North Vietnam

Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa Democratic Republic of Vietnam ←   ← 1945 – 1976 → Flag Anthem Tiến Quân Ca (Army March) Location of North Vietnam Capital Hanoi Language(s) Vietnamese Government Socialist republic First president Ho Chi Minh Historical era Cold War  - Independence proclaimed (from Japan) September 2  - Recognized 1954  - Disestablished July 2 Area 157,880 km² (60,958 sq mi) Currency đồng ¹As in Constitution of DRVN 1959

History of Vietnam

Hồng Bàng Dynasty prior to 257 BC Thục Dynasty 257–207 BC First Chinese domination 207 BC – 39 AD • Triệu Dynasty 207–111 BC Trưng Sisters 40–43 Second Chinese domination 43–544 • Lady Triệu's Rebellion 248 Early Lý Dynasty Triệu Việt Vương 544–602 Third Chinese domination 602–905 • Mai Hắc Đế 722 • Phùng Hưng 791–798 Autonomy 905–938 • Khúc Family 906–930 • Dương Đình Nghệ 931–937 • Kiều Công Tiễn 937–938 Ngô Dynasty 939–967 • The 12 Lords Rebellion 966–968 Đinh Dynasty 968–980 Early Lê Dynasty 980–1009 Lý Dynasty 1009–1225 Trần Dynasty 1225–1400 Hồ Dynasty 1400–1407 Fourth Chinese domination 1407–1427 • Later Trần Dynasty 1407–1413 • Lam Sơn Rebellion 1418–1427 Later Lê Dynasty 1428–1788 • Early Lê 1428–1788 • Restored Lê 1533–1788 • Mạc Dynasty 1527–1592 • Trịnh-Nguyễn War 1627–1673 Tây Sơn Dynasty 1778–1802 Nguyễn Dynasty 1802–1945 • Western imperialism 1887–1945 • Empire of Vietnam 1945 Indochina Wars 1945–1975 Partition 1954 • Democratic Republic  of Vietnam 1945–1949 and 1955–1976 • State of Vietnam 1949–1955 • Republic of Vietnam 1955–1975 • Rep. of South Vietnam 1975–1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam from 1976   Related topics Champa Dynasties c. 100–1471 List of Vietnamese monarchs Economic history of Vietnam

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa) was an effective state all over Vietnam from 1945 until the partition of Vietnam in 1954. From 1954 to 1976, it is referred to as a country on the northern half of Vietnam. It was proclaimed by Hồ Chí Minh in Hà Nội on September 2, 1945 with The Declaration of Independence, following the nation-wide August Revolution, as a communist provisional government.

On January 1, 1946, the first general election of Vietnam was held all over the country. The National Assembly was established with 333 elected deputies. The first National Assembly's session on March 2, 1946 in Hà Nội approved Ho Chi Minh as the head of the Government, and former-Emperor Bảo Đại as the Supreme-Advisor. The National Assembly also passed the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on November 11, 1946.

North Vietnam and the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam won the Second Indochina War, which is referred to outside the region as the "Vietnam Conflict", the "War in Viet Nam" , or more simply, "Vietnam War". The Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam controlled North Vietnam after the temporary partition of Vietnam in accordance with the Geneva Accords (1954). As the Government of South Vietnam refused to join the general election, which was indicated by the Geneva Accords to be organized in 1956 to re-unify the country, the partition of Vietnam continued until 1975. The Government of North Vietnam and the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam took over South Vietnam, leading to the united larger Vietnam that exists today with the same political system and organization as those of the North.

Contents 1 Partition of Indochina 2 International relations 3 The Fall of Saigon 4 References 5 See also 6 External links

Partition of Indochina

Further information: First Indochina War, Operation Passage to Freedom, and Geneva Conference (1954)

Following the partition of Vietnam in 1954 at the end of the First Indochina War, thousands of Vietnamese migrated to either the North and to the South. For example, an estimated 800,000 Catholics moved south. ^[1] The Catholic migration is attributed to perceived persecution of Catholics by the North Vietnamese government, as well as scare campaigns employed by the Saigon government of the Catholic Ngo Dinh Diem. ^[2] Concurrently, an estimated 130,000 people from South Việtnam who supported the Viet Minh headed for the North with the aid of Polish and Soviet ships.^[3]

Between 1953 and 1956, the DRVN government instituted various agrarian reforms, including land redistribution. Large landowners were publicly denounced as landlords (địa chủ), and their land distributed to poor and middle peasants.

A literary movement called Nhân văn-Giai phẩm (from the names of the two magazines which started the movement) attempted to encourage the democratization of the country and the free expression of thought.

International relations

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) capital was Hà Nội and its government was led by the left-nationalist Vietnam Workers' Party, which had been formed in opposition to foreign (French and Japanese) involvement in the territory of Vietnam.

In December 1960, the Vietnam Workers' Party co-initiated and began working within the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (referred to by the South as the Việt Cộng) which was organized to support reunification and oppose the government of South Vietnam. After August 1964, this was expanded to armed opposition to the military presence and operations of the United States in the southern areas of Vietnam.^[4] From at least 1965 onwards, both China and the Soviet Union provided aid to North Vietnam in support of its military activities; known in the West as the Vietnam War and in Vietnam as the American War.

In June 1969, in the South, the NLF formed a Provisional Revolutionary Government in order to present an organized alternative government to the international community.^[5]

In addition to the NLF, other nationalist insurgencies also operated within neighboring Laos and Cambodia, both formerly part of the French colonial territory of Indochina.

The Fall of Saigon

With the fall of Saigon to National Liberation Front and regular North Vietnamese armed forces on April 30, 1975, political authority within South Vietnam was assumed by the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (Chính phủ cách mạng lâm thời nước Cộng hoà miền Nam Việt Nam). This government merged with Democratic Republic of Vietnam on July 2, 1976, to form a single nation officially called the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Cộng hoà xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), or more commonly known as Việt Nam.

References

See also

• August Revolution
• Vietnam
• Flag of North Vietnam
• South Vietnam
• Indochina Wars
• Hồ Chí Minh
• Socialist State
• People's Army of Vietnam
• Northern and southern Vietnam

External links

• Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

Preceded by Nguyễn Dynasty Empire of Vietnam

Ruler of North Vietnam 1945 - 1976

Succeeded by Socialist Republic of Vietnam