Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport
| Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport छ्त्रपती शिवाजी अंतरराष्ट्रीय विमानतळ |
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| IATA: BOM – ICAO: VABB | |||
| Summary | |||
| Airport type | Public | ||
| Operator | Mumbai International Airport Limited | ||
| Serves | Mumbai | ||
| Location | Mumbai, India | ||
| Elevation AMSL | 37 ft / 11 m | ||
| Website | |||
| Runways | |||
| Direction | Length | Surface | |
| m | ft | ||
| 14/32 | 2,925 | 9,596 | Asphalt |
| 09/27 | 3,445 | 11,302 | Asphalt |
| Source: DAFIF[1][2] | |||
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (Marathi: छ्त्रपती शिवाजी अंतरराष्ट्रीय विमानतळ) (IATA: BOM, ICAO: VABB), formerly Sahar International Airport, is situated in the city of Mumbai in Maharashtra, India.
The airport, with its two terminals spread over an operational area of 1,450 acres (5.9 km2), is India's largest and most important aviation hub and it primarily serves the city of Mumbai. The terminals were formerly known as Sahar (international) and Santa Cruz (domestic). The airport was recently renamed after the 17th century Maratha Emperor, Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhosle, to Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport.
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History
RAF Santa Cruz was a defence airfield of the Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF) during World War II and was entrusted in the 1950s (after India gained independence from Britain) to the Public Works Department, and subsequently the Ministry of Civil Aviation of the Government of India. It was named after the neighbourhood of Santa Cruz where the airfield was located. Santa Cruz Airport remained the name until the new international terminal became operational at nearby Sahar in 1981. Even today, the domestic terminals 1-A and 1-B are commonly referred to as Santa Cruz.
Statistics
Mumbai airport is the busiest in the Indian Subcontinent. The Mumbai-Delhi route was recently ranked by Official Airline Guide (OAG) as the seventh-busiest domestic route in the world, based on the number of flights per week. The airport along with Delhi's Indira Gandhi Airport is the primary international gateway to India and served by 46 international airlines. It is the primary hub for Air India and Jet Airways and also serves as a secondary hub for a few other airlines, including Indian Airlines, Jet Lite, GoAir, Air Deccan, SpiceJet, IndiGo Airlines and Kingfisher Airlines. International traffic peaks late in the night, whilst peak domestic traffic is before 10:00. Nevertheless, at least 45% of traffic flows between 10:00 and 18:30 daily.
This airport, along with airports in Delhi, Chennai and Bangalore, handles more than 50% of the passengers in India. In the 11 months between April 2006 and February 2007, Mumbai airport handled 180,000 landings and takeoffs and over 20 million passengers, with a total of 13.56 million domestic air passengers and 6.73 million international passengers. It registered a 21.28% growth in passenger traffic over the previous year 2005-06, when the figure was 17.6 million passengers.[3]
Structure
The airport consists of two main terminals: Terminal 1 (aka Santa Cruz) for domestic flights and Terminal 2 (aka Sahar) for international flights. These terminals use the same airside facilities but are physically separated on the landside, requiring a 10-15 minute drive between them. The Airports Authority of India provides shuttle services between the domestic and international terminals for connecting passengers. Terminal 1 is further divided into Terminal 1-A, opened in April 1992, and serves Air India's subsidiaries Indian Airlines and Air India Regional, as well as Kingfisher Airlines. Terminal 1-B serves Jet Airways and JetLite, SpiceJet, Air Deccan, GoAir, IndiGo Airlines and other private domestic carriers. Terminal 2, designed by Aéroports de Paris and opened in January 1981, is now Terminal 2-A. The original complex consisting of parking bays 41-46, namely, gates 3 to 8, the first aerobridges ever installed in the Subcontinent serves most airlines whereas Terminal 2-C, inaugurated in October 1999, is exclusively for Air India, Air-India Express and those carriers whose ground operations are handled by Air India. Terminal 2-B, functioned as an extension wing between September 1986 and October 1999 for Air India and handled airlines, before becoming disused when 2-C opened. Terminal 2-B is now back in use following the closure of 2-A for renovation.
Mumbai has two intersecting runways designated 09/27 and 14/32. Runway 14/32, 2,925 metres (9,596 ft)[1], runs between terminals 1 and 2, while the main runway 09/27 is 3,445 m (11,302 ft)[1] (previously designated as 3,489 m (11,447 ft)) intersects it south of the terminal buildings. Instrument landing system (ILS) approaches are available on all runways, with runway 27 having CAT2 capabilities. The ILS on 27 starts at 3,700 ft (1,100 m) and is 10.5 nautical miles (19.4 km) long with a glide slope path of 3.3°. With regard to (truncated) use of both runways, only 11,303 ft (3,445 m) is designated usable at 09/27 and 9,596 ft (2,925 m) at 14/32, especially for landings. Runway 14 approach requires aircraft to backtrack and exit upon landing as the turning pad at 32 end is unusable. Due to maintenance runway 09/27 is unavailable for operations between 0715-0915Z on Mondays and Saturdays, and between 0715-0845Z on Wednesdays. A parallel taxiway has been installed on runway 14/32 for aircraft landing and taxing which saves time as well as runway occupancy.Meanwhile the lengths of both the runways are being extended.
From January 1, 2006, both runways were operated simultaneously for three hours in the morning from 0530 to 0830. On average, about 50 flights of smaller aircraft have taken off daily from 14/32 in this time period. Since the experiment was deemed successful it has recently been decided to carry out simultaneous use in the evenings too. It is not clear if this will be for two hours or three hours. A rate of 25 departures per hour is being targeted in the evening slot. The problems with utilising 14/32 are: (i) Mumbai's controversial new control tower erected in 1996 and some 72 m (240 ft) tall penetrates transitional obstacle limitation surfaces by over 50 m (160 ft) for instrument approaches, and in excess of 40 meters (131 ft) for visuals. Approach minima at both 14 and 32 ends are higher (based on best approach aid) and are as follows: runway 14 (DA 580 ft (180 m)), runway 32 (MDA 1,440 ft (440 m)) compared to runway 09 (DA 270 ft (82 m)) or runway 27 (DA 230 ft (70 m)), meaning that there is a higher probability of missed approaches and diversions in inclement weather (ii) a hillock, Trombay Hill, lies 4.5 nmi (8.3 km) away from the 32 end, an approach also questioned recently by security agencies because the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) nuclear complex at Trombay (Anushakti Nagar) lies within its flight path.
L&T ECCD have been awarded the contract to expand Terminal 1 and to construct a new international terminal. The brand new International Terminal T2 is being designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM).
Upgrades
Mumbai has featured regularly in lists of the world's worst airports[4], featuring for eight consecutive years in the Sleeping in Airports Worst Airport list[5] for being "dirty, smelly and full of mosquitoes".[4] Expansion plans have been repeatedly thwarted by slums encroaching onto the airport area.[6]
Mumbai International Airport Limited (MIAL), a consortium of GVK Industries Ltd. (GVK) and Airports Company South Africa (ACSA), was appointed to carry out the modernisation of Mumbai Airport in February 2006. MIAL improved areas of passenger convenience like curbside, terminal entrances and improved cleanliness. Human resources initiatives were taken such as employee communication and training. Some of the changes that have taken place at CSIA in the recent past include: aesthetic changes, additional check-in counters, refurbished toilets, improved signage, additional food and beverage outlets, better curbside, management leading to a smoother traffic flow.
The graphic design and ambientation of the airport has mainly been created by Argentinan design studio Steinbranding, who also worked on Ezeiza Airport in Buenos Aires and Yerevan's Zvarnots Airport.
Master Plan
In October 2006, MIAL unveiled the master plan[7] for CSIA, which has been designed to expand and upgrade the infrastructure to cater for 40 million passengers per year and one million metric tonnes of cargo per year by 2010. The separate international and domestic terminals will be merged into one terminal building at the current international building and the current domestic terminal will be converted to a dedicated cargo terminal.
The implementation will be undertaken in two stages:
- The Interim Phase is the implementation of several immediate measures. These are to be completed by 2008 and will include:
- Refurbishment and construction at Terminal 2
- Revamp of Terminal 1A to upgrade and expand facilities such as check-in counters and boarding bridges
- Setting-up of temporary cargo facilities to add capacity
- Upgrading of the airside runway facilities such as rapid exit taxiways to increase runway capacity to cater to traffic growth
- Enhancing city-side facilities such as multi-level car parks
- Phase One to be completed by 2010 includes:
- Creation of a brand new terminal building (T2) at Sahar catering to both international and domestic passengers
- Construction of a dedicated link from the Western Express Highway to T2 at Sahar
- Enhancement of the airside facilities by shifting the air traffic control tower and construction of a parallel taxiway
- Development of infrastructure on the city-side
- Building new cargo facilities
- construction of Terminal 1C (by 2009)
Key facilities at the revamped CSIA:
| Facilities | Proposed | Existing |
|---|---|---|
| Parking stands for aircraft | 106 (67 in contact and 39 remote) | 92 (19 in contact and 73 remote) |
| Boarding bridges | 51 | 19 |
| Check-in counters | 316 | 182 |
| Car parking | 12000 | 3600 |
New taxiways have been developed to reduce the runway occupancy time by aircraft after landing. MIAL is undertaking the installation of a centralised data system which will provide information about domestic as well as international flights to all display devices at both terminals instead of just one or the other as at present. There are plans to extend the scope of the system to the air traffic control (ATC) and apron control areas, the airport website and even to leading hotel chains. A centralised call centre to provide flight details is also envisaged. While a parallel runway seems to have been ruled out, the ATC tower is now expected to be taken down and relocated to facilitate cross-runway operation.
Bharti Airtel provides a Wi-Fi service, that passengers can access free of charge throughout the airport[8].
SOM designed the new international terminal at Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (CSIA), working directly for the privatisation group tasked with redeveloping the airport. When complete, the terminal will serve 40 million people per year. The design combines both International and Domestic operations, employing an innovative set of swing facilities to optimise utilisation of the terminal across the 24-hour operational day.
Project Facts
Completion Year: 2014 Project Area: 4,843,759 ft Building Height: 45 m Number of Stories: 4
Ground Transportation
Within Airport
- Free shuttle service between the international and domestic terminals
- Pre-paid taxi service between the international and domestic terminals
In Mumbai
- Pre-paid taxicab
- Meter taxis
- Cool Cabs
- Auto rickshaws
- Mumbai Suburban Railway
- BEST bus
- Private cars for rent
- Proposed link on the Mumbai Metro
Airlines and destinations
| Operations and Statistics | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Flight frequencies to the metros | |||
| By flight frequencies (weekly one-way) | |||
| 1 | Delhi | 379 | |
| 2 | Bangalore | 208 | |
| 3 | Chennai | 160 | |
| 4 | Hyderabad | 141 | |
| 5 | Ahmedabad | 123 | |
Destinations by Region
| Destinations by Region |
|---|
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Destinations by Airline
Terminal 1 - Domestic
Terminal 1A
| Airlines | Destinations| |
|---|---|
| Air India (operated by Indian Airlines) | Ahmedabad, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Bhopal, Bhubaneshwar, Calicut, Chandigarh, Chennai, Cochin, Coimbatore, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Jamnagar, Jodhpur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Madurai, Mangalore, Nagpur, Raipur, Ranchi, Trivandrum, Udaipur, Varanasi, Visakhapatnam |
| Kingfisher Airlines | Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhuj, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Goa, Guwahati, Hubli, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Srinagar, Visakhapatnam |
Terminal 1B
| Airlines | Destinations |
|---|---|
| Go Air | Ahmedabad, Cochin, Delhi, Goa, Jaipur, Jammu, Srinagar |
| IndiGo | Bangalore, Bhubaneshwar, Chennai, Delhi, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Nagpur, Vadodara |
| Jet Airways | Ahmedabad, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Bhavnagar, Bhopal, Bhuj, Chandigarh, Chennai, Cochin, Coimbatore, Delhi, Diu, Goa, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mangalore, Porbunder, Pune, Rajkot, Trivandrum, Udaipur, Vadodara, Visakhapatnam |
| Jet Lite | Chennai, Coimbatore, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Lucknow, Patna, Ranchi, Srinagar, Visakhapatnam |
| Kingfisher Airlines (operated by Kingfisher Red) | Ahmedabad, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Bhavnagar, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Cochin, Coimbatore, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Kandla, Kolhapur, Latur, Lucknow, Mangalore, Nagpur, Nanded, Nasik, Pune, Raipur, Srinagar, Udaipur |
| SpiceJet | Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Jammu, Kolkata, Srinagar, Varanasi, Visakhapatnam |
Terminal 1C
(Under construction. To be opened in 2009.)
Terminal 2 - International
Terminal 2A
(Under Reconstruction)
Terminal 2B
| Airlines | Destinations| |
|---|---|
| Air Arabia | Sharjah |
| Air India (operated by Indian Airlines) | Ahmedabad, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Calicut, Chennai, Cochin, Dubai, Kuwait, Muscat, Sharjah |
| All Nippon Airways (operated by Air Nippon) | Tokyo-Narita |
| Austrian Airlines | Vienna [ends 1 March] |
| British Airways | London-Heathrow |
| Cathay Pacific | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Dubai, Hong Kong |
| Delta Air Lines | Atlanta |
| El Al | Tel Aviv |
| Etihad Airways | Abu Dhabi |
| Finnair | Helsinki |
| Gulf Air | Bahrain |
| Iran Air | Tehran-Imam Khomeini |
| Jazeera Airways | Dubai, Kuwait |
| Jet Airways | Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Brussels, Doha, Dubai, Hong Kong, London-Heathrow, Muscat, Newark, San Francisco [ends 13 January], Singapore, Shanghai-Pudong [ends 13 January] |
| Kenya Airways | Nairobi |
| Kingfisher Airlines | London-Heathrow, Hong Kong [begins 12 January], Singapore [begin January 2009] |
| Kuwait Airways | Kuwait |
| Lufthansa | Frankfurt, Munich |
| Northwest Airlines | Amsterdam |
| Oman Air | Muscat |
| Pakistan International Airlines | Karachi |
| Qantas | Sydney |
| Qatar Airways | Doha |
| Saudi Arabian Airlines | Dammam, Jeddah, Madinah, Riyadh |
| Sri Lankan Airlines | Colombo, Karachi |
| Swiss International Airlines | Zürich |
| Turkish Airlines | Istanbul-Atatürk |
| Virgin Atlantic Airways | London-Heathrow |
Terminal 2C
| Airlines | Destinations |
|---|---|
| Aeroflot | Moscow-Sheremetyevo |
| Air France | Paris-Charles de Gaulle |
| Air India | Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Calicut, Chennai, Chicago-O'Hare, Cochin, Dammam, Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Jeddah, London-Heathrow, Nairobi, New York-JFK, Newark, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Riyadh, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Tokyo-Narita, Trivandrum |
| Air India Express | Ahmedabad, Bahrain, Calicut, Chennai, Delhi, Dhaka, Doha, Dubai, Kolkata, Nagpur, Trivandrum |
| Air Mauritius | Mauritius |
| Continental Airlines | Newark |
| Egypt Air | Cairo, Kuala Lumpur |
| Emirates | Dubai |
| Ethiopian Airlines | Addis Ababa |
| Korean Air | Seoul-Incheon |
| Malaysia Airlines | Kuala Lumpur |
| Royal Jordanian Airlines | Amman |
| Sama Airlines | Dammam |
| Shanghai Airlines | Shanghai-Pudong |
| Singapore Airlines | Singapore |
| South African Airways | Johannesburg |
| Thai Airways International | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi |
| Yemenia | Aden, Sana'a |
Cargo Operators
| Air France Cargo | Air India Cargo |
| Alitalia Cargo | Atlas Air |
| Blue Dart Aviation | British Airways World Cargo |
| Cargoitalia | Cathay Pacific Cargo |
| DHL Aviation | FedEx Express |
| Emirates SkyCargo | Ethiopian Airlines Cargo |
| Euro Cargo Air | EVA Air Cargo |
| Gemini Air Cargo | Great Wall Airlines |
| Jett8 Airlines Cargo | Korean Air Cargo |
| Lufthansa Cargo | MIDEX Cargo |
| Qatar Airways Cargo | Shanghai Airlines Cargo |
| Singapore Airlines Cargo | Sri Lankan Airlines Cargo |
| TNT Airways | UPS Airlines |
| World Airways Cargo |
Fixed Base Operators (FBO)
There are several fixed base operators at the airport and they include:
- Caterers: TAJ-SATS, Ambassador's Sky Chef, Sky Gourmet, Oberoi Flight Services, Chef Air.
- Fuelers: Indian Oil, Hindustan Petroleum, Bharat Petroleum.
- Ground Handlers: Air India, Indian Airlines, GlobeGround India, Cambata Aviation, Air Works India.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Airport information for VABB at World Aero Data. Data current as of October 2006.. Source: DAFIF.
- ↑ Airport information for BOM at Great Circle Mapper. Source: DAFIF (effective Oct. 2006).
- ↑ Airport records 20 mn passengers in 11 months
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1293486.cms
- ↑ http://www.sleepinginairports.net/bestof.htm
- ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7195357.stm
- ↑ Master plan
- ↑ Free wi-fi at Mumbai airport
External links
- Mumbai International Airport Limited (Official website)
- Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport at Airports Authority of India web site
- Nortel Network and Mumbai International Airport
- "India airports agreement signed". BBC News (2006-04-04). - New terminals are planned for Mumbai and Delhi airports
- Accident history for BOM at Aviation Safety Network
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