In professional American football, the Pro Bowl is the all-star game of the National Football League (NFL). It is played at the end of the season after the Super Bowl, the league championship game. Since the merger with the rival American Football League (AFL) in 1970, it has been officially called the AFC-NFC Pro Bowl, matching players in the American Football Conference (AFC) against those in the National Football Conference (NFC). The game has been played at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii, since January 1980.
The NFL was exploring the possibility of moving the Pro Bowl to the host site of the Super Bowl, and holding it the weekend before the Super Bowl starting in 2009.[1] However, the league decided to retain the 2009 game in Honolulu.[2]
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A post season all-star game between the new league champion and a team of professional all-stars was added to the NFL schedule at the end of the 1938 season. On January 15, 1939, at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles, California, the New York Giants won the first "Pro All-Star Game," 13-10, defeating a team of players from NFL teams and two future Pacific Coast Professional Football League clubs, the Los Angeles Bulldogs and the Hollywood Stars.
This format continued for the next four seasons, except that the all-star team now consisted solely of NFL players. In January 1942, in the aftermath of Pearl Harbor, the game was moved from Los Angeles to the Polo Grounds in New York City. The last "Pro All-Star Game" was held in December 1942. Seeing that it was currently wartime, and the NFL playing a reduced schedule starting in 1943, the series was abandoned.
The NFL revived the game (now dubbed the "Pro Bowl") in January 1951, after the 1950 season. The game was now a contest between conference all-star teams: American vs. National (1951-53) and Eastern vs. Western (1954-70). The rival AFL, meanwhile, staged its own All-Star Game from 1962-70, using the same East vs. West format. The AFL departed from this format once, in the January 1966 game, when the league champion Buffalo Bills played all-stars from the rest of the league.
After the AFL-NFL Merger of 1970, the name of the NFL's all-star game was changed to the "AFC-NFC Pro Bowl". Since the merger, the head coaches of the teams that lost in the AFC and NFC championship games have been selected as the coaches for the respective Pro Bowl squads — a compromise that arose from the decision to discontinue the Playoff Bowl, which had it been retained, would have matched up the two teams that lost the conference title games.
Currently, players are voted into the Pro Bowl by the coaches, the players themselves, and the fans. Each group's ballots count for one third of the votes. The fans vote online at the NFL's official site. There are also replacements that go to the game should any selected player be unable to play due to injuries. Prior to 1995, only the coaches and the players made Pro Bowl selections.
In order to be considered a Pro Bowler for a given year, a player must either have been one of the initial players selected to the team, or a player who accepts an invitation to Hawaii as an alternate; invited alternates who decline to attend are not considered Pro Bowlers. Being a Pro Bowler is considered to be a mark of honor, and players who are accepted into the Pro Bowl are considered to be elite.
The first Most Valuable Player award (or Most Outstanding Player) in the Pro Bowl was presented in 1951. From 1957 to 1971, two awards were presented to an offensive back and a defensive lineman. In 1972, there were awards for both an offensive player and a defensive player. Since 1973, only one MVP award has been presented (though three times this award has been presented to multiple players).
A few extra rules are implemented during the Pro Bowl so that players will not get hurt.[3] Offenses are prohibited from shifting, sending a receiver in motion, or lining up with three receivers on one side, and must have a tight end on the field for every play.[4] Defenses cannot press coverage (except inside the 5-yard line) or blitz, and must use the "4-3" defensive formation.[5] Special teams cannot rush kickers.[6] Additionally, intentional grounding penalties are not called.
Since the Pro Bowl has no effect upon players' or teams' statistics and records, and is played at the very end of the season, the players generally take the contest much less seriously than the average regular season games. Conventional wisdom holds that they tend to "play soft" to avoid serious injuries which could impede or end their football careers, although there have been some notable exceptions (see below). Players commonly make weak blocks and tackles. Defensive linemen will usually simply stand up when the ball is snapped during field goal attempts and punts instead of trying to block them. This injury minimalizing attitude generally manifests in a strongly offensively weighted game, along with the willingness of players and coaches to go for big offensive plays.
With a large portion of the competitive nature of the game removed, players and the media tend to treat the game as more of a fun get-together than a hard-fought battle. The rotation of players into and out of the game also presents an opportunity for TV interviews of personalities who are only ever seen during the game from afar, or afterwards in press conferences.
However, contrary to popular opinion this "soft" Pro Bowl attitude is a recent change. The vast majority of early Pro Bowls beginning with the merger were relatively low scoring, 20 of 26 games from the 1970 season through 1995 featuring less than 45 points. During the decade of NFC dominance of the Super Bowl from the mid-'80s through mid-'90s, the Pro Bowl became a type of grudge match for the AFC and produced some of the most brutally physical games of the entire season, with scores like 10-6, 15-6 and 17-3. Once the AFC re-established conference parity the Pro Bowl became much looser and offensive-minded, with eight of the nine games between the 1996 and 2004 seasons producing at least 49 points, and an average of 64.1. To demonstrate how dramatic the change has been, in the late '80s through mid '90s the Pro Bowl over/under betting line was always in the 39-41 range, and generally bet toward the under by Las Vegas wise guys. The 2007 Pro Bowl had an over/under of 65.
Even now there are certain players who treat it just like a regular game and will go for big hits and go the length of the field to make a play. These tend to be younger players but even some veterans are known. Examples from the 2004 Pro Bowl are Roy Williams' hit on Todd Heap and Ed Reed blocking a punt and returning it for a touchdown, the only blocked punt returned in Pro Bowl history. Also in the 2007 Pro Bowl Sean Taylor laid a crushing blow on Brian Moorman during an attempted fake punt. Drew Brees dislocated his left (non-throwing) elbow in the 2007 game, after being tripped up by Terrell Suggs.
Because the teams are made of players from different NFL teams, using their own uniforms would be too confusing. The players all wear the helmet of their team, but the home jerseys and pants are either a solid blue for the NFC or solid red for the AFC, while white jerseys with blue or red accents, respectively, for the away team. While it has been speculated that the color of Pro Bowl jerseys is determined by the winner of the Super Bowl, this is untrue. The design of Pro Bowl uniforms is changed every two years, and the color and white jerseys are rotated along with the design change. This has been Pro Bowl tradition since the switch to team specific helmets in the early '90s. The two-year switch was originally created as a marketing ploy by Nike, and has been continued by Reebok, who won the merchandising contract in 2002. The early Pro Bowl, contested by the National Football League's Eastern and Western Division stars and played at the Los Angeles Coliseum, featured the same uniforms from the 1950s to mid-1960s; the Eastern team wore scarlet jerseys with white numerals and a white crescent shoulder stripe, white pants with red stripe, red socks, and a plain red helmet. The Western team wore white jerseys with royal-blue numerals and a "Northwestern University"-style triple stripe on the sleeves, white pants with blue stripe and socks and a plain blue helmet. Perhaps oddly, the Eastern team, wore "home" dark jerseys, although the host-city team, the Los Angeles Rams, were members of the Western Conference. From January 1967 to January 1970 both teams wore gold helmets with the NFL logo on the sides; the Eastern helmets featured a red-white-red tri-stripe and the Western a similar blue-white-blue tri-stripe. In fact the players brought their own game helmets to Los Angeles, which were then spray-painted and decorated for the contest. (For the 1970 game the helmets featured the "50 NFL" logo, commemorating the league's half-century anniversary.) In the earliest years of the AFC-NFC Pro Bowl, the players did not wear their unique helmets, as they do now. The AFC All-Stars wore a solid red helmet with a white "A" on it, while the NFC players wore a solid white helmet with a blue "N" on it. The AFC's red helmets were paired with white jerseys and red pants, while the NFC's white helmets were paired with blue jerseys and white pants.
Two players with the same number who are elected to the Pro Bowl can wear the same number for that game. Prior to a few years ago, all players were required to wear different numbers, regardless of what jersey number they wore on their regular team. This changed a few years ago, when players wore the jersey number on their regular team jersey, thus initially resulting in virtually every wide receiver on the field being numbered 80 or 81, a situation that, predictably, created significant confusion. Thus, it is recommended—although not required—that players use different jersey numbers, and generally when two players share a number, the less experienced one will wear a different number for the game.
The 2008 Pro Bowl included a unique example of several players from the same team wearing the same number in a Pro Bowl. For the game, Washington Redskins players T Chris Samuels, TE Chris Cooley, and LS Ethan Albright all wore the number 21 (a number normally inappropriate for their positions) in memory of their teammate Sean Taylor who had been murdered during the 2007 season.[7]
Season | Date | Score | Venue |
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1938 | January 15, 1939 | New York Giants 13, Pro All-Stars 10 | Wrigley Field, Los Angeles |
1939 | January 14, 1940 | Green Bay Packers 16, NFL All-Stars 7 | Gilmore Stadium, Los Angeles |
1940 | December 29, 1940 | Chicago Bears 28, NFL All-Stars 14 | Gilmore Stadium, Los Angeles |
1941 | January 4, 1942 | Chicago Bears 35, NFL All-Stars 24 | Polo Grounds, New York City |
1942 | December 27, 1942 | NFL All-Stars 17, Washington Redskins 14 | Shibe Park, Philadelphia |
Season | Date | Score | Most Valuable Players | Venue |
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1950 | January 14, 1951 | American Conference 28, National Conference 27 | Otto Graham, Cleveland Browns, Quarterback | Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum |
1951 | January 12, 1952 | National Conference 30, American Conference 13 | Dan Towler, Los Angeles Rams, Running back | |
1952 | January 10, 1953 | National Conference 27, American Conference 7 | Don Doll, Detroit Lions, Defensive back | |
1953 | January 17, 1954 | East 20, West 9 | Chuck Bednarik, Philadelphia Eagles, Linebacker | |
1954 | January 16, 1955 | West 26, East 19 | Billy Wilson, San Francisco 49ers, End | |
1955 | January 15, 1956 | East 31, West 30 | Ollie Matson, Chicago Cardinals, Running back | |
1956 | January 13, 1957 | West 19, East 10 | Back: Bert Rechichar, Baltimore Colts Lineman: Ernie Stautner, Pittsburgh Steelers |
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1957 | January 12, 1958 | West 26, East 7 | Back: Hugh McElhenny, San Francisco 49ers Lineman: Gene Brito, Washington Redskins |
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1958 | January 11, 1959 | East 28, West 21 | Back: Frank Gifford, New York Giants Lineman: Doug Atkins, Chicago Bears |
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1959 | January 17, 1960 | West 38, East 21 | Back: Johnny Unitas, Baltimore Colts Lineman: Eugene "Big Daddy" Lipscomb, Pittsburgh Steelers |
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1960 | January 15, 1961 | West 35, East 31 | Back: Johnny Unitas, Baltimore Colts Lineman: Sam Huff, New York Giants |
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1961 | January 14, 1962 | West 31, East 30 | Back: Jim Brown, Cleveland Browns Lineman: Henry Jordan, Green Bay Packers |
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1962 | January 13, 1963 | East 30, West 20 | Back: Jim Brown, Cleveland Browns Lineman: Eugene "Big Daddy" Lipscomb, Pittsburgh Steelers |
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1963 | January 12, 1964 | West 31, East 17 | Back: Johnny Unitas, Baltimore Colts Lineman: Gino Marchetti, Baltimore Colts |
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1964 | January 10, 1965 | West 34, East 14 | Back: Fran Tarkenton, Vikings Lineman: Terry Barr, Detroit Lions |
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1965 | January 15, 1966 | East 36, West 7 | Back: Jim Brown, Cleveland Browns Lineman: Dale Meinert, St. Louis Cardinals |
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1966 | January 22, 1967 | East 20, West 10 | Back: Gale Sayers, Chicago Bears Lineman: Floyd Peters, Philadelphia Eagles |
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1967 | January 21, 1968 | West 38, East 20 | Back: Gale Sayers, Chicago Bears Lineman: Dave Robinson, Green Bay Packers |
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1968 | January 19, 1969 | West 10, East 7 | Back: Roman Gabriel, Los Angeles Rams Lineman: Merlin Olsen, Los Angeles Rams |
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1969 | January 18, 1970 | West 16, East 13 | Back: Gale Sayers, Chicago Bears Lineman: George Andrie, Dallas Cowboys |
Date | Score | Series | Most Valuable Player(s) | Venue | Head Coaches | Television |
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January 24, 1971 | NFC, 27-6 | NFC, 1-0 | Lineman: Fred Carr, Packers Back: Mel Renfro, Cowboys |
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, California | AFC: John Madden, Oakland NFC: Dick Nolan, San Francisco |
CBS |
January 23, 1972 | AFC, 26-13 | Tied, 1-1 | Defense: Willie Lanier, Chiefs Offense: Jan Stenerud, Chiefs |
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, California | AFC: Don McCafferty, Baltimore NFC: Dick Nolan, San Francisco |
NBC |
January 21, 1973 | AFC, 33-28 | AFC, 2-1 | O.J. Simpson, Bills, Running back | Texas Stadium, Irving, Texas | AFC: Chuck Noll, Pittsburgh NFC: Tom Landry, Dallas |
CBS |
January 20, 1974 | AFC, 15-13 | AFC, 3-1 | Garo Yepremian, Dolphins, Placekicker | Arrowhead Stadium, Kansas City, Missouri | AFC: John Madden, Oakland NFC: Tom Landry, Dallas |
NBC |
January 20, 1975 | NFC, 17-10 | AFC, 3-2 | James Harris, Rams, Quarterback | Miami Orange Bowl, Miami, Florida | AFC: John Madden, Oakland NFC: Chuck Knox, Los Angeles |
ABC |
January 26, 1976 | NFC, 23-20 | Tied, 3-3 | Billy Johnson, Oilers, Kick returner | Louisiana Superdome, New Orleans, Louisiana | AFC: John Madden, Oakland NFC: Chuck Knox, Los Angeles |
ABC |
January 17, 1977 | AFC, 24-14 | AFC, 4-3 | Mel Blount, Steelers, Cornerback | The Kingdome, Seattle, Washington | AFC: Chuck Noll, Pittsburgh NFC: Chuck Knox, Los Angeles |
ABC |
January 23, 1978 | NFC, 14-13 | Tied, 4-4 | Walter Payton, Bears, Running back | Tampa Stadium, Tampa, Florida | AFC: John Madden, Oakland NFC: Bud Grant, Minnesota |
ABC |
January 29, 1979 | NFC, 13-7 | NFC, 5-4 | Ahmad Rashad, Vikings, Wide receiver | Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, California | AFC: Bum Phillips, Houston NFC: Ray Malavasi, Los Angeles |
ABC |
January 27, 1980 | NFC, 37-27 | NFC, 6-4 | Chuck Muncie, Saints, Running back | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Bum Phillips, Houston NFC: John McKay, Tampa Bay |
ABC |
February 1, 1981 | NFC, 21-7 | NFC, 7-4 | Eddie Murray, Lions, Placekicker | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Don Coryell, San Diego NFC: Tom Landry, Dallas |
ABC |
January 31, 1982 | AFC, 16-13 | NFC, 7-5 | Lee Roy Selmon, Buccaneers, Defensive end Kellen Winslow, Chargers, Tight end |
Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Don Coryell, San Diego NFC: Tom Landry, Dallas |
ABC |
February 6, 1983 | NFC, 20-19 | NFC, 8-5 | Dan Fouts, Chargers, Quarterback John Jefferson, Packers, Wide receiver |
Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Walt Michaels, N.Y. Jets NFC: Tom Landry, Dallas |
ABC |
January 29, 1984 | NFC, 45-3 | NFC, 9-5 | Joe Theismann, Redskins, Quarterback | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Chuck Knox, Seattle NFC: Bill Walsh, San Francisco |
ABC |
January 27, 1985 | AFC, 22-14 | NFC, 9-6 | Mark Gastineau, Jets, Defensive end | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Chuck Noll, Pittsburgh NFC: Mike Ditka, Chicago |
ABC |
February 2, 1986 | NFC, 28-24 | NFC, 10-6 | Phil Simms, Giants, Quarterback | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Don Shula, Miami NFC: John Robinson, L.A. Rams |
ABC |
February 1, 1987 | AFC, 10-6 | NFC, 10-7 | Reggie White, Eagles, Defensive end | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Marty Schottenheimer, Cleveland NFC: Joe Gibbs, Washington |
ABC |
February 7, 1988 | AFC, 15-6 | NFC, 10-8 | Bruce Smith, Bills, Defensive end | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Marty Schottenheimer, Cleveland NFC: Jerry Burns, Minnesota |
ESPN |
January 29, 1989 | NFC, 34-3 | NFC, 11-8 | Randall Cunningham, Eagles, Quarterback | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Marv Levy, Buffalo NFC: Mike Ditka, Chicago |
ESPN |
February 4, 1990 | NFC, 27-21 | NFC, 12-8 | Jerry Gray, Rams, Cornerback | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Bud Carson, Cleveland NFC: John Robinson, L.A. Rams |
ESPN |
February 3, 1991 | AFC, 23-21 | NFC, 12-9 | Jim Kelly, Bills, Quarterback | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Art Shell, L.A. Raiders NFC: George Seifert, San Francisco |
ESPN |
February 2, 1992 | NFC, 21-15 | NFC, 13-9 | Michael Irvin, Cowboys, Wide receiver | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Dan Reeves, Denver NFC: Wayne Fontes, Detroit |
ESPN |
February 7, 1993 | AFC, 23-20 (OT) | NFC, 13-10 | Steve Tasker, Bills, Special teams | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Don Shula, Miami NFC: George Seifert, San Francisco |
ESPN |
February 6, 1994 | NFC, 17-3 | NFC, 14-10 | Andre Rison, Falcons, Wide receiver | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Marty Schottenheimer, Kansas City NFC: George Seifert, San Francisco |
ESPN |
February 5, 1995 | AFC, 41-13 | NFC, 14-11 | Marshall Faulk, Colts, Running back | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Bill Cowher, Pittsburgh NFC: Barry Switzer, Dallas |
ABC |
February 4, 1996 | NFC, 20-13 | NFC, 15-11 | Jerry Rice, 49ers, Wide receiver | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Ted Marchibroda, Indianapolis NFC: Mike Holmgren, Green Bay |
ABC |
February 2, 1997 | AFC, 26-23 (OT) | NFC, 15-12 | Mark Brunell, Jaguars, Quarterback | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Tom Coughlin, Jacksonville NFC: Dom Capers, Carolina |
ABC |
February 1, 1998 | AFC, 29-24 | NFC, 15-13 | Warren Moon, Seahawks, Quarterback | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Bill Cowher, Pittsburgh NFC: Steve Mariucci, San Francisco |
ABC |
February 7, 1999 | AFC, 23-10 | NFC, 15-14 | Keyshawn Johnson, Jets, Wide receiver Ty Law, Patriots, Cornerback |
Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Bill Belichick*, N.Y. Jets NFC: Dennis Green, Minnesota |
ABC |
February 6, 2000 | NFC, 51-31 | NFC, 16-14 | Randy Moss, Vikings, Wide receiver | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Tom Coughlin, Jacksonville NFC: Tony Dungy, Tampa Bay |
ABC |
February 4, 2001 | AFC, 38-17 | NFC, 16-15 | Rich Gannon, Raiders, Quarterback | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Jon Gruden, Oakland NFC: Dennis Green, Minnesota |
ABC |
**February 9, 2002 | AFC, 38-30 | Tied, 16-16 | Rich Gannon, Raiders, Quarterback | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Bill Cowher, Pittsburgh NFC: Andy Reid, Philadelphia |
ABC |
February 2, 2003 | AFC, 45-20 | AFC, 17-16 | Ricky Williams, Dolphins, Running back | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Jeff Fisher, Tennessee NFC: Andy Reid, Philadelphia |
ABC |
February 8, 2004 | NFC, 55-52 | Tied, 17-17 | Marc Bulger, Rams, Quarterback | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Tony Dungy, Indianapolis NFC: Andy Reid, Philadelphia |
ESPN |
February 13, 2005 | AFC, 38-27 | AFC, 18-17 | Peyton Manning, Colts, Quarterback | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Bill Cowher, Pittsburgh NFC: Jim L. Mora, Atlanta |
ESPN |
February 12, 2006 | NFC 23-17 | Tied, 18-18 | Derrick Brooks, Buccaneers, Linebacker | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Mike Shanahan, Denver NFC: John Fox, Carolina |
ESPN |
**February 10, 2007 | AFC 31-28 | AFC, 19-18 | Carson Palmer, Bengals, Quarterback | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Bill Belichick, New England NFC: Sean Payton, New Orleans |
CBS |
February 10, 2008 | NFC 42-30 | Tied, 19-19 | Adrian Peterson, Vikings, Running Back | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | AFC: Norv Turner, San Diego Chargers, NFC: Mike McCarthy, Green Bay Packers |
FOX |
February 8, 2009 | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | NBC | ||||
February 14, 2010 | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | CBS | ||||
February 13, 2011 | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | FOX | ||||
February 12, 2012 | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii | NBC |
*filled in for then-Jets head coach Bill Parcells
**Saturday game
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National Football League (2008) | ||||
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AFC | East | North | South | West |
Buffalo Bills | Baltimore Ravens | Houston Texans | Denver Broncos | |
Miami Dolphins | Cincinnati Bengals | Indianapolis Colts | Kansas City Chiefs | |
New England Patriots | Cleveland Browns | Jacksonville Jaguars | Oakland Raiders | |
New York Jets | Pittsburgh Steelers | Tennessee Titans | San Diego Chargers | |
NFC | East | North | South | West |
Dallas Cowboys | Chicago Bears | Atlanta Falcons | Arizona Cardinals | |
New York Giants | Detroit Lions | Carolina Panthers | St. Louis Rams | |
Philadelphia Eagles | Green Bay Packers | New Orleans Saints | San Francisco 49ers | |
Washington Redskins | Minnesota Vikings | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Seattle Seahawks | |
Seasons (by team) · Playoffs · AFC Championship · NFC Championship · Super Bowl (Champions) · All-Pro · Pro Bowl League Championship History: AFL Championship (1960–1969) · NFL Championship (1920–1969) · One-Game Playoff · Playoff Bowl |
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