List of popes

There is no official list of popes, but the Annuario Pontificio, published every year by the Vatican, contains a list that is generally considered to be the most authoritative. Its list is the one given here. The Annuario Pontificio list gives Benedict XVI as the 265th pope of Rome.

While the term "Pope" (Latin: papa "father'") is used in several Churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (e.g. Coptic Pope), this title in English usage can by itself refer to the head of the Catholic Church. The title itself has been used officially by the head of the Catholic Church since the tenure of Pope Siricius, although it has been first used by the Copts centuries earlier.

Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Pope Leo IX as number 154. In 2001 a rigorous study was made by the Catholic church into the history of the papacy.^[1] Based on that research, in 2008 there have been 265 Popes and 267 pontificates. The difference can be attributed to the fact that Benedict IX reigned three different times between 1032 and 1048.

Several changes have been made in the list during the 20th century. Antipope Christopher was considered legitimate for a long time. Pope-elect Stephen was considered legitimate under the name Stephen II until the 1961 edition and erased then. Although these changes are no longer controversial, a number of modern lists still include this "first Pope Stephen II". It is probable that this is because they are based on the 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopaedia, which is in the public domain.

The Latin Episcopus Romanus translates as Bishop of Rome.

Chronological list of popes

1st-5th Centuries

1st Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
30 - 67		Peter Saint Peter	Petrus, Head of the Church	Simon Peter שמעון בן יונה (Shimon ben Yona) Shimon Kipha CΙΜΗΟΝ ΚΗΦΑC (Simeon Kephas - Simon the Rock)	Bethsaida, Galilea			Disciple of Jesus from whom he received the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven, according to Matthew 16:18-19.
post42/ante57 - 64/67(?)			Petrus, Episcopus Romanus					Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June, (Chair of Peter) 22 February. Recognized as the first pope by the Roman Catholic Church.
64/67(?) - 76/79(?)		Linus Saint Linus	Linus, Episcopus Romanus	Linus	Tuscia (Northern Latium)			Traditionally martyred (no evidence); Feast day 23 September
76/79(?) - 88		Anacletus (Cletus) Saint Anacletus	Anacletus, Episcopus Romanus	Anacletus	Probably Greece			Martyred; feast day 26 April
88/92 - 97/101		Clement I Saint Clement	Clemens, Episcopus Romanus		Rome			Martyred; feast day 23 November
97/99 - 105/107		Evaristus (Aristus) Saint Evaristus	Evaristus, Episcopus Romanus	Aristus				Traditionally martyred (no evidence); feast day 26 October

2nd Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
105/107 - 115/116		Alexander I Saint Alexander	Alexander, Episcopus Romanus	Alexander	Rome
115/116 - 125		Sixtus I Saint Sixtus	Xystus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome or Greece
125 - 136/138		Telesphorus Saint Telesphorus	Telesphorus, Episcopus Romanus		Greece
136/138 - 140/142		Hyginus Saint Hyginus	Hyginus, Episcopus Romanus		Greece			Traditionally martyred (no evidence); feast day 11 January
140/142 - 155		Pius I Saint Pius	Pius, Episcopus Romanus		Aquileia, Friuli, Italy			Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July
155 - 166		Anicetus Saint Anicetus	Anicetus, Episcopus Romanus		Emesa, Syria			Traditionally martyred (no evidence); feast day 17 April
c.166 - 174/175		Soter Saint Soter	Soterius, Episcopus Romanus		Fondi, Latium, Italy			Traditionally martyred; feast day 22 April
174/175 - 189		Eleuterus Saint Eleutherus	Eleutherius, Episcopus Romanus		Nicopoli, Epyrus			Traditionally martyred; feast day 6 May
189 - 198/199		Victor I Saint Victor	Victor, Episcopus Romanus		Northern Africa
199 - 217		Zephyrinus Saint Zephyrin	Zephyrinus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome

3rd Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
c.217 - 222/223		Callixtus I Saint Callixtus	Callistus, Episcopus Romanus					Martyred; feast day 14 October
222/223 - 230		Urban I Saint Urban	Urbanus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
21 July 230 - 28 September 235		Pontian Saint Pontian	Pontianus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		5	First Pope with firm dates of office
21 November 235 - 3 January 236		Anterus Saint Anterus	Anterus, Episcopus Romanus		Greece		<1
10 January 236 - 20 January 250		Fabian Saint Fabian	Fabianus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		14
6 March/11 March 251 - June 253		Cornelius Saint Cornelius	Cornelius, Episcopus Romanus				2	Died a martyr, through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September
25 June 253 - 5 March 254		Lucius I Saint Lucius	Lucius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		<1	Feast day 4 March
12 May 254 - 2 August 257		Stephen I Saint Stephen	Stephanus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		3	Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August
30/31 August 257 - 6 August 258		Sixtus II Saint Sixtus II	Xystus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus		Greece		<1	Martyred by beheading
22 July 259 - 26 December 268		Dionysius Saint Dionysius	Dionysius, Episcopus Romanus		Greece		9	Feast day 26 December
5 January 269 - 30 December 274		Felix I Saint Felix	Felix, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		5
4 January 275 - 7 December 283		Eutychian Saint Eutychian	Eutychianus, Episcopus Romanus				8
17 December 283 - 22 April 296		Caius Saint Caius	Caius, Episcopus Romanus				12
30 June 296 - 1 April 304		Marcellinus Saint Marcellinus	Marcellinus, Episcopus Romanus				7

4th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
308 to 309		Marcellus I Saint Marcellus	Marcellus, Episcopus Romanus
c.309 - c.310		Eusebius Saint Eusebius	Eusebius, Episcopus Romanus
2 July 311 - 11 January 314		Miltiades Melchiades Saint Miltiades	Miltiades, Episcopus Romanus		Africa		2	First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued by Constantine the Great
31 January 314 - 31 December 335		Sylvester I Saint Sylvester	Silvester, Episcopus Romanus				21
18 January 336 - 7 October 336		Mark Saint Mark	Marcus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		<1	Feast day 7 October
6 February 337 - 12 April 352		Julius I Saint Julius	Iulius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		15
17 May 352 - 24 September 366		Liberius	Liberius, Episcopus Romanus				14	Earliest Pope not yet canonized
1 October 366 - 11 December 384		Damasus I Saint Damasus	Damasus, Episcopus Romanus		Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal		18
11 December 384 - 26 November 399		Siricius Saint Siricius	Papa Siricius, Episcopus Romanus				14	First to employ the title "Papa" ("Pope")
27 November 399 - 19 December 401		Anastasius I Saint Anastasius	Papa Anastasius, Episcopus Romanus				2

5th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
22 December 401 - 12 March 417		Innocent I Saint Innocent	Papa Innocentius, Episcopus Romanus				15	Visigoth Sack of Rome (410) under Alaric
18 March 417 - 26 December 418		Zosimus Saint Zosimus	Papa Zosimus, Episcopus Romanus				1
28/29 December 418 - 4 September 422		Boniface I Saint Boniface	Papa Bonifacius, Episcopus Romanus				3
10 September 422 - 27 July 432		Celestine I Saint Celestine	Papa Coelestinus, Episcopus Romanus				9
31 July 432 - March/August 440		Sixtus III Saint Sixtus	Papa Xystus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus				8
29 September 440 - 10 November 461		Leo I Saint Leo Leo the Great	Papa Leo Magnus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		21	Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy
19 November 461 - 29 February 468		Hilarius Saint Hilarius	Papa Hilarius, Episcopus Romanus				6
3 March 468 - 10 March 483		Simplicius Saint Simplicius	Papa Simplicius, Episcopus Romanus		Tivoli, Italy		15
13 March 483 - 1 March 492		Felix III (Felix II) Saint Felix	Papa Felix Tertius (Secundus), Episcopus Romanus		Rome		8	Sometimes called Felix II
1 March 492 to 21 November 496		Gelasius I Saint Gelasius	Papa Gelasius, Episcopus Romanus		Africa		4
24 November 496 - 19 November 498		Anastasius II	Papa Anastasius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus				1
22 November 498 - 19 July 514		Symmachus Saint Symmachus	Papa Symmachus, Episcopus Romanus		Sardinia		15

6th-10th Centuries

6th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
20 July 514 - 19 July 523		Hormisdas Saint Hormisdas	Papa Hormisdus, Episcopus Romanus		Frosinone, Southern Latium, Italy		8	Father of Pope Silverius
13 August 523 - 18 May 526		John I Saint John	Papa Ioannes, Episcopus Romanus		Tuscany		2
13 July 526 - 22 September 530		Felix IV (Felix III) Saint Felix	Papa Felix Quartus(Tertius), Episcopus Romanus		Samnium		4	Sometimes called Felix III
22 September 530 - 17 October 532		Boniface II	Papa Bonifacius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome to Ostrogoth parents		2
2 January 533 - 8 May 535		John II	Papa Ioannes Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Mercurius	Rome		2	First pope to not use personal name. This was due to Mercury being a Roman god.
13 May 535 - 22 April 536		Agapetus I Agapitus Saint Agapetus	Papa Agapetus, Episcopus Romanus				<1	Feast days 22 April, 20 September
1 June 536 - 11 November 537		Silverius Saint Silverius	Papa Silverius, Episcopus Romanus				1	Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of Pope Hormisdas
29 March 537 - 7 June 555		Vigilius	Papa Vigilius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		18
16 April 556 - 4 March 561		Pelagius I	Papa Pelagius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		5
17 July 561 - 13 July 574		John III	Papa Ioannes Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Catelinus			12
2 June 575 - 30 July 579		Benedict I	Papa Benedictus, Episcopus Romanus				4
26 November 579 - 7 February 590		Pelagius II	Papa Pelagius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		10
3 September 590 - 12 March 604		Gregory I, O.S.B. Saint Gregory Gregory the Great	Papa Gregorius Magnus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		13	First to formally employ the titles "Servus servorum Dei" and "Pontifex Maximus"

7th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
13 September 604 - 22 February 606		Sabinian Saint Sabinian	Papa Sabinianus, Episcopus Romanus		Blera		1
19 February 607 - 12 November 607		Boniface III	Papa Bonifacius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		<1
25 August 608 - 8 May 615		Boniface IV, O.S.B. Saint Boniface	Papa Bonifacius Quartus, Episcopus Romanus		Marsi		6	First Pope to bear the same name as his predecessor. Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
19 October 615 - 8 November 618		Adeodatus I	Papa Adeodatus, or Papa Deusdedit Episcopus Romanus		Rome		3	Sometimes called Deusdedit, and then Pope Adeodatus II is called Pope Adeodatus without a number
23 December 619 - 25 October 625		Boniface V	Papa Bonifacius Quintus, Episcopus Romanus		Naples		5
27 October 625 - 12 October 638		Honorius I	Papa Honorius, Episcopus Romanus				2
October 638 - 2 August 640		Severinus	Papa Severinus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		1
24 December 640 - 12 October 642		John IV	Papa Ioannes Quartus, Episcopus Romanus		Zadar, Dalmatia, now Croatia		1
24 November 642 - 14 May 649		Theodore I	Papa Theodorus, Episcopus Romanus		Palestine		6
July 649 - 16 September 655		Martin I Saint Martin	Papa Martinus, Episcopus Romanus				6	Feast Day 12 November
10 August 654 - 2 June 657		Eugene I Saint Eugene	Papa Eugenius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		2
30 July 657 - 27 January 672		Vitalian Saint Vitalian	Papa Vitalianus, Episcopus Romanus				14
11 April 672 - 17 June 676		Adeodatus II, O.S.B.	Papa Adeodatus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus				4	Sometimes called Pope Adeodatus (without a number) when Pope Adeodatus I is called Pope Deusdedit. Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
2 November 676 - 11 April 678		Donus	Papa Donus, Episcopus Romanus				1
27 June 678 - 10 January 681		Agatho Saint Agatho	Papa Agatho, Episcopus Romanus		Sicily		2
December 681 - 3 July 683		Leo II Saint Leo	Papa Leo Secundus, Episcopus Romanus		Sicily		1	Feast day 3 July
683/26 June 684 - 8 May 685		Benedict II Saint Benedict	Papa Benedictus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus				<1	Feast day 7 May
12 July 685 - 2 August 686		John V	Papa Ioannes Quintus, Episcopus Romanus		Syria		1
21 October 686 - 22 September 687		Conon	Papa Conon, Episcopus Romanus				<1
15 December 687 - 8 September 701		Sergius I Saint Sergius	Papa Sergius, Episcopus Romanus		Sicily		13

8th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
30 October 701 - 11 January 705		John VI	Papa Ioannes Sextus, Episcopus Romanus		Greece		3
1 March 705 - 18 October 707		John VII	Papa Ioannes Septumus, Episcopus Romanus		Greece		2	Second Pope to bear the same name as his predecessor
15 January 708 - 4 February 708		Sisinnius	Papa Sisinnius, Episcopus Romanus		Syria		<1
25 March 708 - 9 April 715		Constantine	Papa Constantinus, Episcopus Romanus		Syria		7	Last Pope to visit Greece until John Paul II in 2001
19 May 715 - 11 February 731		Gregory II Saint Gregory	Papa Gregorius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus				15	Feast day 11 February
18 March 731 - 28 November 741		Gregory III	Papa Gregorius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus		Syria		10	Third Pope to bear the same name as his predecessor
3 December 741 - 14 March/22 March 752		Zachary Saint Zachary	Papa Zacharias, Episcopus Romanus		Greece		10	Feast day 15 March
23 March 752 - 25 March 752 Never took office as Pope.		(Pope-Elect Stephen)	Papa Scelga Stephanus				0	Sometimes known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election and was never consecrated into the office of Pope as such debate remains over whether he was Pope or not. The Vatican sanctioned his addition to the list of Popes in the sixteenth century, however he was removed in 1961. As such he is not considered a Pope by the Catholic Church.
26 March 752 - 26 April 757		Stephen II	Papa Stephanus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus				5	Sometimes called Stephen III
29 May 757 - 28 June 767		Paul I Saint Paul	Papa Paulus, Episcopus Romanus				10
1 August or 7 August 767 - 24 January 772		Stephen III	Papa Stephanus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus				4	Sometimes called Stephen IV
1 February 772 - 26 December 795		Adrian I	Papa Hadrianus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		23
26 December 795 - 12 June 816		Leo III	Papa Leo Tertius, Episcopus Romanus				20	Crowned Charlemagne Imperator Augustus on Christmas Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the office of Holy Roman Emperor requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its legitimacy

9th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
12 June 816 - 24 January 817		Stephen IV	Papa Stephanus Quartus, Episcopus Romanus				<1	Sometimes called Stephen V
25 January 817 - 11 February 824		Paschal I Saint Paschal	Papa Paschalis, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		7
8 May 824 - August 827		Eugene II	Papa Eugenius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		3
August 827 - September 827		Valentine	Papa Valentinus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		<1
827 - January 844		Gregory IV	Papa Gregorius Quartus, Episcopus Romanus				17
January 844 - 7 January 847		Sergius II	Papa Sergius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		3
January 847 - 17 July 855		Leo IV, O.S.B. Saint Leo	Papa Leo Quartus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		8	Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
855 - 7 April 858		Benedict III	Papa Benedictus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus
24 April 858 - 13 November 867		Nicholas I Saint Nicholas Nicholas the Great	Papa Nicolaus Magnus Episcopus Romanus				9
14 December 867 - 14 December 872		Adrian II	Papa Hadrianus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		5
14 December 872 - 16 December 882		John VIII	Papa Ioannes Octavus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		10
16 December 882 - 15 May 884		Marinus I	Papa Marinus, Episcopus Romanus				1
17 May 884 - c.September 885		Adrian III Saint Adrian	Papa Hadrianus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome
885 - 14 September 891		Stephen V	Papa Stephanus Quintus, Episcopus Romanus					Sometimes called Stephen VI
19 September 891 - 4 April 896		Formosus	Papa Formosus, Episcopus Romanus		Ostia		4	Posthumously ritually executed following the Cadaver Synod
4 April 896 - 19 April 896		Boniface VI	Papa Bonifacius Sextus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		<1
22 May 896 - August 897		Stephen VI	Papa Stephanus Sextus, Episcopus Romanus				1	Sometimes called Stephen VII
August 897 - November 897		Romanus	Papa Romanus, Episcopus Romanus				<1
December 897		Theodore II	Papa Theodorus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus				<1
January 898 - January 900		John IX, O.S.B.	Papa Ioannes Nonus, Episcopus Romanus					Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
900 - 903		Benedict IV	Papa Benedictus Quartus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome

10th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
July 903 - September 903		Leo V	Papa Leo Quintus, Episcopus Romanus		Ardea		<1
29 January 904 - 14 April 911		Sergius III	Papa Sergius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		7	"Pornocracy" begins
April 911 - June 913		Anastasius III	Papa Anastasius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		2
July/August 913 - February/March 914		Lando	Papa Lando, Episcopus Romanus		Sabina, Italy		<1
March 914 - May 928		John X	Papa Ioannes Decimus, Episcopus Romanus				14
May 928 - December 928		Leo VI	Papa Leo Sextus, Episcopus Romanus				<1
December 928 - February 931		Stephen VII	Papa Stephanus Septimus, Episcopus Romanus				2	Sometimes called Stephen VIII
February/March 931 - December 935		John XI	Papa Ioannes Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus				4
3 January 936 - 13 July 939		Leo VII, O.S.B.	Papa Leo Septimus, Episcopus Romanus				3	Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
14 July 939 - October 942		Stephen VIII	Papa Stephanus Octavus, Episcopus Romanus				3	Sometimes called Stephen IX
30 October 942 - May 946		Marinus II	Papa Marinus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus				3
10 May 946 - December 955		Agapetus II	Papa Agapetus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus				9
16 December 955 - 14 May 964		John XII	Papa Ioannes Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Octavian			8	Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the "Pornocracy"
22 May 964 - 23 June 964		Benedict V	Papa Benedictus Quintus, Episcopus Romanus				<1	Elected after John XII's death by the people of Rome, in opposition to the Antipope Leo VIII who was appointed by Emperor Otto; Benedict accepted his deposition in 964 leaving Leo as sole pope.
July 964 - 1 March 965		Leo VIII	Papa Leo Octavus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		<1	Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. He became the true Pope after Benedict V was deposed
1 October 965 - 6 September 972		John XIII	Papa Ioannes Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus				6
19 January 973 - June 974		Benedict VI	Papa Benedictus Sextus, Episcopus Romanus				1	Deposed and murdered
October 974 - 10 July 983		Benedict VII	Papa Benedictus Septimus, Episcopus Romanus				8
December 983 - 20 August 984		John XIV	Papa Ioannes Quartus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Pietro Campanora	Pavia		<1
August 985 - March 996		John XV	Papa Ioannes Quintus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus		Rome		10
3 May 996 - 18 February 999		Gregory V	Papa Gregorius Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Bruno of Carinthia			2	First German Pope
2 April 999 - 12 May 1003		Sylvester II	Papa Silvester Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Gerbert d'Aurillac	Auvergne region of France		4	First French Pope

11th-15th Centuries

11th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
June 1003 - December 1003		John XVII	Papa Ioannes Septimus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Siccone	Rome		<1
25 December 1003 - July 1009		John XVIII	Papa Ioannes Duodevicesimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Fasano; Phasianus	Rome		5
31 July 1009 - 12 May 1012		Sergius IV	Papa Sergius Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Pietro Boccapecora	Rome		2
18 May 1012 - 9 April 1024		Benedict VIII	Papa Benedictus Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Theophylactus II, Conti di Tusculum	Rome		11
April/May 1024 - 20 October 1032		John XIX	Papa Ioannes Undevicesimus, Episcopus Romanus	Romanus, Conti di Tusculum	Rome		8
1032 - 1044		Benedict IX	Papa Benedictus Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum	Rome			1st Term; abdicated for financial reward
1045		Sylvester III	Papa Silvester Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	John, Bishop of Sabina	Rome			Validity of election questioned; considered Anti-Pope; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
1045 - 1046		Benedict IX	Papa Benedictus Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum	Rome			2nd Term; deposed at the Council of Sutri
April/May 1045 - 20 December 1046		Gregory VI	Papa Gregorius Sextus, Episcopus Romanus	Johannes Gratianus			1	Deposed at the Council of Sutri
24 December 1046 - 9 October 1047		Clement II	Papa Clemens Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Suidger	Saxony		<1
November 1047 - 1048		Benedict IX	Papa Benedictus Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Theophylactus III, Conti di Tusculum				3rd Term; deposed and excommunicated
17 July 1048 - 9 August 1048		Damasus II	Papa Damasus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Poppo	Tirol		<1
12 February 1049 - 19 April 1054		Leo IX Saint Leo	Papa Leo Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Bruno, Count of Dagsbourg	Alsace		5
13 April 1055 - 28 July 1057		Victor II	Papa Victor Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Gebhard, Count of Calw, Tollenstein, and Hirschberg	Germany		2
2 August 1057 - 29 March 1058		Stephen IX, O.S.B.	Papa Stephanus Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Frederic de Lorraine; Frederick of Lorraine			<1	Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
6 December 1058 - 27 July 1061		Nicholas II	Papa Nicolaus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Gérard de Bourgogne; Gerard of Burgundy			2
30 September 1061 - 21 April 1073		Alexander II	Papa Alexander Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Anselmo da Baggio	Baggio, Milan, Italy		11
22 April 1073 - 25 May 1085		Gregory VII, O.S.B. Saint Gregory	Papa Gregorius Septimus, Episcopus Romanus	Hildebrand	Soana, Tuscany, Italy		12	Restricted the use of title "Papa" to the Bishop of Rome. Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
24 May 1086 - 16 September 1087		Victor III, O.S.B. Blessed Victor	Papa Victor Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Desiderio; Desiderius; Dauferius	Southern Italy		1	Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
12 March 1088 - 29 July 1099		Urban II, O.S.B. Blessed Urban	Papa Urbanus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Odo of Lagery	France		11	Started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
13 August 1099 - 21 January 1118		Paschal II, O.Cist.	Papa Paschalis Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Raniero	Romagna, Italy		18	Member of the Order of Cistercians.

12th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
24 January 1118 - 28 January 1119		Gelasius II, O.S.B.	Papa Gelasius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Coniulo	Gaeta, Latium, Italy		1	Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
2 February 1119 - 13 December 1124		Callixtus II	Papa Callistus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Guido, Comte de Bourgogne	France		5	Opened the First Council of the Lateran in 1123
15 December 1124 - 13 February 1130		Honorius II	Papa Honorius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Lamberto Scannabecchi	Imola, Romagna, Italy		5
14 February 1130 - 24 September 1143		Innocent II	Papa Innocentius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Gregorio Papareschi	Rome, Italy		13	Convened the Second Council of the Lateran, 1139
26 September 1143 - 8 March 1144		Celestine II	Papa Coelestinus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Guido	Città di Castello, Umbria, Italy		<1
12 March 1144 - 15 March 1145		Lucius II	Papa Lucius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Gerardo Caccianemici dal Orso	Bologna, Italy		1
15 February 1145 - 8 July 1153		Eugene III, O.Cist. Blessed Eugene	Papa Eugenius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Bernardo Pignatelli	Pisa, Tuscany, Italy		8	Member of the Order of Cistercians.
8 July 1153 - 3 December 1154		Anastasius IV	Papa Anastasius Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Corrado	Rome		1
4 December 1154 - 1 September 1159		Adrian IV, O.S.A.	Papa Hadrianus Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Nicholas Breakspear	England		4	Only English pope; granted Ireland to Henry II, King of England. Member of the Order of St. Augustine.
7 September 1159 - 30 August 1181		Alexander III	Papa Alexander Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Rolando Bandinelli	Siena, Tuscany, Italy		21	Convened the Third Council of the Lateran, 1179
1 September 1181 - 25 November 1185		Lucius III	Papa Lucius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Ubaldo Allucingoli	Lucca, Tuscany, Italy		4
25 November 1185 - 19 October 1187		Urban III	Papa Urbanus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Uberto Crivelli	Milan, Italy		1
21 October 1187 - 17 December 1187		Gregory VIII	Papa Gregorius Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Alberto di Morra	Benevento, Campania, Italy		<1	Proposed the Third Crusade
19 December 1187 - 27 March 1191		Clement III	Papa Clemens Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Paulino Scolari	Rome		3
30 March 1191 - 8 January 1198		Celestine III	Papa Coelestinus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Giacinto Bobone	Rome		6
8 January 1198 - 16 July 1216		Innocent III	Papa Innocentius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Lothario dei Conti di Segni	Gavignano, Latium, Italy		18	Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215

13th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
18 July 1216 - 18 March 1227		Honorius III	Papa Honorius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Cencio Savelli	Rome		10
19 March 1227 - 22 August 1241		Gregory IX	Papa Gregorius Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Ugolino dei Conti di Segni	Anagni, Latium, Italy		14	Canonized Elisabeth of Hungary, 1235
25 October 1241 - 10 November 1241		Celestine IV, O.S.B.	Papa Coelestinus Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Goffredo Castiglioni	Milan, Italy		<1	Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
25 June 1243 - 7 December 1254		Innocent IV	Papa Innocentius Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Sinibaldo Fieschi	Genoa, Italy		11	Convened the First Council of Lyons, 1245
12 December 1254 - 25 May 1261		Alexander IV	Papa Alexander Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Rinaldo dei Conti di Segni; Rinaldo Conti	Anagni, Italy		6
29 August 1261 - 2 October 1264		Urban IV	Papa Urbanus Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Jacques Pantaléon	Troyes, France		3
5 February 1265 - 29 November 1268		Clement IV	Papa Clemens Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Gui Faucoi le Gros (angl: Guy Foulques the Fat)	Saint-Gilles, France		3
29 November 1268 - 1 September 1271		interregnum						Almost 3 year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
1 September 1271 - 10 January 1276		Gregory X, O.Cist. Blessed Gregory	Papa Gregorius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Tebaldo Visconti	Piacenza, Italy		4	Convened the Second Council of Lyons, 1274. Member of the Order of Cistercians.
21 January 1276 - 22 June 1276		Innocent V, O.P. Blessed Innocent	Papa Innocentius Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Pierre de Tarentaise	Savoy, France		<1	Member of the Dominican Order.
11 July 1276 - 18 August 1276		Adrian V	Papa Hadrianus Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Ottobuono Fieschi	Genoa, Italy		<1
8 September 1276 - 20 May 1277		John XXI	Papa Ioannes Vicesimus Primus, Episcopus Romanus	Pedro Hispano	Lisbon, Portugal		<1	Killed in the collapse of his scientific laboratory
25 November 1277 - 22 August 1280		Nicholas III, O.S.B.	Papa Nicolaus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Gaetano Orsini	Rome, Italy		2	Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
22 February 1281 - 28 March 1285		Martin IV	Papa Martinus Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Simon de Brion; Simon de Brie	Touraine, France		4
2 April 1285 - 3 April 1287		Honorius IV	Papa Honorius Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Giacomo Savelli	Rome, Italy		2
22 February 1288 - 4 April 1292		Nicholas IV, O.F.M.	Papa Nicolaus Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Girolamo Masci	Ascoli, Italy		4	Member of the Franciscan Order.
4 April 1292 - 5 July 1294		interregnum						2 year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
5 July 1294 - 13 December 1294		Celestine V, O.S.B. Saint Celestine	Papa Coelestinus Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Pietro da Morrone	Moline, Italy		<1	One of only two popes who abdicated. Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
24 December 1294 - 11 October 1303		Boniface VIII	Papa Bonifacius Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Benedetto Caetani	Anagni, Italy		8

14th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
22 October 1303 - 7 July 1304		Benedict XI, O.P. Blessed Bendedict	Papa Benedictus Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Niccolò Boccasini	Treviso, Italy		<1	Convened the Council of Vienne, 1311-1312. Member of the Dominican Order.
5 June 1305 - 20 April 1314		Clement V	Papa Clemens Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Bertrand de Got	Bordeaux, France		8	Pope at Avignon. Suppressed the Knights Templar at the Council of Vienne.
20 April 1314 - 7 August 1316		interregnum						2 year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
7 August 1316 - 4 December 1334		John XXII	Papa Ioannes Vicesimus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Jacques d'Euse; Jacques Duèse	Cahors, France		18	Pope at Avignon
20 December 1334 - 25 April 1342		Benedict XII, O.Cist.	Papa Benedictus Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Jacques Fournier	Saverdun, France		7	Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Cistercians.
7 May 1342 - 6 December 1352		Clement VI	Papa Clemens Sextus, Episcopus Romanus	Pierre Roger	Limoges, France		10	Pope at Avignon
18 December 1352 - 12 September 1362		Innocent VI	Papa Innocentius Sextus, Episcopus Romanus	Étienne Aubert; Stephen Aubert	Beyssac, France		9	Pope at Avignon
28 September 1362 - 19 December 1370		Urban V, O.S.B. Blessed Urban	Papa Urbanus Quintus, Episcopus	Guillaume Grimoard; Guillaume de Grimoard	Languedoc, France		8	Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of St. Benedict.
30 December 1370 - 26 March 1378		Gregory XI	Papa Gregorius Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Pierre Roger de Beaufort	Limoges, France		7	Pope at Avignon; returns to Rome
8 April 1378 - 15 October 1389		Urban VI	Papa Urbanus Sextus, Episcopus Romanus	Bartolomeo Prignano	Naples, Italy		11	Western Schism
2 November 1389 - 1 October 1404		Boniface IX	Papa Bonifacius Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Pietro Tomacelli	Naples, Italy		14	Western Schism

15th Century

• ^R  This pope resigned his office.
• ^B  The exact birth date of Innocent VIII and almost all popes prior to Eugene IV is unknown, therefore the lowest probable age has been assumed for this table.
  

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
17 October 1404 - 6 November 1406		Innocent VII	Papa Innocentius Septimus, Episcopus Romanus	Cosimo Gentile Migliorati	Abruzzi, Italy	67 / 69 [B]	2	Western Schism
30 November 1406 - 4 July 1415		Gregory XII	Papa Gregorius Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Angelo Correr	Venice, Italy	60 / 69 [R][B]	8	Western Schism; abdicated during the Council of Constance, which had been called by his opponent John XXIII.
4 July 1415 - 11 November 1417		Interregnum						Two year period without a valid pope elected. Alexander V and John XXIII were both antipopes during this period.
11 November 1417 - 20 February 1431		Martin V	Papa Martinus Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Oddone Colonna	Rome, Italy	48 / 62 [B]	13	Convened the Council of Basel, 1431
3 March 1431 - 23 February 1447		Eugene IV, O.S.A.	Papa Eugenius Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Gabriele Condulmer	Venice, Italy	47 / 63 [B]	15	Member of the Augustinian Order. Crowned Sigismund emperor at Rome in 1433.
6 March 1447 - 24 March 1455		Nicholas V, O.P.	Papa Nicolaus Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Tommaso Parentucelli	Sarzana, Liguria, Italy	49 / 57	8	Member of the Dominican Order. Held Jubilee of 1450; crowned Frederick III emperor at Rome in 1452.
8 April 1455 - 6 August 1458		Callixtus III	Papa Callistus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Alfonso de Borgia	Xàtiva, València, Spain	76 / 79	3	First Spanish Pope
19 August 1458 - 15 August 1464		Pius II	Papa Pius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Enea Silvio Piccolomini	Siena, Italy	52 / 58	5
30 August 1464 - 26 July 1471		Paul II	Papa Paulus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Pietro Barbo	Venice, Italy	47 / 54	6	Nephew of Eugene IV
9 August 1471 - 12 August 1484		Sixtus IV, O.F.M.	Papa Xystus Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Francesco della Rovere	Savona, Italy	57 / 70	13	Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned the Sistine Chapel
29 August 1484 - 25 July 1492		Innocent VIII	Papa Innocentius Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Battista Cybo	Genoa, Italy	51 / 59 [B]	7	Appointed Tomás de Torquemada
11 August 1492 - 18 August 1503		Alexander VI	Papa Alexander Sextus, Episcopus Romanus	Rodrigo de Lanzòl-Borgia	Xàtiva, València, Spain	61 / 72	11	Nephew of Callixtus III. Father to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in 1493 by the Bull Inter caetera.

16th-20th Centuries

16th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
22 September 1503 - 18 October 1503		Pius III	Papa Pius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini	Siena, Tuscany, Italy	64 / 64	<1	Nephew of Pius II
31 October 1503 - 21 February 1513		Julius II, O.F.M.	Papa Iulius Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Giuliano della Rovere	Albisola, Savona, Italy	59 / 69	9	Member of the Franciscan Order. Nephew of Sixtus IV; Convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran, 1512. Took effective control of the whole territory of the Papal States for the first time. Proposed plans for rebuilding of Saint Peter's Basilica
9 March 1513 - 1 December 1521		Leo X	Papa Leo Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici	Florence, Italy	37 / 45	8	Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Excommunicated Martin Luther
9 January 1522 - 14 September 1523		Adrian VI	Papa Hadrianus Sextus, Episcopus Romanus	Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens	Utrecht, Holy Roman Empire (presently The Netherlands)	62 / 64	1	The only Dutch Pope. Last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. The tutor of Emperor Charles V
26 November 1523 - 25 September 1534		Clement VII	Papa Clemens Septimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici	Florence, Italy	45 / 56	11	Cousin of Leo X. Rome plundered by imperial troops ("Sacco di Roma"), 1527. He forbade the divorce of Henry VIII and crowned Charles V Emperor at Bologna in 1530. His niece Catherine de' Medici was married to the son of the French king.
13 October 1534 - 10 November 1549		Paul III	Papa Paulus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Alessandro Farnese	Canino, Viterbo, Italy	66 / 81	15	Opened the Council of Trent in 1545. His illegitimate son became the first Duke of Parma.
7 February 1550 - 29 March 1555		Julius III	Papa Iulius Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte	Rome, Italy	62 / 67	5
9 April 1555 - 30 April or 1 May 1555		Marcellus II	Papa Marcellus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Marcello Cervini	Montefano, Macerata, Italy	53 / 53	<1	Last to use birth name as regnal name
23 May 1555 - 18 August 1559		Paul IV	Papa Paulus Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Pietro Carafa	Capriglia, Campania, Italy	78 / 83	4
26 December 1559 - 9 December 1565		Pius IV	Papa Pius Quartus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Angelo Medici	Milan, Italy	59 / 66	6	Reopened the Council of Trent, 1562, it concluded its proceedings in 1563
7 January 1566 - 1 May 1572		Pius V, O.P. Saint Pius	Papa Pius Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Michele Ghislieri	Bosco, Alessandria, Italy	61 / 68	6	Member of the Dominican Order. Excommunicated Elizabeth I of England, 1570. Victory of Lepanto 1571
13 May 1572 - 10 April 1585		Gregory XIII	Papa Gregorius Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Ugo Boncompagni	Bologna, Italy	70 / 83	12	Reform of the calendar 1582
24 April 1585 - 27 August 1590		Sixtus V, O.F.M. Conv.	Papa Xystus Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Felice Peretti	Grottammare, Marche, Italy	63 / 68	5	Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order.
15 September 1590 - 27 September 1590		Urban VII	Papa Urbanus Septimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Battista Castagna	Rome, Italy	69 / 69	<1
5 December 1590 - 15 /16 October 1591		Gregory XIV	Papa Gregorius Quartus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Niccolò Sfondrati	Cremona, Lombardy, Italy	55 / 56	<1
29 October 1591 - 30 December 1591		Innocent IX	Papa Innocentius Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti	Bologna, Italy	72 / 72	<1
30 January 1592 - 3 March 1605		Clement VIII	Papa Clemens Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Ippolito Aldobrandini	Fano, Marche, Italy	55 / 69	13

17th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
1 April 1605 - 27 April 1605		Leo XI	Papa Leo Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici	Florence, Italy	69 / 69	<1
16 May 1605 - 28 January 1621		Paul V	Papa Paulus Quintus, Episcopus Romanus	Camillo Borghese	Rome, Italy	52 / 68	15
9 February 1621 - 8 July 1623		Gregory XV	Papa Gregorius Quintus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Alessandro Ludovisi	Bologna, Italy	67 / 69	2
6 August 1623 - 29 July 1644		Urban VIII	Papa Urbanus Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Maffeo Barberini	Florence, Italy	55 / 76	20	Trial against Galileo Galilei
15 September 1644 - 7 January 1655		Innocent X	Papa Innocentius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Battista Pamphilj	Rome, Italy	70 / 80	10
7 April 1655 - 22 May 1667		Alexander VII	Papa Alexander Septimus, Episcopus Romanus	Fabio Chigi	Siena, Tuscany, Italy	56 / 68	12
20 June 1667 - 9 December 1669		Clement IX	Papa Clemens Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Giulio Rospigliosi	Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy	67 / 69	2
29 April 1670 - 22 July 1676		Clement X	Papa Clemens Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Emilio Altieri	Rome, Italy	79 / 86	6
21 September 1676 - 11/12 August 1689		Innocent XI Blessed Innocent	Papa Innocentius Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Benedetto Odescalchi	Como, Lombardy, Italy	65 / 78	12
6 October 1689 - 1 February 1691		Alexander VIII	Papa Alexander Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Pietro Vito Ottoboni	Padova, Veneto, Italy	79 / 80	1
12 July 1691 - 27 September 1700		Innocent XII	Papa Innocentius Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Antonio Pignatelli	Spinazzola, Puglia, Italy	76 / 85	9
23 November 1700 - 19 March 1721		Clement XI	Papa Clemens Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Francesco Albani	Urbino, Marche, Italy	51 / 71	20

18th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
8 May 1721 - 7 March 1724		Innocent XIII	Papa Innocentius Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Michelangelo de ’Conti; Michael Angelo Conti	Poli, Lazio, Italy	65 / 68	3
29 May 1724 - 21 February 1730		Benedict XIII, O.P.	Papa Benedictus Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Pierfrancesco Orsini	Gravina, Puglia, Italy	75 / 81	5	Member of the Dominican Order.
12 July 1730 - 6 February 1740		Clement XII	Papa Clemens Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Lorenzo Corsini	Florence, Italy	78 / 87	9
17 August 1740 - 3 May 1758		Benedict XIV	Papa Benedictus Quartus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini	Bologna, Italy	65 / 83	17
6 July 1758 - 2 February 1769		Clement XIII	Papa Clemens Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Carlo della Torre Rezzonico	Venice, Veneto, Italy	65 / 75	10
19 May 1769 - 22 September 1774		Clement XIV, O.F.M. Conv.	Papa Clemens Quartus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli	Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna, Italy	63 / 68	5	Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Suppressed the Jesuit Order.
15 February 1775 - 29 August 1799		Pius VI	Papa Pius Sextus, Episcopus Romanus	Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi	Cesena, Italy	57 / 81	24	Condemned the French Revolution and was expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death.
14 March 1800 - 20 August 1823		Pius VII, O.S.B.	Papa Pius Septimus, Episcopus Romanus	Barnaba Chiaramonti	Cesena, Italy	57 / 81	23	Member of the Order of St. Benedict. Present at Napoleon's coronation as Emperor of the French. Temporarily expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814.

19th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
28 September 1823 - 10 February 1829		Leo XII	Papa Leo Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Count Annibale Sermattei della Genga	Fabriano, Marche, Italy	63 / 68	5
31 March 1829 - 1 December 1830		Pius VIII	Papa Pius Octavus, Episcopus Romanus	Francesco Saverio Castiglioni	Cingoli, Marche, Italy	67 / 69	1
2 February 1831 - 1 June 1846		Gregory XVI, O.S.B. Cam.	Papa Gregorius Sextus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari	Belluno, Veneto, Italy	65 / 80	15	Member of the Camaldolese Order. The last non-bishop to be elected
16 June 1846 - 7 February 1878		Pius IX Blessed Pius IX	Papa Pius Nonus, Episcopus Romanus	Count Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti	Senigallia, Marche, Italy	54 / 85	31	Opened First Vatican Council; lost the Papal States to Italy. Longest serving pope in history (see note on St. Peter.)
20 February 1878 - 20 July 1903		Leo XIII	Papa Leo Tertius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci	Carpineto Romano, Latium, Italy	67 / 93	25	Laid down the seeds of Catholic Social Teaching through his encyclical, Rerum Novarum (On Capital and Labor) and supported Christian Democracy as against communism; he is the third-longest reigning pope after Pius IX (reigned for 31 years) and John Paul II (reigned for 26 years)

20th Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
4 August 1903 - 20 August 1914		Pius X Saint Pius X	Papa Pius Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto	Riese, Treviso, Veneto, Italy	68 / 79	11	Encouraged and expanded reception of Holy Communion. Most recent pope to be canonized.
3 September 1914 - 22 January 1922		Benedict XV	Papa Benedictus Quintus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Giacomo Della Chiesa	Genoa, Italy	59 / 67	7	Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. He is remembered by Pope Benedict XVI as "prophet of peace."
6 February 1922 - 10 February 1939		Pius XI	Papa Pius Undecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti	Desio, Milan, Italy	64 / 81	17	Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy, establishing the Vatican City as a sovereign state.
2 March 1939 - 9 October 1958		Pius XII Venerable Pius XII	Papa Pius Duodecimus, Episcopus Romanus	Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli	Rome, Italy	63 / 82	19	Invoked papal infallibility in encyclical Munificentissimus Deus.
28 October 1958 - 3 June 1963		John XXIII Blessed John XXIII	Papa Ioannes Vicesimus Tertius, Episcopus Romanus	Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli	Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Italy	76 / 81	4	Opened Second Vatican Council; sometimes called "Good Pope John"
21 June 1963 - 6 August 1978		Paul VI Servant of God Paul VI	Papa Paulus Sextus, Episcopus Romanus	Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini	Concesio, Brescia, Italy	65 / 80	15	The last pope to be crowned with the Papal Tiara. Concluded Second Vatican Council.
26 August 1978 - 28 September 1978		John Paul I Servant of God John Paul I	Papa Ioannes Paulus Primus, Episcopus Romanus	Albino Luciani	Forno di Canale (now Canale d'Agordo), Veneto, Italy	65 / 65	<1	First Pope to use 'the First' in regnal name. First pope with two names, for his two immediate predecessors.
16 October 1978 - 2 April 2005		John Paul II Servant of God John Paul II	Papa Ioannes Paulus Secundus, Episcopus Romanus	Karol Józef Wojtyła	Wadowice, Poland	58 / 84	26	First Polish pope and first non-Italian pope in 455 years. Canonized more saints than all predecessors. Longest serving Pope since Pius IX (1846-1878) and 2nd longest serving Pope to date (see note on St. Peter. ) He is remembered as "Pope of the Youth" and as "the Pilgrim Pope" for his extensive official travel.

21st Century

Pontificate	Portrait	Common English name	Regnal (Latin) name	Personal name	Place of birth	Age at Election / Death or Resigned	# years as Pope	Notes
19 April 2005 - present		Benedict XVI	Papa Benedictus Sextus Decimus, Episcopus Romanus	Joseph Alois Ratzinger	Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany	78 / -	3	First German pope since Stephen IX in 1058. Oldest to become pope since Clement XII in 1730.

Religious Orders

33 popes have been members of religious orders. These have included:

• 16 Benedictines (Gregory I, Boniface IV, Adeodatus II, Leo IV, John IX, Leo VII, Stephen IX, Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, Gelasius II, Celestine IV, Nicholas III, Celestine V, Urban V, and Pius VII)
• 5 Dominicans (Innocent V, Benedict XI, Nicholas V, Pius V, and Benedict XIII)
• 4 Cistercians (Paschal II, Eugene III, Gregory X, and Benedict XII)
• 3 Franciscans (Nicholas IV, Sixtus IV, and Julius II)
• 2 Augustinians (Adrian IV and Eugene IV)
• 2 Conventual Franciscans (Sixtus V and Clement XIV)
• and 1 Camaldolese (Gregory XVI)

Notes on numbering of popes

A number of anomalies in the list given above need further explanation:

• Felix II (356-357), Boniface VII (974, 984-985), John XVI (997-998), Benedict X (1058-1059) and Alexander V (1409-1410) are not listed because they are considered antipopes.^[2]
• The numbering of popes named Felix has been amended to omit antipope Felix II. However, most lists still call the last two Felixes Felix III and Felix IV. Additionally, there was an antipope Felix V.^[2]
• There has never been a pope John XX as a result of confusion of the numbering system in the 11th century.^[3]
• Pope-elect Stephen, who died before being consecrated, has not been on the Vatican's official list of popes since 1961, but appears on lists dating from before 1960.^[3] The numbering of following popes called Stephen are nowadays given as Pope Stephen II to Pope Stephen IX, rather than Stephen III to Stephen X.
• When Simon de Brion became pope in 1281, he chose to be called Martin. At that time, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and Martin III respectively, and so, erroneously, Simon de Brion became Pope Martin IV.^[4]
• Pope Donus II, said to have reigned about 974, never existed. The belief resulted from the confusion of the title dominus (lord) with a proper name. (Pope Joan also probably never existed; however, legends about her may have originated from stories about the pornocracy.)^[5]

• The status of Antipope John XXIII was uncertain for hundreds of years, and was finally settled in 1958 when Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli announced his own name as John XXIII. Baldassare Cossa, who was Antipope John XXIII, served as a Cardinal of the reunited church before his death in 1419 and his remains are found in the Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence).

See also

• List of antipopes
• List of popes sorted alphabetically
• Liber Pontificalis
• List of sexually active popes
• List of popes by length of reign
• List of ages of popes
• Prophecy of the Popes
• List of German popes
• List of French popes
• African popes
• Links between popes
• Graphical list of popes

References

• John N.D. Kelly, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, Oxford University Press, 1986.
• AA.VV., Enciclopedia dei Papi, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.
• Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, I Papi. Venti secoli di storia, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002.

External links

• PopeChart.com
• Catholic Encyclopedia
• Giga-Catholic Information
• Popes & Anti-Popes