Mary McAleese

Mary McAleese
8th President of Ireland
Incumbent
Assumed office  11 November 1997
Taoiseach	Bertie Ahern Brian Cowen
Preceded by	Mary Robinson
Born	27 June 1951 (1951-06-27) (age 58) Belfast, Northern Ireland
Political party	Fianna Fáil
Spouse	Martin McAleese
Profession	Pro-Vice Chancellor of QUB Barrister Journalist
Religion	Catholic

Mary Patricia McAleese (Irish: Máire Pádraigín Bean Mhic Ghiolla Íosa^[1][2] born 27 June 1951) is the eighth, and current President of Ireland. She is Ireland's second female president and the world's first woman to succeed another woman as an elected head of state. She was first elected president in 1997 and was re-elected, without contest, to another seven-year term in 2004. McAleese was born in Belfast in Northern Ireland and prior to becoming president she was a barrister, journalist and academic.

Background

McAleese was born Mary Patricia Leneghan (Irish: Máire Pádraigín Ní Lionnacháin) in Ardoyne, Belfast where she grew up. Her family was forced to leave the area by loyalists when the Troubles broke out.^[3] She was educated at St. Dominic's High School, the Queen's University of Belfast (from which she graduated in 1973), and Trinity College Dublin. She was called to the Northern Ireland Bar in 1974 and is today also a member of the Bar in the Republic of Ireland. In 1975 she was appointed Reid Professor of Criminal Law, Criminology and Penology in Trinity College, succeeding Mary Robinson (a succession that would repeat itself twenty years later, when McAleese assumed the presidency).

During the same decade she acted as legal advisor to, and a founding member of, the Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform, but she left this position in 1979 to join RTÉ as a journalist and presenter, during one period as a reporter and presenter for their 'Today Tonight' programme. In 1976 she married Martin McAleese. In 1981 she returned to the Reid Professorship, but continued to work part-time for RTÉ for a further four years. In 1987 she returned to Queen's University to become Director of the Institute of Professional Legal Studies. In the same year she stood, unsuccessfully, as a Fianna Fáil candidate in the general election.

McAleese was a member of the Catholic Church Episcopal Delegation to the New Ireland Forum in 1984 and a member of the Catholic Church delegation to the North Commission on Contentious Parades in 1996. She was also a delegate to the 1995 White House Conference on Trade and Investment in Ireland and to the subsequent Pittsburgh Conference in 1996. In 1994, she became the Pro-Vice Chancellor of the Queen's University of Belfast, the first woman and second Catholic to hold the position. Prior to becoming president in 1997 McAleese had also held the following positions:

• Director of Channel 4 Television.
• Director, Northern Ireland Electricity.
• Director, Royal Group of Hospitals Trust.
• Founder member of the Irish Commission for Prisoners Overseas.

Presidency

In 1997 McAleese defeated former Taoiseach Albert Reynolds in an internal, party election held to determine the Fianna Fáil nomination for the Irish presidency. Many commentators criticised Fianna Fáil's decision to nominate McAleese, claiming the election of a Belfast Catholic would harm relations with Britain. In 1990 the right wing journalist and commentator Eoghan Harris referred to her as a "tribal time bomb".^[4]

Presidental styles of Mary McAleese
Reference style	Uachtarán, President
Spoken style	Uachtarán, President
Alternative style	A Soilse, Her Excellency

Her opponents in the 1997 presidential election were Mary Banotti of Fine Gael, Adi Roche (the Labour candidate) and two independents: Dana Rosemary Scallon and Derek Nally.

She won the seat for presidency with 45.2% of first preference votes. In the second and final count against Banotti, she won 58.7% of preferences. On 11 November 1997, she was inaugurated as the eighth President of Ireland, the first time in history that a woman had succeeded another woman as an elected head of state anywhere in the world.

McAleese's initial seven year term of office ended in November 2004, but she announced on 14 September of that year that she would be standing for a second term in the 2004 presidential election. Following the failure of any other candidate to secure the necessary support for a nomination, the incumbent president stood unopposed, with no political party affiliation, and was declared elected on 1 October. She was officially re-inaugurated at the commencement of her second seven year term on 11 November. McAleese's very high job approval ratings were widely seen as the reason for her re-election, with no opposition party willing to bear the cost (financial or political) of competing in an election that would prove very difficult to win.^[5]

McAleese has said that the theme of her presidency is "building bridges". The first individual born in Northern Ireland to become President of Ireland, President McAleese is a regular visitor to Northern Ireland, where she has been on the whole warmly welcomed by both communities, confounding the critics who had believed she would be a divisive figure. She is also an admirer of Queen Elizabeth II, whom she came to know when she was Pro-Vice Chancellor of Queen's. It is said to be one of her major personal ambitions to host the first ever visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British head of state. In March 1998, McAleese announced that she would officially celebrate the Twelfth of July as well as Saint Patrick's Day, recognising the day's importance among Ulster Protestants. She also incurred some criticism from the Irish Roman Catholic hierarchy by taking communion in an Anglican (Church of Ireland) Cathedral in Dublin. On 27 January 2005, following her attendance at the ceremony commemorating the sixtieth anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp, she caused controversy by making reference to the way in which some Protestant children in Northern Ireland had been brought up to hate Catholics just as European children "for generations, for centuries" were encouraged to hate Jews.^[6][7][8] These remarks caused outrage among unionist politicians. McAleese later apologised,^[9] conceding that, because she had criticised only the sectarianism found on one side of the community, her words had been unbalanced.

On 22 May 2005, she was the Commencement Speaker at Villanova University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. The visit prompted protests by conservatives due to the President's professing heterodox Roman Catholic views on homosexuality and women in priesthood. She was the commencement speaker at the University of Notre Dame on 21 May 2006. In her commencement address, among other topics, she spoke of her pride at Notre Dame's Irish heritage, including the nickname the "Fighting Irish".

Since 19 November 2005, she is the longest-serving current female elected Head of State following the retirement of Chandrika Kumaratunga of Sri Lanka.

On 3 May 2007, she was awarded the The American Ireland Fund Humanitarian Award.

On 3 June 2007 she attended the canonization in Rome of Saint Charles of Mount Argus, her fifth visit to the Vatican in two years.

On 31 October 2007 she was awarded an honorary doctorate of laws from the University of Otago, New Zealand.

President Mary McAleese is a member of the Council of Women World Leaders, an International network of current and former women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to mobilize the highest-level women leaders globally for collective action on issues of critical importance to women and equitable development.

Council of State

Meetings

Presidential appointees

First term

• Gordon Brett
• Brian Crowley
• Ruth Curtis
• Christina Carney Flynn
• Stanislaus Kennedy
• Martin Naughton
• Noel Stewart

Second term

• Harvey Bicker
• Anastasia Crickley
• Mary Davis
• Martin Mansergh
• Enda Marren
• Denis Moloney
• Daráine Mulvihill

External links

• Rome Reports TV interview

• Official biography
• BBC Extended interview with President McAleese (audio) (interview of 2/3/2003)
• AIF Humanitarian Award speech
• President Mary McAleese with Council of Women World Leaders

References

Presidents of Ireland Uachtaráin na hÉireann Douglas Hyde · Seán T. O'Kelly · Éamon de Valera · Erskine H. Childers · Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh · Patrick Hillery · Mary Robinson · Mary McAleese

Heads of state of the European Union member states Fischer (AT) · Albert II (BE2) · Parvanov (BG) · Christofias1 (CY) · Klaus (CZ) · Margrethe II (DK2) · Ilves (EE) · Halonen (FI) · Sarkozy1 (FR) · Köhler (DE) · Papoulias (GR) · Sólyom (HU) · McAleese (IE) · Napolitano (IT) · Zatlers (LV) · Adamkus (LT) · Henri (LU2) · Fenech Adami (MT) · Beatrix (NL2) · Kaczyński (PL) · Cavaco Silva (PT) · Băsescu (RO) · Gašparovič (SK) · Türk (SI) · Juan Carlos I (ES2) · Carl XVI Gustaf (SE2) · Elizabeth II (UK2) 1 Also members of the European Council. 2 Monarchies.