Minor places in Arda

Almaren

(Q. "blessed") An island in the Great Lake, the home of the Valar in the middle of Arda. It was at the place where the light of the Two Lamps mingled. Almaren was attacked and damaged by Melkor, and the Valar moved far to the West, to Valinor. According to some traditions, the island of Almaren survived the attack, and was the same island as Tol Eressa.

Araman

(Q. 'outside Aman') The narrow northern coastlands of Aman, north of Valinor, that lay outside the mountain-fence of the Pelri. It was deserted, mountainous and frozen. To the north lay the Helcarax which joined it with Beleriand, and this was the way Melkor, and later the Noldor took after their Exile.

Avalln

The easternmost city on Tol Eressa and the Haven of the Eldar. It was founded either by the Teleri during their long stay there, before they left the island for Alqualond, or more probably by the Elves returning from Middle-earth after the War of Wrath. In any case, it became the chief dwelling of the Noldor and Sindar, as they were unwilling to settle in Valinor.

The city became the symbol of the Blessed Realm to Men, as before on cloudless days one could see the tower of Avalln from the Meneltarma in Nmenor. After the fall of Nmenor and the changing of the world, Avalln became the port of arrival for ships taking the Straight Road. It is said that the Master Stone of the palantri was placed in Avalln, and that Elendil often looked that way desiring to see the Lost West.

Tolkien was apparently evoking the island of Avalon in the legend of King Arthur, although the form Avalln literally means "near Valinor" in Quenya; compare this with Atalant, the name of Nmenor evoking Atlantis. Moreover, in Tolkien's writings originally Avallon was a later name for the island of Tol Eressa, not for the haven.

Avathar

The dark strip of land between the Pelri Mountains and the Great Sea, lying to the south of the Bay of Eldamar. It was the home of Ungoliant before she went to Middle-earth with Melkor during the events of The Silmarillion.

Avathar, being eaten away by the sea, was narrower than Araman, a similar region lying to the north of the Bay of Eldamar. But Avathar was a darker land; indeed it is accounted that there "the shadows were deepest and thickest in the world".^[1] This is the source of its name, which means 'Shadows' in ancient Quenya.^[2] (In later Exilic Quenya the name would have taken form Avasar, but it was not used outside historical records and thus was preserved in archaic form.)

Bay of Eldamar

The Bay of Eldamar was the greatest bay in Aman, the continent west of Middle-earth. It is named after Eldamar, the eastern part of Aman, which means Elvenhome in Quenya. When the Noldor and Vanyar came to Aman, they landed in this bay. Later when the Teleri came, Oss begged Ulmo to set Tol Eressa in the Bay of Eldamar, and Ulmo did this. But when the Noldor longed to see their kin again, Manw commanded Oss to teach the Teleri the art of ship-making, and grudgingly he did so.

Cuivinen

The land where the Quendi or Elves awoke. Its name (cuivi+nen) means 'water of awakening,' and it is said to have been on the shore of a large gulf in the inland Sea of Helkar in the far east of Middle-earth. The Awakening of the Elves took place in very ancient times, during the Years of the Trees, and Cuivinen is known to have been destroyed (perhaps by natural forces) since then.

The first Sundering of the Elves took place when the Eldar departed from Cuivinen to Valinor, leaving behind the Avari. It is unknown how long the Avari remained at Cuivinen during the First Age, but it is certain that the Sea of Helcar ceased to exist after the War of Wrath, for "to Cuivinen there is no returning"

Dark Land

A mysterious continent south of Middle-earth. No Elves or Dwarves lived here, but wild Men could have been there. The Nmenreans likely visited it on their long journeys, although it is not known if they established dwellings there. In the game Middle Earth Role Play by Iron Crown Enterprises, a Sindarin name for the Dark Land Morenor (probably intended to mean "Dark Middle-earth") was given, although it does not appear in any of Tolkien's writings.

Door of Night

Main article: Door of Night

A guarded portal in the distant West of the World, through which Morgoth was cast after his defeat in the War of Wrath. Its origins are unclear: according to some accounts, it was made by the Valar as a passage for the Sun, which would return into the World through the Gates of Morning in the east. According to others, though, it was made expressly as a gateway through which to expel Morgoth. The Door of Night was guarded by Erendil, bearing his Silmaril aloft in his shining ship Vingilot which he used to journey through the "oceans of heaven (...) into the starless voids".

Formenos

The stronghold of Fanor and his sons in the north of Valinor, built after the banishment of Fanor from Tirion. A great number of the Noldor, including their king Finw, went with Fanor into exile.

It was also home to the treasury of Fanor where he kept the Silmarils, and the place where Melkor slew Finw. It was a great fortress and armory. Indeed it was one of the few places in Valinor that housed military equipment.

Gates of Morning

According to early versions of the legendarium, a magic portal upon the easternmost confines of Imbar, where the Sun issued from each morning after passing through the Void. The conception was supposedly discarded later, but a reference survives into the published Silmarillion.

Great Gulf

The Great Gulf divided Beleriand and the other northern parts of Middle-earth from the unknown south during the First Age.

The Great Gulf was created after the destruction of the Two Lamps by Melkor and in the following war, when the Valar widened the great sea Belegaer. The Gulf started at the southern end of Beleriand, and from there flowed east all the way to where later was south Gondor, where a narrow strip of land separated it from the Sea of Helcar. North of the Great Gulf lay the lands of Beleriand and Eriador, south of it lay those lands which later would be known as Far Harad.

After the War of Wrath at the end of the First Age, the Great Gulf drained the Sea of Helcar and effectively disappeared itself, because much of Middle-earth was drowned. Only its eastern end remained, and became known as the Bay of Belfalas.

Helcarax

Also called the Helcaracs or the Grinding Ice, this was an icy waste between the lands of Aman and Middle-earth. Its exact nature is left a little unclear, but it seems to have been broken and shifting pack ice covering the northernmost parts of the Great Sea Belegaer.

Helcarax is first recorded as having been crossed by Melkor and Ungoliant after the darkening of the Trees, then later by Fingolfin and his people. One of the victims was Elenw, wife of Turgon. As a result of the War of Wrath, Beleriand was sundered, and with it Helcarax ceased to exist.

Hildrien

The land where Men awoke. Its name (Hildor+ien) means 'Land of the Followers', a reference to the name Hildor (Followers) given to Men by Elves. It is said to have been in the far east of Middle-earth.

According to legends of the Edain, Morgoth visited Men in Hildrien and converted them away from Eru Ilvatar, and Men were made mortal in divine punishment. However this was merely a trait bestowed upon men by Eru and not out of punishment. To escape the evil of Morgoth and his followers, the Atanatri were the first to flee Hildrien, travelling west to eventually Beleriand.

Ilmarin

The halls on the summit of Taniquetil in the Pelri mountains from which Manw and Varda oversaw the goings on in Arda.

Land of the Sun

Also called the Sun-Lands, this is an empty land east of Middle-earth where the Sun rises at dawn. Nothing is known of its geography except that there was a curve-shaped mountain range called the Wall of the Sun that corresponds to the Pelri Mountains of Aman to the far west. The highest peak of the Wall of the Sun is Kalorme, which is an eastern counterpart to Taniquetil. The Gates of Morning, through which the Sun enters Arda are situated here.

In the Ambarkanta, this region is called the Dark land of the Sun. There is a possibility the Nmenreans visited it.

The term should not be confused with "Sunlands", the Hobbit name for Harad (as seen in The Two Towers). In the game Middle Earth Role Play by Iron Crown Enterprises, a Sindarin name for the land Romenor (Easternesse) was given, although it does not appear in any of Tolkien's writings. Actually the proper Sindarin form would be Romennor.

Mhanaxar

The place where the Valar gathered to hold their councils. It was outside the golden western gates of Valmar.

Pelri Mountains

A mountain range in Aman that separates the inner plains of Valinor from Eldamar and the wastelands of Araman and Avathar. Taniquetil is the highest of these mountains and is home to the throne of Manw. The Halls of Mandos were apparently in the northern foothills of this mountain range.

Sea of Helkar

Also spelt Helcar, this was a great inland sea which existed during the First Age. In the beginning of Arda, the Valar created the Two Lamps. Due to Melkor's deceit these were destroyed, and where Helcar, the northern Lamp had stood a great inland sea was formed, which was named the Sea of Helkar after the tower on which the northern lamp had stood.

The awakening of the Elves was at Cuivinen, a gulf in the Sea of Helkar, and during the Great Journey they passed to the north of it through Wilderland on their way to Beleriand. After the War of Wrath at the end of the First Age, the Sea of Helkar was drained through the Great Gulf and disappeared.

Christopher Tolkien and others have speculated that the Sea of Rhn might "...be identified with the Sea of Helkar, vastly shrunken" (The War of the Jewels, pg. 174). In The Atlas of Middle-earth, Karen Wynn Fonstad assumed that the lands of Mordor, Khand, and Rhn lay where the Sea of Helcar had been, and that the Sea of Rhn and Sea of Nrnen were its remnants. In The Peoples of Middle-earth there are references to the Sea of Rhn existing in the First Age, but no indication as to whether it should be equated with the Sea of Helkar or not.

Straight Road

The route that leaves the earth's curvature and moves through sky and space to reach the land of Aman. It is so-called because it follows the old path across Belegaer from before the Akallabth when the Flat World was made Round. It is only kept open to Elves, who are allowed to sail to it on their ships by a special grace of the Valar. A ship departing on the Straight Road, when observed from the shore, would slowly become smaller to sight until it disappeared in a point, and not drop behind the horizon.

It is noted in earlier writings by Tolkien that some mortals besides those carried on Elven ships like Frodo Baggins and Bilbo Baggins can also find this route in a Bermuda Triangle-like instance (like lfwine/Eriol from The Book of Lost Tales).

Taniquetil

The tallest mountain in Arda in the Undying Lands and is part of the Pelri Mountains on the shores of Valinor. On its peak rests Ilmarin the palaces of the King and Queen of Valar. The name means "high white peak", although the Vanyar, who live on the Mountain, call it Oioloss which means "snow everwhite". The mountain holds the same place in Arda as Mount Olympus holds in Greek mythology^[3]

Utumno

Also known as Udn (Sindarin: "hell"), this was the first fortress of Melkor in the far north of Middle-earth. The name Udn was also given to a valley in north-west Mordor, shown on the map in The Lord of the Rings. Utumno was built by Melkor after his return following his first expulsion from Arda. The Valar had by this time created the Two Lamps, and Utumno was built around Valian Year 3400 under the Ered Engrin, where the light of the Two Lamps, Illuin and Ormal, was very dim.

Utumno was his base of operations for 1149 Valian Years, and from here he assaulted the Two Lamps and began corrupting Arda. It was also here that the first captured Elves were taken, and breeding of the Orcs began. Utumno was laid waste in the Years of the Trees, Valian Year 1099, in the War that the Valar began against Melkor because of the Elves. Melkor was chained and dragged as a captive to Valinor.

Melkor also gathered and bred Orcs, giant spiders, and other creatures in his fortress. Utumno was besieged and destroyed during the Battle of the Powers. Although not all sections were totally destroyed, Melkor never returned there.

Melkor established a second fortress at the western end of the Ered Engrin, known as Angband: this was originally held by Sauron. In the Third Age, Gandalf would refer to the Balrog of Moria as "Flame of Udn!", using the less common variant of the name.

Walls of Night

The extraordinary walls that surrounded Arda in ancient times, beyond Ekkaia, the Encircling Sea. In the west and east of the World, Ekkaia was wide, and the Walls were a great distance from land. In the north and south, however, the Encircling Sea was much narrower. This was how Melkor returned into the World during the Years of the Lamps of the Valar, coming secretly over the Walls of Night into the north of Arda, and building there his fortress of Utumno beyond the knowledge of the Valar.