Patti Smith

Patti Smith
Provinssirock, Seinäjoki, Finland, June 16, 2007
Background information
Birth name	Patricia Lee Smith
Also known as	Patti Smith Group
Born	December 30, 1946 (1946-12-30) (age 62), Chicago, Illinois
Origin	New York City, New York, U.S.
Genre(s)	Rock, punk, alternative rock
Occupation(s)	Singer-songwriter, poet, artist
Instrument(s)	Vocals, guitar, clarinet
Years active	1972–present
Label(s)	Arista, Columbia
Website	PattiSmith.net

Patricia Lee Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, poet and artist. She was influential in the birth of punk rock with her 1975 debut album Horses. Called "Godmother of Punk"^[1], she integrated the beat poetry performance style with three-chord rock. Her allusions introduced American teens to 19th century French poetry while her "unladylike" language defied the disco era. Smith is most widely known for the song "Because the Night" which was co-written with Bruce Springsteen and reached number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1978. In 2005, Patti Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Minister of Culture,^[2] and in 2007, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.^[3]

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early years 1.2 1967–1973: New York 1.3 1974–1979: Patti Smith Group 1.4 1980–1995: Marriage 1.5 1996–2003: Re-emergence 1.6 2004–present 2 Activism 3 Influence 4 Band members 5 Discography 6 Bibliography 7 Further reading 8 Notes 9 External links

History

Early years

Smith was born in Chicago. Her mother, Beverly, was a jazz singer and father, Grant, worked at the Honeywell plant. She spent her entire childhood in Deptford, New Jersey.^[4][5] Raised the daughter of a Jehovah's Witness mother, she claims she had a strong religious education and a very good Bible education, but left organized religion as a teenager because she felt it was too confining and much later wrote the opening line of her cover version of Them's "Gloria" in response to this experience.^[6] Smith graduated from Deptford Township High School in 1964. The family was not wealthy and Smith went to work in a factory.^[7] Patti Smith was voted "Class Clown" in her senior year.

1967–1973: New York

In 1967 she left Glassboro State Teachers College (now Rowan University) and moved to New York City. She met photographer Robert Mapplethorpe there while working at a book store with a friend, poet Janet Hamill. Mapplethorpe's photographs of her became the covers for the Patti Smith Group LPs, and they remained friends until Mapplethorpe's death in 1989.^[8] In 1969 she went to Paris with her sister and started busking and doing performance art.^[4] When Smith returned to New York City, she lived in the Hotel Chelsea with Mapplethorpe; they frequented the fashionable Max's Kansas City and CBGB nightclubs. The same year Smith appeared with Wayne County in Jackie Curtis's play Femme Fatale. As a member of the St. Mark's Poetry Project, she spent the early '70s painting, writing, and performing. In 1971 she performed – for one night only – in Sam Shepard's Cowboy Mouth.^[9] (The published play's notes call for "a man who looks like a coyote and a woman who looks like a crow".) She collaborated with Allen Lanier of Blue Öyster Cult, who recorded several of the songs to which Smith had contributed, including "Debbie Denise" (after her poem "In Remembrance of Debbie Denise"), "Career of Evil", "Fire of Unknown Origin", "The Revenge of Vera Gemini", and "Shooting Shark". During these years, Smith also wrote rock journalism, some of which was published in Creem magazine.^[10]

1974–1979: Patti Smith Group

By 1974 Patti Smith was performing rock music herself, initially with guitarist and rock archivist Lenny Kaye, and later with a full band comprising Kaye, Ivan Kral on bass, Jay Dee Daugherty on drums and Richard Sohl, on piano. Ivan Kral was a refugee from Czechoslovakia, fleeing in 1968 after the fall of Alexander Dubček. Financed by Robert Mapplethorpe, the band recorded a first single, "Hey Joe / Piss Factory", in 1974. The A-side was a version of the rock standard with the addition of a spoken word piece about fugitive heiress Patty Hearst ("Patty Hearst, you're standing there in front of the Symbionese Liberation Army flag with your legs spread, I was wondering were you gettin' it every night from a black revolutionary man and his women...").^[11] The B-side describes the helpless anger Smith had felt while working on a factory assembly line and the salvation she discovered in the form of a shoplifted book, the 19th century French poet Arthur Rimbaud's Illuminations.^[7]

Patti Smith Group was signed by Clive Davis of Arista Records, and 1975 saw the release of Smith's first album Horses, produced by John Cale amidst some tension. The album fused punk rock and spoken poetry and begins with a cover of Van Morrison's "Gloria", and Smith's opening words: "Jesus died for somebody's sins but not mine." The austere cover photograph by Robert Mapplethorpe has become one of rock's classic images.^[12] As Patti Smith Group toured the United States and Europe, punk's popularity grew. The rawer sound of the group's second album, Radio Ethiopia, reflected this. Considerably less accessible than Horses, Radio Ethiopia received poor reviews. However, several of its songs have stood the test of time, and Smith still performs them regularly in concert.^[13] On January 23, 1977, while touring in support of the record, Smith accidentally danced off a high stage in Tampa, Florida and fell 15 feet into a concrete orchestra pit, breaking several neck vertebrae.^[14] The injury required a period of rest and an intensive round of physical therapy, during which time she was able to reassess, re-energize and reorganize her life. Patti Smith Group produced two further albums before the end of the 1970s. Easter (1978) was her most commercially successful record, containing the single "Because the Night" co-written with Bruce Springsteen. Wave (1979) was less successful, although the songs "Frederick" and "Dancing Barefoot" both received commercial airplay.^[15]

1980–1995: Marriage

Before the release of Wave, Smith, now separated from long-time partner Allen Lanier, met Fred "Sonic" Smith, former guitar player for Detroit rock band MC5 and his own Sonic's Rendezvous Band, who adored poetry as much as she did. (Wave's "Dancing Barefoot" and "Frederick" were both dedicated to him.^[16]) The running joke at the time was that she only married Fred because she would not have to change her name.^[17] Patti and Fred had a son, Jackson (b.1982), and later a daughter, Jesse (b.1987). Through most of the 1980s Patti was in semi-retirement from music, living with her family north of Detroit in St. Clair Shores, Michigan. On June 1988 she released the album Dream of Life, which included the song "People Have the Power". Fred Smith died on November 4, 1994. Shortly afterward, Patti faced the unexpected death of her brother Todd ^[4] and original keyboard player Richard Sohl. When her son Jackson turned 14, Smith decided to move back to New York. After the impact of these deaths, her friends Michael Stipe of R.E.M. and Allen Ginsberg (whom she had known since her early years in New York) urged her to go back out on the road. She toured briefly with Bob Dylan in December 1995 (chronicled in a book of photographs by Stipe).^[9]

1996–2003: Re-emergence

In 1996, Smith worked with her long-time colleagues to record the haunting Gone Again, featuring "About a Boy", a tribute to Kurt Cobain. Smith was a fan of Cobain, but was more angered than saddened by his suicide. That same year she collaborated with Stipe on "E-Bow the Letter," a song on R.E.M.'s New Adventures in Hi-Fi, which she has also performed live with the band.^[18] After release of Gone Again, Patti Smith had recorded two new albums: Peace and Noise in 1997 (with the single "1959", about the invasion of Tibet) and Gung Ho in 2000 (with songs about Ho Chi Minh and Smith's late father). Songs "1959" and "Glitter in Their Eyes" were nominated for Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.^[19] A box set of her work up to that time, The Patti Smith Masters, came out in 1996, and 2002 saw the release of Land (1975–2002), a two-CD compilation that includes a memorable cover of Prince's "When Doves Cry". Smith's solo art exhibition Strange Messenger was hosted at The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh on September 28, 2002.^[20]

2004–present

On April 27, 2004 Patti Smith released Trampin' which included several songs about motherhood, partly in tribute to Smith's mother who died two years before. Smith curated the Meltdown festival in London on June 25, 2005, the penultimate event being the first live performance of Horses in its entirety.^[21] Guitarist Tom Verlaine took Oliver Ray's place. This live performance was released later in the year as Horses/Horses. In August 2005 Smith gave a literary lecture about the poems of Arthur Rimbaud and William Blake. On July 10, 2005, Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture.^[2] In addition to her influence on rock music, the Minister also noted Smith's appreciation of Arthur Rimbaud. On October 15, 2006, Patti Smith performed at the CBGB nightclub, with a 3½-hour tour de force to close out Manhattan's music venue. She took the stage at 9:30 p.m. (EDT) and closed for the night (and forever for the venue) at a few minutes after 1:00 a.m., performing her song "Elegie", and finally reading a list of punk rock musicians and advocates who had died in the previous years.^[22]

Smith was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame March 12, 2007.^[3] She dedicated her award to the memory of her late husband, Fred, and gave a performance of The Rolling Stones classic "Gimme Shelter." As the closing number of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony, Smith's "People Have the Power" was used for the big celebrity jam that always ends the program.^[23] From March 28 to June 22, 2008 the Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain in Paris hosted a major exhibition of the visual work of Patti Smith, Land 250, drawn from pieces created between 1967 and 2007.^[24] At the 2008 Rowan Commencement ceremony, Smith received an honorary doctorate degree for her contributions to popular culture. Smith is the subject of a 2008 documentary film, Patti Smith: Dream of Life.^[25] A live album by Patti Smith and Kevin Shields, The Coral Sea was released in July 2008.

Activism

Smith has been a supporter of the Green Party (United States) and was a backer of Ralph Nader in the 2000 United States presidential election.^[26] She led the crowd singing "Over the Rainbow" and "People Have the Power" at the campaign's rallies, and also performed at several of Nader's subsequent "Democracy Rising" events.^[27] Smith, however, supported Democratic candidate John Kerry in the 2004 election. Bruce Springsteen continued performing her "People Have the Power" at Vote for Change campaign events. In the winter of 2004/2005, Smith toured again with Nader in a series of rallies against the Iraq War and call for the impeachment of George W. Bush.^[26]

Smith premiered two new protest songs in London in September 2006.^[28] Louise Jury, writing in The Independent, characterized them as "an emotional indictment of American and Israeli foreign policy". Song "Qana" (available at official website) was about the Israeli airstrike on the Lebanese village of Qana. "Without Chains" (available at official website) is about Murat Kurnaz, a Turkish citizen who was born and raised in Germany, held at Guantanamo Bay detainment camp for four years. Jury's article quotes Smith as saying:

I wrote both these songs directly in response to events that I felt outraged about. These are injustices against children and the young men and women who are being incarcerated. I'm an American, I pay taxes in my name and they are giving millions and millions of dollars to a country such as Israel and cluster bombs and defense technology and those bombs were dropped on common citizens in Qana. It's terrible. It's a human rights violation.

In an interview, Smith stated that Kurnaz's family has contacted her and that she wrote a short preface for the book that he was writing.^[29]Kurnaz's book, FIVE YEARS OF MY LIFE, was published in English by Palgrave Macmillan in March 2008, with Patti's introduction http://us.macmillan.com/fiveyearsofmylife

She supported Barack Obama in the 2008 U.S. presidential election.^[30]

Influence

Patti Smith has been a great source of inspiration for Michael Stipe of R.E.M. Listening to her album Horses when he was 15 made a huge impact on him. He said later: "I decided then that I was going to start a band."^[31] In 1998, Stipe published a collection of photos called Two Times Intro: On the Road with Patti Smith. Stipe sings backing vocals on Smith's songs "Last Call" and "Glitter in Their Eyes". Patti also sings background vocals on R.E.M.'s "E-Bow the Letter".

In 2004, Shirley Manson of Garbage told about Patti's influence on her at Rolling Stone's issue "The Immortals: 100 Greatest Artists of All Time", in which Patti Smith was counted number 47.^[32] The Smiths members Morrissey and Johnny Marr shared an appreciation for Patti's Horses, and their song "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle" is a reworking of one of the album's tracks, "Kimberly."^[33] Later, Morrissey did a cover of "Redondo Beach," another song from the same album.

In 2004, Sonic Youth released an album called Hidros 3 (to Patti Smith).^[34] U2 also cites Patti Smith as influence.^[35]

In 2005 Scottish singer-songwriter KT Tunstall released the single "Suddenly I See" as a tribute of sorts to Patti Smith. The lyrics describe Tunstall looking at Smith's picture in a magazine, admiring her fame and accomplishments and suddenly realizing what she wants to do with her life.^[36] The cover of Tunstall's debut album Eye to the Telescope was also inspired by Smith, specifically the famous cover shot from her album Horses, of which Tunstall said: "I aspired to what this image was about - which was a woman dressed in man's clothes with such mystery, but such confidence and attitude and character. I just thought, 'that's so what I want to be when I grow up'."^[37]

Canadian actress Ellen Page frequently mentions Smith as one of her idols and has done various photo shoots replicating famous Smith photos. She has said that the only time she's been truly star-struck was when she met Smith backstage at a concert in Europe and she has a dog named Patti in homage to Smith.^[38] Because of Page's suggestions, Smith's work and name also factor prominently in two of Page's movies, Juno and The Tracey Fragments.

Band members

1974	Lenny Kaye – guitar Richard Sohl – keyboards
1975–1979	Lenny Kaye – guitar Jay Dee Daugherty – drums Richard Sohl – keyboards Bruce Brody – keyboards (1978) Ivan Kral – bass
1988	Fred "Sonic" Smith – guitar Jay Dee Daugherty – drums Richard Sohl – keyboards
1996–2006	Lenny Kaye – guitar Jay Dee Daugherty – drums Tony Shanahan – bass, keyboards Oliver Ray – guitar
2007–present	Lenny Kaye – guitar Jay Dee Daugherty – drums Tony Shanahan – bass, keyboards Jackson Smith – guitar

Discography

Main article: Patti Smith discography

Studio albums Horses (1975) Radio Ethiopia (1976) Easter (1978) Wave (1979) Dream of Life (1988) Gone Again (1996) Peace and Noise (1997) Gung Ho (2000) Trampin' (2004) Twelve (2007)

Other albums Hey Joe / Radio Ethiopia (1977) Set Free (1978) The Patti Smith Masters (1996) Land (2002) Horses/Horses (2005) iTunes Originals (2008) The Coral Sea (2008)

Bibliography

• Seventh Heaven (1972)
• Witt (1973)
• Ha! Ha! Houdini! (1977)
• Babel (1978)
• Woolgathering (1992)
• Early Work (1994)
• The Coral Sea (1996)
• Patti Smith Complete (1998)
• Strange Messenger (2003)
• Auguries of Innocence (2005)
• Land 250 (2008)
• Trois (2008)

Further reading

• Johnstone, Nick (September 1997). Patti Smith: A Biography. illustrated by Nick Johnstone. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 9780711961937. 
• Bockris, Victor; Roberta Bayley (1999-09-14). Patti Smith: An Unauthorized Biography. translated by Jesús Llorente Sanjuán. New York City: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780684823638. 
• McNeil, Legs; Gillian McCain (2006-05-09). Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk. Grove Press. ISBN 9780802142641. 
• Stefanko, Frank (2006-10-24). Patti Smith: American Artist. San Rafael: Insight Editions. ISBN 9781933784069. 
• Tarr, Joe (2008-05-30). The Words and Music of Patti Smith. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 9780275994112. 

Notes

External links

• Official website
• Patti Smith at Allmusic
• Patti Smith at the Internet Movie Database

Patti Smith Studio albums Horses • Radio Ethiopia • Easter • Wave • Dream of Life • Gone Again • Peace and Noise • Gung Ho • Trampin' • Twelve Other albums Hey Joe / Radio Ethiopia • Set Free • The Patti Smith Masters • Land • Horses/Horses • iTunes Originals • The Coral Sea Books Seventh Heaven • Witt • Ha! Ha! Houdini! • Babel • Woolgathering • Early Work • The Coral Sea • Patti Smith Complete • Strange Messenger • Auguries of Innocence Band members Lenny Kaye • Jay Dee Daugherty • Richard Sohl Related articles Discography • Patti Smith: Dream of Life • Cowboy Mouth • Fred "Sonic" Smith

Persondata
NAME	Smith, Patti
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Smith, Patricia Lee (birth name); Patti Smith Group
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Singer-songwriter, poet, artist
DATE OF BIRTH	December 30, 1946
PLACE OF BIRTH	Chicago
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH