Momotarō
Momotarō (桃太郎?) is a popular hero from Japanese folklore. His name literally means Peach Tarō; as Tarō is a common Japanese boy's name, it is often translated as Peach Boy. Momotarō is also the title of various books, films, and other works that portray the tale of this hero.
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Story
According to the present form of the tale (dating to the Edo Period), Momotarō came to Earth inside a giant peach, which was found floating down a river by an old, childless woman who was washing clothes there. The woman and her husband discovered the child when they tried to open the peach to eat it. The child explained that he had been sent by Heaven to be their son. The couple named him Momotarō, from momo (peach) and tarō (eldest son in the family).
An older form of the story has the old, childless woman discover the giant, floating peach and take it home with her, as she finds it to be of good color and tasty-looking. After eating a piece of the peach, the old woman is suddenly rejuvenated and regains the beauty of her youth. When her old husband comes home from the hills, he is astounded to find a dazzling young lady in his house. At first he does not even recognize his own wife in her rejuvenated form, but she explains to him how she has picked up an unusual peach floating in the river and brought it home to eat it and was magically transformed. She then gives her husband a piece of the peach to eat, and he also regains his youthful vigor. That night, the newly invigorated couple make love, and the woman becomes pregnant as a result. She eventually gives birth to their first child, a son, whom they name Tarō, as that is a common Japanese name for a first son. This version of the story is the oldest one that is historically documented, but it appears to have been replaced with the sexless version in school textbooks of the Meiji period, perhaps owing to a newfound sensitivity to sexual subjects that was introduced to Japan through contacts with contemporaneous European and Euro-American cultures, and the censored textbook version rapidly supplanted the traditional tale in the general Japanese social consciousness. It is notable that the peach is often seen as a symbol of sex or fertility in Japan, as its fruit is believed to resemble a woman's buttocks.
Years later, Momotarō left his parents for an island called Onigashima to destroy the marauding oni (demons or ogres) that dwelt there. En route, Momotarō met and befriended a talking dog, monkey, and pheasant, who agreed to help him in his quest. At the island, Momotarō and his animal friends penetrated the demons' fort and beat the demons' leader, Ura, as well as his army, into surrendering. Momotarō returned home with his new friends, and his family lived comfortably from then on.
Momotarō is strongly associated with Okayama, and his tale may have its origins there. The demon island of the story is sometimes associated with Megi-jima Island (an island in the Inland Sea near Takamatsu) due to the vast manmade caverns found on that island.[1][2]
Variants
There are a few variants to the story, depending on geographical region. Some say Momotaro floated by in a box, a white peach, or a red peach. Stories from Shikoku and Chugoku region muddy the distinction with characters from another folk story, the Monkey-Crab Battle (ja:さるかに合戦）that Momotaro took with him allies to Oni Island, namely a bee(蜂), a crab(蟹), a mill stone(臼), a chestnut(栗), and a cowpie(牛の糞).[3] In old days, all these animals and objects were believed to possess spirits and could move by their own will. The cowpie was sometimes given the honorific don (殿). This was to appease the cowpie spirit, so as it won't move to be under you when you stumble or take a step.
Momotarō's song
The popular Children's song about Momotarō titled Momotarō-san no Uta (Momotarō's Song) was first published in 1911. One version of it is included below with romanization and translation.
Momotarō-san no uta (Momotarō's Song) 桃太郎さんの歌
Momotarō-san, momotarō-san (Momotarō, Momotarō) 桃太郎さん、桃太郎さん
Okoshi ni tsuketa kibidango (Those millet dumplings on your waist) お腰につけたきびだんご
Hitotsu watashi ni kudasai na? (Won't you give me one?) 一つ私に下さいな！
Agemashou, agemashou (I'll give you one, I'll give you one) あげましょう、あげましょう
Ima kara oni no seibatsu ni (From now, on a quest to conquer the ogres) 今から鬼の征伐に
Tsuite kuru nara agemashou (If you come with me, I'll give one to you) ついてくるならあげましょう
References in popular media
The folklore character, Momotaro, has been featured in various animated films, such as Momotaro's Divine Sea Warriors and Momotaro's Sea Eagles.
Momotaro is also featured in Hudson Soft's Momotaro Densetsu series and its spin-off, the Momotaro Dentetsu board game series.
The game Shin Oni Ga Shima is loosely based on Momotaro's story, which is combined along with the Tale of the Bamboo Cutter (Princess Kaguya). One of the main characters is Donbe, which is based on Momotaro and has Hikari (based on Kaguya) as his half-sister. The dog, monkey and pheasant, called Ringo, Matsunosuke and Ohana , respectively, also appear alongside Donbe and Hikari.
The story was adapted in the Japanese Mario OVA, Mario's Peach Boy Taro (スーパーマリオ ももたろう). Princess Peach who was being raised by two elderly Hammer Bros., is kidnapped by King Koopa in an effort to make her his wife. Saddened by Peach's capture, the Hammer Bros. suddenly come across a giant Peach, which gives birth to Mario. After growing up big and strong, Mario sets off to rescue Peach, befriending some familiar Mario series enemies along the way. Working together, they defeat Koopa and rescue Peach.
A stage in the 2007 Nintendo DS game Moero! Nekketsu Rhythm Damashii Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan 2 serves as a sort of comic sequel to the Momotaro legend. Now an elderly man in modern Japan, Momotaro embarks on a journey to fight the demons of Onigashima once again. In the end, he convinces the oni to convert the island into an amusement park.
The legend is also featured in the cartoon Samurai Jack in the episode "Jack and the Baby." Jack tells him the story of Momotaro as a bedtime story to soothe the baby to sleep.
A demon fighter for Team Uratogi in the anime YuYu Hakusho named Kuro Momotaro (Black Peach Boy) is loosely based on Momotaro. [4]
In the game We Love Katamari in the Katamari Damacy series, one of the items that can be picked up in a food-eating level is Momotaro, symbolized by a small figure inside a peach.
The Imagin Momotaros from the tokusatsu series Kamen Rider Den-O is based on Ryotaro's memories of hearing of Momotaro. This is furthered in the Imagin anime shorts when Momotaros tries to retell the story he's based on in vain.
In the video game Okami, Amaterasu encounters a boy named Momotaro in Sei An city. He asks her to find his stolen millet dumplings.
One story in the comic-book series Usagi Yojimbo puts the title character in the starring role of the Momotaro tale.
Shichiroji, a character from the anime series, Samurai 7 was nicknamed Momotaro due to the fact that he had been found by his girlfriend named Yukino while floating down a river in a capsule that resembled a peach after being seriously injured during a battle.
In the manga One Piece, the three admirals are known as the Blue Pheasant, the Red Dog, and the Yellow Monkey. They are named after the three befriended animals in this folklore.
In the manga Ouran High School Host Club, the Host Club cosplays as Momotaro, the pheasant, the dog, and the monkey.
In the animated television series Urusei Yatsura, a young alien arrives on earth in a peach-shaped space capsule. He is initially referred to as Momotarō. [5]
In the first volume of the manga Eyeshield 21, there is an extra which is a parody of Momotaro. Sena appears as Momotaro, Mamori appears as the old lady that adopted Momotaro, Cerberos appears as the dog, Kurita appears as the monkey, Ishimaru appears as the pheasant, and Hiruma appears as oni.
Also, there is a reference to Momotaro in the anime Amatsuki, in which a character sings a rap-like song talking about Japanese myths.
The 2008 comic mini-series Batman: Death Mask by DC comics makes a small reference to Momotaro in the second issue when Kurosaki refers to Bruce Wayne as being just like "Momotaro, the Oni-Slayer".
The 2006 Super Sentai series GoGo Sentai Boukenger features an episode re-telling the legend within a modern context. In episode 36 'The Oni's Kanabou' the six Boukengers serve play the roles of other characters from the legend and the Questers function as the Oni.
An episode of the PBS Kids series Super Why! puts a "Fractured Fairy Tales" spin on the story when Pig and his two brothers argue about their new treehouse. In this episode, Momotaro is voiced by Dallas Jokic.
In video game Warioware: Smooth Moves for the Nintendo Wii console, there is a microgame where the player must pump an air pump to make a peach explode. If the player is successful in time, a child with a peach leaf on its privates pops out of the peach, a nod to Momotaro.
An upcoming Nintendo DS game, Little Red Riding Hood's Zombie BBQ, features Momotarō as Little Red Riding Hood's partner. [6]
References
- ↑ Oni-ga-shima(or Megijima)
- ↑ Megijima & Ogijima
- ↑ 桃太郎
- ↑ List of YuYu Hakusho characters
- ↑ Urusei yatsura - Space Mail Delivery! Ten-chan Arrives! at the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ http://ds.ign.com/articles/906/906780p1.html
Ishida Eiichirō Momotarō no haha 1966
See also
- Folklore
- Urashima Tarō
- Kintaro
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Japanese mythology and folklore |
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