Scandinavian Airlines System

Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) is a multi-national airline for Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and the leading carrier in the Scandinavian countries, based in Stockholm, Sweden and owned by SAS AB. It is a founding member of the Star Alliance. It is also the founder of Air Greenland, Linjeflyg, Spanair, Thai Airways International, and the former charter airline Scanair, and is the 20% owner of bmi as well as 49% of Estonian Air. SAS operates out of three primary hubs, Copenhagen Airport, Stockholm-Arlanda Airport, and Oslo Airport. In 2006 Scandinavian Airlines had 25 million passengers and the SAS Group had 38.6 million passengers.^[1]

History

The airline was founded on August 1, 1946, when Det Danske Luftfartselskab A/S, Svensk Interkontinental Lufttrafik AB, and Det Norske Luftfartselskap AS (the flag carriers of Denmark, Sweden and Norway) formed a partnership to handle intercontinental traffic to Scandinavia[1]. Operations started on September 17, 1946. The companies coordinated European operations in 1948 and finally merged to form the SAS Consortium in 1951. When established, the airline was divided between SAS Danmark (28.6%), SAS Norge (28.6%) and SAS Sverige (42.8%), all owned 50% by private investors and 50% by their governments.

Passengers disembarking a SAS DC-6

In 1954, SAS became the first airline in the world to operate a trans-polar route. It was from Copenhagen to Los Angeles, stopping in Søndre Strømfjord in Greenland, and it became popular with Hollywood celebrities and production people when travelling to Europe. The route was a publicity coup for the airline, which became well known as a result. Thanks to a price structure which allowed free transit to other European destinations these trans polar routes were enormously popular with American tourists in the 1950s. It would later operate trans-polar routes to East Asia, over Greenland and Alaska, since Siberia and China were not allowed to be flown-over at that time.

In 1957, SAS was the first airline to offer "round the world service over the North Pole" via the North Pole shortcut, Copenhagen-Anchorage-Tokyo. SAS entered the jet age in 1959 when the first jet aircraft, the Caravelle, entered service. In 1971, SAS put its first Boeing 747 jumbo jet into service.

SAS gradually acquired control of the domestic markets in all three countries by acquiring full or partial control of local airlines, including Braathens and Widerøe in Norway, Linjeflyg and Skyways Express in Sweden and Cimber Air in Denmark. In 1989, SAS acquired 18.4% of Texas Air Corporation, parent company of Continental Airlines, in a bid to form a global alliance. This stake was later sold. During the 1990s, SAS also bought a 20% stake in British Midland which, along with Lufthansa, own 30% - 1 share of the carrier (although LH in January 2009 will own 80% of the carrier). SAS bought 95% of Spanair, the second largest airline in Spain as well as Air Greenland. There are plans to dispose of all of these holdings. ^[2]

In May 1997, SAS formed the global Star Alliance network with Air Canada, Lufthansa, Thai Airways International and United Airlines. Four years earlier, SAS unsuccessfully attempted to merge with KLM, Austrian, and the defunct carrier, Swissair, in a project called Alcazar. ^[3] This failure led to the departure the following year of CEO Jan Carlzon, who was credited for the financial turnaround of the company starting in 1981 and who envisioned SAS ownership of multiple airlines worldwide. The ownership structure of SAS was changed in June 2001, with a holding company being created in which the holdings of the governments changed to: Sweden (21.4%), Norway (14.3%) and Denmark (14.3%) and the remaining 50% publicly held and traded on the stock market. SAS employs 9147 staff.

In 2004, Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) was divided into 4 different companies SAS Scandinavian Airlines Sverige AB, SAS Scandinavian Airlines Danmark AS, SAS Braathens AS and SAS Scandinavian International AS. SAS Braathens was rebranded SAS Scandinavian Airlines Norge AS in 2007.

Awards

SAS has numerous awards collected, including Airline of the year and best international bonus promotion.

Main article: Scandinavian Airlines System Awards

Subsidiaries

Airbus A330-343

McDonnell Douglas MD-82 taking off

Scandinavian Airlines International – SAS

Is responsible for the SAS International Group's intercontinental traffic with long haul routes to North America and Asia out of the main hub in Copenhagen, as well as Stockholm. Scandinavian Airlines International also operates all sales units outside Scandinavia. In all, Scandinavian Airlines International, has aprox. 900 employees.

Scandinavian Airlines Danmark

Is responsible for the traffic from Copenhagen to other European countries, the route from Copenhagen to Oslo, as well as for Danish domestic routes. Scandinavian Airlines DK is responsible for the sales units within Denmark. The company has about 2800 employees.

Scandinavian Airlines Sverige

Is responsible for the traffic from Stockholm to other European countries, as well as for Swedish domestic routes. Scandinavian Airlines Sweden is also responsible for the sales units within Sweden. The company has about 2500 employees.

Scandinavian Airlines Norge

Scandinavian Airlines Norge is the result of the merger of SAS Norway and Braathens. The airline was first called SAS Braathens, but changed name to Scandinavian Airlines Norge in 2007, SAS Norge is responsible for the traffic within Norway, as well as for the routes from Norway to other European countries. SAS Norge is also responsible for the sales units within Norway. The company has about 3500 employees.

SAS Business Opportunities

Destinations

Main article: Scandinavian Airlines System destinations

Further information: SAS Group destinations

News

During 2007 SAS started eleven routes from Stockholm, two routes from Gothenburg, one route from Oslo as well as three seasonal routes from Copenhagen.[2]. During the first half of 2008 SAS started 13 new routes from Oslo, 4 from Sweden and 3 from Copenhagen

As of July 2008 SAS have announced the following routes to open:

Fleet

See also SAS Group Fleet

Eleven aircraft will be pulled from the fleet in the autumn of 2008.

The Scandinavian Airlines fleet includes the following aircraft as of November 2007:^[4][5]

SAS Scandinavian Airlines Fleet only for subsdidaries see SAS Group fleet. The average age of the SAS fleet is 12.5 years as of June 2008.^[6]

Retired fleet

Dash 8 Q400 removal

On October 28, 2007, in a move that was described as unique by Swedish news, the board of directors announced that all 27 Dash 8 Q400 aircraft were to be removed from service due to the three recent landing gear failures. In a move the board of directors hopes to prevent the loss of trust in the SAS brand, the cost of this action is yet to be calculated.^[7]

A press release from SAS indicated that the company had reached a settlement with Bombardier and Goodrich, where the airline would receive SEK one billion as compensation, while SAS would purchase 27 new aircraft, with an option of 24 more. These aircraft will consist of 13 of the CRJ900 Nextgen (10 to SAS and 3 to Estonian Air) and 14 of the updated Q400 Nextgen units (8 to airBaltic and 6 to Widerøe), with 7 additional options. ^[8][9]

Fingerprint biometric identification

In 2006 SAS Sweden launched a new biometric system in use throughout Sweden. Each passenger's fingerprints are matched to their respective checked baggage, for security purposes. The new technology will be phased into all airports that SAS serves, though use of the system is voluntary for passengers.

Cabin

Domestic

One class

Breakfast is served free, after 9am sandwiches and drinks are available for purchase from the "CloudShop" buy on board programme.^[10][11][12]

Intra-Scandinavia

Passengers booked with a Business class ticket travel in Economy Extra on Intra-Scandinavian flights.

Economy Class

Breakfast, sandwiches and drinks are available for purchase from the "CloudShop".^[10][11][12]

Economy Extra

Fast-track at the Security at some European airports, a three-course cold meal or cold breakfast.

Europe

Economy Class

Breakfast, sandwiches and drinks are available for purchase from the "CloudShop".^[10][11][12]

Economy Extra

Fast-track at security at some European airports, a three-course cold meal or cold breakfast. The Economy Extra class is priced almost like Business class, and it is a play with words, since the state authorities and many companies in at least Sweden have rules saying that air travel shall be done in economy class if possible.

Business

Fast-track at security at some European airports and access to lounges. Free centre seat. Complimentary magazines and destination newspapers are distributed in the cabin. Cocktails and cold snacks are served before meal, a three-course hot meal or hot breakfast, on flights shorter than 1 hours and 40 minutes a cold meal is served. After the meal dessert, coffee/tea and avec are served separate. Before landing a give-away is handed out (e.g. Valhrona chocolate).

Intercontinental

Economy Class

Cocktails before dinner, and a three-course dinner is served (including 2 free alcoholic beverages). The starter is typically a salad, followed by a hot meal, fresh bread and dessert. Coffee or tea is also served. Between meals juice, water, snacks and sandwiches are available, depending on the length of the flight. Avec and other alcoholic beverages are available for purchase. On nighttime flights, breakfast is served before landing. On daytime flights a cold meal is served.

Economy Extra

Fast-track at security at some European airports, juice upon boarding, cocktails and cold snacks are served before dinner. A three-course dinner is then served. The starter is normally a salad, followed by a choice between two hot main dishes, accompanied by fresh bread and dessert. Coffee or tea with brandy, cognac or liqueur is also served. Between meals juice, water, snacks and sandwiches are available, depending on the length of the flight. A hot breakfast or lunch is served on Asian flights, while on US flights a snack or breakfast is served.

Business

Fast-track at security at some European airports and access to lounges, upon boarding, cocktails are served, and cocktails and cold snacks are available before dinner. A full three-course dinner follows. The starter is again a mixed salad, followed by a first course and a choice of four different hot meals for the main course. There is always one vegetarian alternative. A selection of cheeses and desserts is served together with coffee or tea with brandy (cognac/liqueur). Alternatively, there is the option of a light cold meal on all night flights, served before the main dinner service. In between meals there is a buffet in the galley serving a range of coffee and sandwiches. On nighttime flights breakfast will be served before landing, with an option of choosing an express breakfast or a Grab and Go Breakfast bag after landing. On daytime flights a second meal will be served.

Euro Bonus

Boeing 737-600

Boeing 737-800

Frequent flyer programs

SAS own program EuroBonus, also earns points on other Star Alliance Frequent flyer programs.

Membership clubs

Fly Home Club, for Scandinavians living abroad.

SAS lounges

Locations

The following locations are SAS Scandinavian, Stockholm, and Business locations:

• Brussels Airport
• Charles de Gaulle International Airport
• Chicago O'Hare International Airport
• Copenhagen Airport (2)
• Gothenburg-Landvetter Airport
• Helsinki-Vantaa Airport
• London Heathrow Airport
• Newark Liberty International Airport
• Oslo Airport (2)
• Seattle-Tacoma International Airport
• Stockholm-Arlanda Airport (3)

EuroBonus Gold card members are allowed to use partner clubs, as well as Star Alliance Gold lounges, which offer more clubs in more locations. For partner club information, visit http://www.flysas.com/: [8].

Partners

Besides the agreements SAS has with its Star Alliance partners, SAS also has strategic agreements with Lufthansa, Swiss, Austrian and United. The agreement includes code sharing and time tables that are suited for easier connections between SAS and the other airlines. SAS also co-operates with the other airlines in the SAS Group. More Recently, SAS has began codesharing with Shanghai Airlines, which just entered the Star Alliance, complimenting codeshares with Air China.

Incidents and accidents

• On July 4, 1948, a DC-6B, SE-BDA collided with a British military plane at Northwood, north of London, England. All 32 on board were killed.
• On January 19, 1960, a Caravelle III, OY-KRB crashed near Ankara, Turkey. All 42 on board were killed.
• On January 13, 1969, a DC-8-62, LN-MOO, hit the water while approaching Los Angeles. 15 of the 45 on board were killed.
• On April 19, 1970 a DC-8-62, SE-DBE, experienced an uncontained engine fire during takeoff from Rome. Aircraft burned out, but all on board managed to evacuate safely.
• On January 30, 1973, a DC-9-21, LN-RLM SAS flight 370, Oslo-Alta via Tromsø, was cleared for takeoff from runway 24. The takeoff run was normal and the DC-9 rotated at V_R (125 knots). At that moment the stall warning system activated. Although the speed had increased to 140 knots (259 km/h), the pilot decided to abort the takeoff. The remaining 1100 m however was not enough to bring the aircraft to a halt, the reversers did not deploy completely and the aircraft overran the runway and onto the ice covered Oslofjord. All passengers and crew evacuated before the plane broke through the ice and sank 20 minutes later. The decision to abort the take-off in spite of the high speed was due to the fact, that the flight crew had received outdated (by several hours) runway data, giving much better braking coefficients than the actual ones.
• On February 28, 1984, SAS Flight 901, DC-10, LN-RKB departed Oslo (GEN) for a flight to New York JFK. The aircraft touched down 1440 m past the runway 4R threshold. The crew steered the plane to the right side off the runway to avoid approach lights. The DC-10 ended up in shallow water. All on board the plane were uninjured.
• On December 27, 1991, SAS flight 751, a MD-81, OY-KHO "Dana Viking" crash landed at Gottröra, Sweden. In the initial climb both engines ingested ice breaking loose from the wings, which had not been properly deiced before departure. The ice damaged the compressor blades causing compressor stall. The stall caused repeated engine surges that destroyed both engines, leaving the aircraft with no propulsion. The aircraft landed in a field and broke in three parts. No fire broke out and all aboard the plane survived. Captain Stefan G. Rasmussen was later decorated by the Danish Queen for his performance. This incident was mentioned on The History Channel's True Action Adventures episode "Against All Odds" which first aired in the United States on April 2, 1997.
• The Linate Airport disaster, involving the highest number of SAS passenger fatalities, occurred on October 8 2001 in Milan, Italy, when an MD-87, SAS flight SK686, SE-DMA collided with a small Cessna jet during take-off. All 104 passengers and 6 crew aboard SK686 were killed, along with 4 people on the Cessna and another 4 people on the ground. Italian authorities established that the cause of the accident was a misunderstanding between air traffic controllers and the Cessna jet, and that the SAS crew had no role in causing the accident. Another factor was the fact that the ground movement radar was inoperative at the time of the accident.
• On September 9 2007, a de Havilland Canada Dash 8-400 (Q400), SAS flight SK1209 with 69 passengers and 4 crew members was on flight to Aalborg Airport when problems with the main landing gear were identified. The pilots were forced to make an emergency landing at Aalborg Airport. After landing the right gear collapsed and the plane toppled to the right and turned around and ended on a field and the right engine caught fire. The fire was immediately extinguished. There were no severe injuries.
• On September 12 2007, a Dash 8-400 (Q400), SAS flight SK2748 with 48 passengers and 4 crew members was on flight to Palanga, Lithuania when problems with the main landing gear were identified. The pilots were forced to make an emergency landing at Vilnius Airport (better suited for an emergency landing). After landing the right gear collapsed. There were no severe injuries. This accident, along with the Aalborg accident just days earlier, caused all SAS Dash 8-400 planes to be grounded until the beginning of October ^[13].
• On October 27 2007, a Dash 8-400 (Q400), SAS flight SK2867 from Bergen, Norway with 40 passengers and 4 crew members was on flight to Copenhagen, Denmark when problems with the main landing gear were identified. The pilots were forced to land the aircraft with port side landing gear up. There were no severe injuries. The aircraft in question was one of six examples that had been cleared to fly just a month before, following the grounding of the entire Scandinavian Airlines Dash 8-400 fleet due to similar issues with landing gear. The entire fleet was grounded again following the incident. It was subsequently announced that the entire fleet would be retired with immediate effect. ^[14]

See also

• Amadeus IT Group
• SAS Group
• Star Alliance
• Norwegian aviation college

References

External links

Company websites

• SAS website
• SAS Denmark website
• SAS Norway website
• SAS Sweden website
• SAS Group corporate website
• SAS Flight Operations

Other websites

• Pictures of Scandinavian Airlines fleet

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