakenshield to Bilbo Baggins. Bilbo gave it in turn to his kinsman Frodo Baggins, and it saved him from harm several times. It came with a small helm, but that was apparently lost by Bilbo.
  • Morgul-blade:
A magical poisoned dagger used by the Nazgûl. At Weathertop, during his journey to Rivendell with the One Ring, the Hobbit Frodo Baggins was stabbed with a Morgul-blade by a Nazgûl. A fragment of the blade remained within the wound, working its way toward his heart and threatening to turn Frodo into a wraith. Elrond was able to remove the shard and heal the wound, but each year on the anniversary of his stabbing Frodo became seriously ill. Only his eventual departure to Eldamar offered a permanent cure. Athelas (or kingsfoil) is known to slow the poisonous effect of Morgul-blades. Another victim of a Morgul-blade was Boromir, the eleventh Steward of Gondor (not the Boromir of Frodo's company). He eventually died of his wound but did not become a wraith.[41]
  • Narsil: The name contains the elements nar "fire" and thil "white light", thus Red and White Flame[42] (Sindarin) See also: Andúril
The sword of King Elendil of the Dúnedain. It was forged during the First Age by the Dwarf Telchar, making it a cousin to the blade Angrist which cut a Silmaril from the crown of Morgoth. Elendil used Narsil in the Siege of Barad-dûr and, being slain in combat with Sauron, fell over it and broke it. His son Isildur took it up and used the broken sword to cut the One Ring from the hand of Sauron. After Isildur was killed in T.A. 2, the shards were rescued by Ohtar, esquire of Isildur. The Shards of Narsil were one of the heirlooms of the Kings of Arnor, and after the Northern Kingdom was destroyed they remained an heirloom of the Rangers of the North, although it was not reforged (as Andúril) until the War of the Ring.[43]
A noted sword of the Dwarf-lord Thorin Oakenshield from The Hobbit. Like the knife Sting and the sword Glamdring, it was crafted by the Elves of Gondolin for use against the forces of Morgoth in the "Goblin-wars" (i.e. the War of the Jewels). These blades could detect the presence of Goblins by glowing blue. The Goblins called the sword "Biter".
It was discovered together with Sting and Glamdring by Thorin's party in a Troll-hoard. Elrond identified it by its runes, and said it was a "famous blade". It was confiscated from Thorin by Wood-elves; Thorin used an axe instead in the Battle of Five Armies, where he was mortally wounded. After his death Orcrist was placed upon Thorin's tomb by Thranduil, where, Tolkien writes, it "gleamed ever in the dark if foes approached".[45]
  • Red Arrow:
An arrow used by Gondor to summon its allies in time of need. Its flights were black and its barbs were made of steel, and it took its name from a mark of red painted on the arrow's tip, standing for blood to show the situation was serious. The black flights resembled those found on the arrows of Orcs. First mention of the Red Arrow is when Borondir of Gondor and five other messengers rode north along Anduin to seek out Gondor's old allies, the Éothéod, when Gondor was being overrun by Easterlings in T.A. 2509. Borondir was the only survivor, and presented the Red Arrow to the Éothéod King Eorl the Young. Later it became a summons for the Rohirrim. The Red Arrow was presented to Rohan by Hirgon in the War of the Ring, and Théoden King rode out with the Muster of Rohan to the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.[46]
The sword of Fingolfin, High-King of the Noldor. It bit with chilling cold, and glittered like ice.[47] Fingolfin wielded it to great effect against Morgoth, wounding him seven times and hewing Morgoth's right foot. However, Fingolfin was eventually slain by Morgoth.[48]
  • Sting:
An Elvish knife made in Gondolin in the First Age. Sting was named and used as a sword by Bilbo, who found it in a troll-hoard together with the swords Glamdring and Orcrist. Although it was only a dagger by the standard of Men or Elves, it made a handy short sword for a hobbit. Bilbo named the blade after fighting giant spiders in Mirkwood. The spiders themselves referred to it as his "sting." The weapon glows blue in the presence of Orcs; this was a common property of First Age Elven blades, particularly those forged in Gondolin.
Bilbo gave Sting to Frodo just before the Fellowship of the Ring sets off from Rivendell. When Frodo was betrayed at the pass of Cirith Ungol, Samwise Gamgee saved it from being captured, but later returned the weapon to Frodo.
Gollum, who disliked anything made by Elves, was afraid of Sting. This fear helped Bilbo when he confronted Gollum under the Misty Mountains in The Hobbit. It also helped Frodo to tame Gollum temporarily in The Lord of the Rings.
Sting was exceptionally sharp. Bilbo manages to thrust it without effort deep into a wooden beam at Rivendell. Frodo also wounds a troll in Moria, after Boromir strikes at it with his own sword to no avail. He also cuts Shelob's webs easily with it; they seem to melt at its touch, whereas Sam finds it nearly impossible to cut them with his Barrow-blade.[49]
In The Fellowship of the Ring, the Lord of the Nazgûl wields a sword, as do the other Nazgûl, as well as the Morgul-blade with which he stabs Frodo. In The Return of the King, his sword bursts into flame (presumably at his will through sorcery) during his confrontation with Gandalf at the Gate of Minas Tirith. In his duel with Éowyn, he uses a mace.[50]

General information

  • Swords (Sindarin: meigol, Quenya: macili or langor (broad sword), Telerin: maculi; Noldorin: crist or lhang (broad sword))
Among the Elves, the Noldor were famed for their swords. In some versions of the story of the Fall of Gondolin, Egalmoth, one of the captains of Gondolin, bore a curved sword alone of all the Noldor, which suggests Elven swords were normally envisioned as straight. Ecthelion's battalion bore long swords in the same story.
The Dwarves used swords as well. In The Hobbit Dáin's troops bear short swords and shields as well as mattocks.
As described in Unfinished Tales, in addition to longer blades, the Númenóreans used a short sword, called an ecet. It was a stabbing weapon. Isildur threw all his weapons and armour away except his ecet when escaping from an Orc-ambush at the Disaster of the Gladden Fields.
Common Orcs used curved or crooked swords (the word Tolkien uses is scimitars) while Saruman's Uruk-hai used short broad-bladed ones.[51]
The Ringwraiths used steel swords.[52]
In his 1930's etymological word list Tolkien provides the word hadhathang (dissimilated: havathang, hadhafang), which he translates as "throng-cleaver".[53] Hadhafang was used as a name for the non-canonical sword of Arwen in the Peter Jackson movie trilogy. The author never actually used this sword name in any of his writings.
The term lhang, Noldorin, cutlass, sword [54] was also used for a large two-handed, curved-bladed sword with a long handle used by Elves in the Peter Jackson adaptations of The Lord of the Rings.
  • Axes (Sindarin: heithol, Quenya: peleccor, Khuzdûl: baruk)
"The chief weapon of the Naugrim" [i.e. "Dwarves", citation from WJ:13] was the axe, as exemplified throughout Tolkien's legendarium.
The Sindar of the First Age were lightly armed in battle and used axes as well.
Some Easterlings of the Third Age used axes.
  • Bows (Sindarin: ping, Quenya: quingar or cú, Telerin: pingai; Doriathrin: cú, as in Cúthalion - bow+strong)
Elves were known to have used longbows (in the case of the Elves of Doriath and Lothlórien) and smaller bows (in the case of Legolas and the Elves of Mirkwood).
The human woodsmen in The Hobbit were said to use great yew bows, as were Saruman's Uruk-hai.[55]
As described in Unfinished Tales, the Númenóreans used a type of bow called the steelbow which was hollow and made of steel, as its name implies. It was much feared by their enemies.
Hobbits also used bows, as described at the end of The Return of the King.
  • Spears (Sindarin: ecthil, Quenya: hatal or ehti, Telerin: etti)
The Vanyar were famous for their spears.. The Rangers of the Grey Company bore spears in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, and the Elves of Mirkwood also bore spears in the Battle of the Five Armies.[56]
The Riders of Rohan were famed for their skill as horsemen and used spears as lances.[57]
The Easterlings (Wainriders) are mentioned to have used pikes as a defence against horse-troops in Unfinished Tales
Saruman used pikemen in the Battles of the Fords of Isen.[58]
Warriors in Middle-earth used mainly mail or scale armour. No plate armour was used except for individual pieces such as vambraces, or forearm guards, or greaves, or shinguards. Responding to a query about clothing in Middle-earth, Tolkien wrote:

The Rohirrim were not "medieval", in our sense. The styles of the Bayeux Tapestry (made in England) fit them well enough, if one remembers that the kind of tennis-nets [the] soldiers seem to have on are only a clumsy conventional sign for chainmail of small rings.[59]

The Dwarves are said to make mail of exceptionally high quality. Frodo's mithril shirt (originally Bilbo's) was made by them. Dáin's Dwarves also made metal hose for their legs, and kept secret the way it was made.[60]
Orcs wear poor-quality ring mail with large rings having few links. Gimli encounters an Orc at Helm's Deep who wears an iron collar for defence against strokes to the neck (his axe is damaged as a result).[61]
The Haradrim used armour with "overlapping brazen plates" together with steel helmets.[62]
Prince Imrahil of Dol Amroth wore a metal vambrace.[57]

See also

  • Hadhafang, a named sword invented for the New Line films

References

  • Joseph Piela, "Arms and Armour" in: J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia (2006), ISBN 978-0415969420.
  • Anthony Burdge, "Weapons, Named" in: J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia (2006), ISBN 978-0415969420.

Specific notes and references

  1. ↑ The Silmarillion, p. 313
  2. ↑ The Silmarillion, p. 294; Unfinished Tales, pp. 148, 417
  3. ↑ The Return of the King. p. 437
  4. ↑ Prominently mentioned: The Fellowship of the Ring, pp. 290, 338–9, 391; The Two Towers, pp. 36, 104, 115, 139; The Return of the King, pp. 123, 158, 245
  5. ↑ The Silmarillion, pp. 201–2, 206–10, 316; Unfinished Tales, pp. 148, 419
  6. ↑ The Silmarillion, p. 202
  7. ↑ The Silmarillion. p. 316
  8. ↑ The Silmarillion, pp. 177, 181
  9. ↑ The Silmarillion. p. 317
  10. ↑ The Silmarillion, pp. 201, 279; Unfinished Tales, p. 171
  11. ↑ The Return of the King, "The Battle of the Pelennor Fields", pp. 119–120.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 The Fellowship of the Ring, "Fog on the Barrow-downs", p. 192
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 The Two Towers, "The Departure of Boromir", p.405
  14. ↑ The Fellowship of the Ring, "Flight to the Ford", p. 286.
  15. ↑ The Two Towers, "Flotsam and Jetsam".
  16. ↑ The Return of the King, "The Battle of the Pelennor Fields", p. 117
  17. ↑ The Return of the King, "The Battle of the Pelennor Fields", p. 119.
  18. ↑ The Return of the King, "Minas Tirith", p. 17-18
  19. ↑ The Return of the King, "The Black Gate Opens", p. 197
  20. ↑ The Hobbit
  21. ↑ The Lost Road. p. 388
  22. ↑ The Silmarillion, pp. 208, 320; The Lays of Beleriand, pp. 26, 117, 127
  23. ↑ The Lays of Beleriand, pp. 344, 350
  24. ↑ The Lays of Beleriand, pp. 42, 45, 53, 55
  25. ↑ Unfinished Tales. p. 172; The Book of Lost Tales (vol. 2), "The Fall of Gondolin"
  26. ↑ Unfinished Tales. p. 172
  27. ↑ The Fellowship of the Ring, p. 336
  28. ↑ See, for example, Tolkien Gateway.
  29. ↑ The Hobbit. p. 62
  30. ↑ The Hobbit, p. 53; The Fellowship of the Ring, pp. 293, 324; The Two Towers, p. 115; The Return of the King, p. 272; Unfinished Tales, p. 54
  31. ↑ The Lost Road
  32. ↑ The Silmarillion, pp. 154, 333
  33. ↑ The Return of the King, p. 112
  34. ↑ Unfinished Tales. p. 443
  35. ↑ The Silmarillion, p. 226
  36. ↑ The Silmarillion, p. 225.
  37. ↑ Tolkien Dictionary
  38. ↑ The Two Towers, p. 139
  39. ↑ Tolkien Dictionary
  40. ↑ The Two Towers, p. 123
  41. ↑ The Fellowship of the Ring, pp. 208, 210; The Return of the King, p. 333
  42. ↑ The Return of the King. p. 438; Further information in The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
  43. ↑ The Silmarillion, pp. 294–5, 343; Unfinished Tales, pp. 272, 275; The Fellowship of the Ring, pp. 256–7; The Return of the King, p. 123
  44. ↑ The Hobbit. p. 62
  45. ↑ The Hobbit, pp. 53, 303
  46. ↑ The Return of the King, p. 72; Unfinished Tales, pp. 364, 411
  47. ↑ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1985), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The Lays of Beleriand, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, The Lay of Leithian, Canto XII, ISBN 0-395-39429-5 
  48. ↑ The Silmarillion, pp. 153–4, 347
  49. ↑ The Hobbit, pp. 53, 83, 167, etc.;The Fellowship of the Ring, pp. 23, 290; The Two Towers, p. 221, The Return of the King, pp. 173, 204
  50. ↑ The Fellowship of the Ring, p. 208; The Return of the King, pp. 103, 117
  51. ↑ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954), The Two Towers, The Lord of the Rings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin (published 1987), ISBN 0-395-08254-4 
  52. ↑ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954), The Fellowship of the Ring, The Lord of the Rings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin (published 1987), ISBN 0-395-08254-4 
  53. ↑ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1987), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The Lost Road and Other Writings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-395-45519-7 
  54. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien editor, The History of Middle-earth, Vol. V, (1987), p. 367
  55. ↑ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954), The Two Towers, The Lord of the Rings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin (published 1987), ISBN 0-395-08254-4 
  56. ↑ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1937), Douglas A. Anderson, ed., The Annotated Hobbit, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002, "The Storm Breaks", ISBN 0-618-13470-0 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Tolkien, J. R. R. (1955), The Return of the King, The Lord of the Rings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin (published 1987), "The Battle of the Pelennor Fields", ISBN 0-395-08256-0 
  58. ↑ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1980), Christopher Tolkien, ed., Unfinished Tales, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, "The Battles of the Fords of Isen, ISBN 0-395-29917-9 
  59. ↑ Carpenter, Humphrey, ed. (1981), The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, #211, ISBN 0-395-31555-7 
  60. ↑ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1937), Douglas A. Anderson, ed., The Annotated Hobbit, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002, "The Gathering of the Clouds", ISBN 0-618-13470-0 
  61. ↑ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954), The Two Towers, The Lord of the Rings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin (published 1987), "Flotsam and Jetsam", ISBN 0-395-08254-4 
  62. ↑ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954), The Two Towers, The Lord of the Rings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin (published 1987), "The Black Gate is Closed", ISBN 0-395-08254-4 
Weapons of Middle-earth
Aeglos · Andúril · Anglachel · Anguirel · Angrist · Aranrúth · Belthronding · Black Arrow · Dagmor · Dailir · Dramborleg · Durin's Axe · Glamdring · Grond · Gúthwinë · Gurthang · Herugrim · Morgul-blade · Narsil · Orcrist · Red Arrow · Ringil · Sting