Greater Los Angeles Area
 Common name: Greater Los Angeles Area |
|
| Largest city Other cities |
- Los Angeles - Long Beach - Santa Ana - Anaheim - Riverside - Glendale - San Bernardino - Huntington Beach - Irvine - Oxnard |
| Population | Ranked 2nd in the U.S. |
| - Total | CSA - 17,775,984 [1] |
| - Density | 2,665/sq. mi. 1,029/km² |
| Area | 4,850 sq. mi. 12,562 km² |
| State(s) | California |
| Elevation | |
| - Highest point | San Gorgonio Mountain 11,499 feet (3,505 m) |
| - Lowest point | Wilmington[3] -9 feet ( m) |
The Greater Los Angeles Area, or the Southland, (not to be confused with the Los Angeles Metro Area which includes only Los Angeles and Orange Counties) is the agglomeration of urbanized area around the county of Los Angeles, California, United States. Greater Los Angeles includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area as well as the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Area, and the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura Metro Area. San Diego and Imperial Counties, while a part of Southern California, are not included in this agglomeration.
It is the most commonly used term for the Combined Statistical Area (a group of interacting metropolitan areas) sprawled over five counties in the southern part of California, namely Los Angeles County, Orange County, San Bernardino County, Riverside County and Ventura County. A common unofficial definition includes the region ranging from Ventura County to the southwestern area of San Bernardino County. The region contains some of the most affluent areas of the country. It has been one of the fastest growing regions in the United States for decades, first in Los Angeles County, then Orange County, and now in the Inland Empire. As of 2005, the official estimate of the population of the Los Angeles metropolitan area is more than 12.9 million, while the larger five-county region has a population of over 17.6 million. Either definition makes it the second-largest core-based statistical area[4] in the country, behind the New York metropolitan area.
The U.S. Bureau of the Census has designated the five county region as the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside combined statistical area, with a July 1, 2006 population estimate of 17,776,000[5]. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Los Angeles metropolitan area has a total area of 4,850 square miles (12,561.442 km2), while the wider combined statistical area covers 33,954 square miles (87,940.456 km2), but more than half of this is the sparsely populated eastern areas of Riverside and San Bernardino counties.
Contents |
Metropolitan Statistical Area
The counties and county groupings comprising the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area are listed below with 2005 U.S. Census Bureau estimates of their populations.
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area (12,950,129)
- Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division (9,948,081)
- Los Angeles County (9,948,081)
- Santa Ana-Anaheim-Irvine, CA Metropolitan Division (3,002,048)
- Orange County (3,002,048)
Combined Statistical Area
In addition to the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, the following Metropolitan Statistical Areas are also included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA Combined Statistical Area (total pop. 17,775,984):
- Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area (799,720)
- Ventura County (799,720)
- Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area (4,026,135)
- Riverside County, California (2,026,803)
- San Bernardino County, California (1,999,332)
The combined statistical area is a multicore metropolitan region containing several urban areas.
| Population Rank |
Urbanized Area | State(s) | 2000 Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Los Angeles—Long Beach—Santa Ana | CA | 11,789,487 |
| 14 | Riverside—San Bernardino | CA | 1,506,816 |
| 68 | Mission Viejo | CA | 533,015 |
| 91 | Oxnard | CA | 337,591 |
| 123 | Lancaster—Palmdale | CA | 263,532 |
| 125 | Indio—Cathedral City—Palm Springs | CA | 254,856 |
| 131 | Temecula—Murrieta | CA | 229,810 |
| 143 | Thousand Oaks | CA | 210,990 |
| 150 | Victorville—Hesperia—Apple Valley | CA | 200,436 |
| 176 | Santa Clarita | CA | 170,481 |
| 227 | Hemet | CA | 117,200 |
| 238 | Simi Valley | CA | 112,345 |
| 368 | Camarillo | CA | 62,798 |
Counties in the Southland
- Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana Metropolitan Area
- Los Angeles County
- Orange County
- Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Area
- Riverside County
- San Bernardino County
- Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura Metropolitan Area
- Ventura County
Regions of the Southland
- Antelope Valley
- Central Los Angeles
- Conejo Valley
- Crescenta Valley
- East Los Angeles (also known as 'East L.A.')
- Gateway Cities
- Inland Empire
- Orange County
- Oxnard Plain
- San Fernando Valley
- San Gabriel Valley
- Santa Clarita Valley
- South Bay
- South Los Angeles (formerly known as 'South Central')
- West Los Angeles (also known as the 'Westside')
Principal cities
- Further information: List of towns in the Greater Los Angeles Area
The following is a list of principal cities in the Greater Los Angeles Area with 2008 California Department of Finance estimates of their population:[6]
Los Angeles—Long Beach—Santa Ana MSA
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Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario MSA
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Oxnard—Thousand Oaks—Ventura MSA
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- Oxnard (194,905)
- Thousand Oaks (128,650)
- Simi Valley (125,657)
- Ventura (108,261)
- Camarillo (65,453)
Geography
Urban Form
- See also: Bunker Hill, Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles has a long-standing reputation for sprawl; however, this reputation is undeserved. As of the 2000 Census, The "Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana" Urbanized Area had a population density of 7,068 inhabitants per square mile (2,729 /km²), covering 1,668 square miles (4,320 km2) of land area, making it the most densely-populated Urbanized Area (as defined by the United States Census Bureau) in the United States.[7] For comparison, the "New York-Newark" Urbanized Area as a whole had a population density of 5,309 per square mile (2,050 /km²), covering 3,353 square miles (8,684 km2) of land area.
The popular misconception of Los Angeles as a sprawling city may originate in the region's decentralized structure. Rather than being concentrated in a single downtown area, the region's major cultural, commercial, residential, political, industrial, and institutional resources are dispersed over an intricate, interconnected network. While the overall density of the city (municipality) of Los Angeles is low compared to some other large American cities (less than one-third the density of New York City, for instance),[8] this figure is deceiving in part because the region includes largely uninhabited areas such as parts of the Santa Monica Mountains and because many of the city's suburban satellites have densities among the highest in the nation.[9] The population density of the central area was more than 13,500 per square mile (5,212 /km²) in 2000[2]. Within its urbanized areas, Los Angeles is noted for small lot sizes, low vacancy rates, and general lack of large exurban spreads. In inner areas, its not uncommon for people to share rooms or rent their living room to strangers. However, even in inner areas, buildings tend to be of very low height compared to other extremely large cities because of restrictive aesthetically-focused zoning regulations. Los Angeles became a major city just as the Pacific Electric Railway spread population to smaller cities much as interurbans did in East Coast cities. In the first decades of the twentieth century, the area was marked by a network of fairly dense but separated cities linked by rail. The ascendance of the automobile helped fill in the gaps between these commuter towns with lower-density settlements.
Outside Los Angeles County, Orange County tends to stand on its own apart from the commerce of Los Angeles. A relatively few number of people living in Orange County commute to Los Angeles for employment. Since the 1970s, Orange County has developed its own industry apart fromLos Angeles. Due to the vast differences between the Los Angeles County and Orange County demographically, politically, and financially, Orange County is often identified apart from Los Angeles in popular media and by residents [3] [4] [5]; this has led to many in Los Angeles County referring to the border between Los Angeles and Orange Counties as "The Orange Curtain," a play on the "Iron Curtain" which separated Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War. Most Orange County residents find most of their entertainment, recreation, services, and jobs within the county limits which is uncommon for a suburban locale like Orange County [6]. Western Riverside County and San Bernardino County have become commuter regions characteristic of most suburban counties throughout the nation. Most residents in these counties commute to Los Angeles County and Orange County for employment [7]. Eastern Riverside County and San Bernardino County are so removed from Los Angeles County that they are virtually independent from the rest of the Los Angeles area.
Suburban areas surround the city of Los Angeles on all sides. Starting in the early twentieth century, there was a large growth in population on the western edges of the city moving to the San Fernando Valley and out into the Conejo Valley in eastern Ventura County. Much of the working class whites migrated to this area during the 1960s and 1970s out of East and Central Los Angeles.[10] As a result, there was a large growth in population into the Conejo Valley and into Ventura County through the US 101 corridor. Making the US 101 a full freeway in the 1960s and expansions that followed helped make commuting to Los Angeles easier and opened the way for development westward. Development in Ventura County and along the US 101 corridor remains controversial, with open-space advocates battling those who feel business development is necessary to economic growth.[11] Although the area still has abundant amount of open space and land, almost all of it was put aside and mandated never to be developed as part of the master plan of each city. Because of this, this area which was once a relatively inexpensive area to buy real estate, saw rising real estate prices well into the 2000s.[12] Median home prices in the Conejo Valley for instance, now range from $700,000 to $2.2 million.[13]
The Los Angeles area continues to grow, principally on the periphery where new, cheaper, undeveloped areas are being sought. As such, in these areas, populations as well as housing prices exploded, although the housing bubble popped late in the decade of the 2000s. Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, which contain large swaths of desert, attracted most of the population increase between 2000 and 2006. Growth continues not only outside the existing urbanized area but also adjacent to existing development in the central areas. As in virtually all US core cities, there is now vigorous residential development in the downtown area with both new buildings and renovation of former office buildings. The Los Angeles Downtown News keeps a list of ongoing development projects, updated every quarter, [8].
Identity
The term "Greater Los Angeles" can be used to denote the metropolitan area or the consolidated area. The term "Southland" is more nebulous and can refer to either. Additionally, the Southland is used more so in local media than by residents. As is the case in virtually all major metropolitan areas, most employment is now outside the downtown core and many people commute and conduct all of their daily activities in suburban areas, such as the large counties and the municipalities that are outside the city of Los Angeles.
Orange County maintains a distinct identity apart from Los Angeles County due to the vast cultural differences. Most people identify Orange County as an individual location apart from Los Angeles.
The eastern portions of Riverside County and San Bernardino County also maintain distinct identities because of their geographical boundaries and vast distances that separate the eastern portions of those counties from the rest of the Los Angeles area.
Boundaries
Some areas are bounded by natural features such as mountains or the ocean; others are marked by city boundaries, freeways, or other constructed landmarks. For example, Downtown Los Angeles is the area of Los Angeles roughly enclosed by three freeways and one river: the Harbor Freeway (SR 110) to the west, the Santa Ana Freeway (US 101) to the north, the Los Angeles River to the east, and the Santa Monica Freeway (I-10) to the south. Or, the San Fernando Valley: lying north-northwest of downtown ("The Valley") is a 15 miles (24 km) wide basin ringed by mountains.
Some other areas of Los Angeles include the Westside; South L.A. (formerly known as South Central L.A.); and the San Pedro/Harbor City area. Adjoining areas that are outside the actual city boundaries of the incorporated city of Los Angeles include the South Bay, the Gateway Cities, the San Gabriel Valley and the Foothills. The San Pedro/Harbor City area was annexed by the city of Los Angeles so the city could have access to and control over the Port of Los Angeles. It is connected to the rest of L.A. only by a narrow corridor that generally follows the Harbor Freeway. Many Angelenos consider the Eastside to be the area east of the Los Angeles River, south of Glendale and Pasadena, and north of the Gateway Cities, including the area of unincorporated Los Angeles County that includes East Los Angeles.
The city boundaries are quite complicated. For example, Beverly Hills and West Hollywood are completely surrounded by the City of Los Angeles except for a small border the two cities share. Culver City is surrounded by L.A. except where it shares a boundary with the unincorporated communities of Ladera Heights and Baldwin Hills. Both Santa Monica and the unincorporated area of Marina del Rey are surrounded except on their ocean side. San Fernando in the northern corner of the San Fernando Valley is also a separate city entirely surrounded by L.A. territory. Despite the large footprint of the City of L.A., a majority of the land area within Los Angeles County is unincorporated and under the primary jurisdiction of Los Angeles County.
Demographics
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1900 | 250,187 |
|
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| 1910 | 648,316 | 159.1% | |
| 1920 | 1,150,252 | 77.4% | |
| 1930 | 2,597,066 | 125.8% | |
| 1940 | 3,252,720 | 25.2% | |
| 1950 | 4,934,246 | 51.7% | |
| 1960 | 7,751,616 | 57.1% | |
| 1970 | 9,972,037 | 28.6% | |
| 1980 | 11,497,486 | 15.3% | |
| 1990 | 14,531,529 | 26.4% | |
| 2000 | 16,373,645 | 12.7% | |
| Est. 2006 | 17,775,984 | 8.6% | |
| historical data source: [14] | |||
As of the 2000 census, there were 16,373,645 people residing in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The racial makeup of the area was 55.14% White (39.01% White Non-Hispanic), 10.39% Asian, 0.29% Pacific Islander, 7.60% African American, 0.87% Native American, 21.00% from other races, and 4.70% from two or more races. 40.30% of the population were Hispanic of any race. 30.95% of the population (5.068 million) was foreign born; of this, 62.07% came from Latin America, 28.93% from Asia, 6.00% from Europe, and 3.00% from other parts of the world. 20.22% of the population (3.310 million) was born in different states.
The explosive growth of the region in the 20th century can be attributed to its favorable Mediterranean climate, the availability of land and many booming industries such as oil, automobile and rubber, motion pictures and aerospace which in turn attracted millions of people from all over the United States and world.
While the New York metropolitan area is presently the most populous metropolitan area in the United States, it has been predicted in the past that Greater Los Angeles will eventually surpass Greater New York in population. Whether this will happen is yet to be seen, but past predictions on this event have been off the mark. A 1966 article in Time Magazine predicted Greater Los Angeles would surpass New York by 1975, and that by 1990, would reach close to the 19 million mark.[15] But the article's flawed definition of Greater Los Angeles included San Diego, which is actually its own metropolitan area. A 1989 article in The New York Times predicted Greater Los Angeles would surpass Greater New York by 2010[16], but the article predicted the population would be 18.3 million in that year, a number Greater New York has already surpassed as of 2007 by half a million people. Because present statistics for 2008 are unknown, according to the most recent numbers, Greater New York in 2007, using the Combined Statistical Area, had just over 4.2 million more people (21.97 million) than Greater Los Angeles had in 2006 (est.).
Politics
| Year | GOP | DEM | Others |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 37.3% 2,099,609 | 60.8% 3,425,319 | 1.9% 107,147 |
| 2004 | 45.3% 2,490,150 | 53.4% 2,932,429 | 1.3% 69,649 |
| 2000 | 41.3% 2,003,114 | 54.6% 2,652,907 | 4.1% 198,750 |
| 1996 | 38.3% 1,661,209 | 51.3% 2,220,837 | 10.4% 449,706 |
| 1992 | 33.8% 1,657,151 | 45.0% 2,202,345 | 21.2% 1,038,448 |
| 1988 | 53.8% 2,408,696 | 45.0% 2,014,670 | 1.2% 54,441 |
| 1984 | 60.6% 2,614,904 | 38.3% 1,650,231 | 1.1% 48,225 |
| 1980 | 55.5% 2,187,859 | 35.0% 1,381,285 | 9.5% 374,993 |
| 1976 | 50.8% 1,877,267 | 46.7% 1,728,532 | 2.5% 93,554 |
| 1972 | 57.7% 2,346,127 | 38.7% 1,573,708 | 3.6% 146,653 |
| 1968 | 50.3% 1,836,478 | 43.0% 1,570,478 | 7.3% 247,280 |
| 1964 | 44.0% 1,578,837 | 55.9% 2,006,184 | 0.1% 2,488 |
| 1960 | 50.8% 1,677,962 | 48.9% 1,612,924 | 0.3% 10,524 |
Greater Los Angeles or CSA is a Left-leaning metropolitan area. During the 1970s and 1980s the region was leaning Republican. Los Angeles County, the cultural and economic center of the region is a Democratic stronghold. Ventura County is the only county in the region considered a swing county, although with a slight Republican lean. San Bernardino County is a moderate Republican leaning county. Riverside and Orange Counties are Republican-strongholds in the region.
Hispanics are strongly Democratic in all areas of Southern California, and the large number of Hispanic immigrants in Los Angeles County is solely what causes the county lean Democratic . The majority of White residents in all counties composing the Greater Los Angeles Area are registered Republicans [9]. Most Republicans, particularly in Orange County, Riverside County, and San Bernardino County, have resisted the massive influx of Hispanic immigrants and illegal aliens who have moved north . Republican politicians in the Southland are generally keen on preventing illegal immigration and denying free benefits for illegal immigrants . Asian immigrants are split between the Republican and Democratic parties . A small majority of Asians in Los Angeles County are Democrats while in Orange County, Asians are strongly Republican .
Economy
Greater Los Angeles Area is an economic powerhouse, ranking as the third largest metropolitan economy in the world, behind Tokyo and New York Metropolitan Area. A 2005 PricewaterhouseCoopers study showed that Los Angeles urban area had a $639 billion economy. [17] Greater Los Angeles (including Inland Empire and Ventura county) had a $770.6 billion economy. [18]
Tourism
Due to L.A.'s stance as the "Entertainment Capital of the World", there is an abundance of attractions here. Consequently, the Greater L.A. Area is one of the most visited areas in the world. Here is a breakdown of some of its major attractions:
Theme parks
- Disneyland
- Disney's California Adventure
- Knott's Berry Farm
- Pacific Park
- Six Flags Magic Mountain
- Universal Studios Hollywood
Beaches
- Malibu
- Venice Beach
- Huntington Beach
- Laguna Beach
- Dana Point
- Newport Beach
- Manhattan Beach
- Hermosa Beach
- Redondo Beach
- San Clemente
- Santa Monica
Shopping
- Tweedy Mile
- Rodeo Drive
- The Grove at Farmer's Market
- Beverly Center
- Glendale Galleria
- Old Pasadena
- Irvine Spectrum Center
- Paseo Colorado
- Westfield Century City
- Westfield MainPlace
- Westside Pavilion
- Valencia Town Center
- Third Street Promenade
- South Coast Plaza
- Downtown Disney
- Universal CityWalk
- Westfield Topanga
- The Block at Orange
- Ontario Mills
- Victoria Gardens
- Hollywood and Highland
- Bella Terra
- Fashion Island
- Westminster Mall
- Asian Garden Mall
Motion picture studios
- Warner Brothers Studios
- CBS Television City
- Paramount Studios
- NBC Studios
- Walt Disney Studios
- Universal Studios
- Santa Clarita Studios
- 20th Century Fox
- Sony Pictures Entertainment
Waterparks
- Raging Waters
- Knott's Soak City USA
- Six Flags Hurricane Harbor
- Wild Rivers
- Pharaoh's Lost Kingdom
Zoos and aquariums
- Los Angeles Zoo
- Santa Ana Zoo
- Aquarium of the Pacific
Nightlife
- Hollywood
- Sunset Strip
- Santa Monica
- Huntington Beach
Museums
- See also, Los Angeles City Museums
- Bowers Museum
- Heritage Square Museum
- California Science Center
- Discovery Science Center
- Getty Center
- Getty Villa
- Griffith Observatory
- Huntington Library
- La Brea Tar Pits
- Los Angeles County Museum of Art
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
- Norton Simon Museum
- Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
- Museum of Latin American Art
- Museum of Tolerance
- Petersen Automotive Museum
- Toyota USA Automobile Museum
Presidential Museums
- Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
- Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
Other
- Queen Mary
- Mission Inn
Commercial airports
| Airport | IATA code | ICAO code | County |
|---|---|---|---|
| Los Angeles International Airport | LAX | KLAX | Los Angeles |
| LA/Ontario International Airport | ONT | KONT | San Bernadino |
| John Wayne Airport | SNA | KSNA | Orange |
| Bob Hope Airport | BUR | KBUR | Los Angeles |
| Long Beach Municipal Airport | LGB | KLGB | Los Angeles |
| LA/Palmdale Regional Airport | PMD | KPMD | Los Angeles |
| San Bernardino International Airport | SBD | KSBD | San Bernardino |
Sports
Major sports teams serving the Greater Los Angeles area include the Los Angeles Clippers and Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association, the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball, the Los Angeles Kings and Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League, the Los Angeles Galaxy and Chivas USA of Major League Soccer, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association, the Los Angeles Avengers of the Arena Football League and the Los Angeles Riptide of Major League Lacrosse.
The Los Angeles media market currently lacks a National Football League team. After the 1994 season, the Los Angeles Rams moved to St. Louis, Missouri and the Los Angeles Raiders moved to Oakland, California, their original home.
There were several years that made Los Angeles area sports dominate:
- 1972: The Lakers, having won 33 straight games at one point in the regular season, finally won their first NBA championship in Los Angeles, with a victory over the New York Knicks in the NBA Finals. The UCLA Bruins won their eighth national championship in Division I basketball overall, and a sixth consecutive during their amazing tenure with John Wooden as coach. The USC Trojans got their seventh national championship in Division I-A football, with a victory over the Ohio State Buckeyes in the Rose Bowl Game.
- 1988: Having guaranteed a repeat during the 1987 championship parade, head coach Pat Riley and the Lakers became the first repeat champions in the NBA in 19 years, with a victory in the 1988 NBA Finals over the Detroit Pistons. In the summer, the Los Angeles Kings acquired Wayne Gretzky from the Edmonton Oilers, and the Dodgers pulled an improbable run to the World Series championship, with victories over the New York Mets in the NLCS, and the Oakland Athletics in the World Series.
- 2002: The Los Angeles Lakers (NBA), Los Angeles Sparks (WNBA), Los Angeles Galaxy (MLS), and Anaheim Angels (MLB) each won championships, giving the Los Angeles area 4 major professional titles in a single year. The Lakers won a third consecutive championship, with a victory over the New Jersey Nets in the NBA Finals. The Sparks won their second consecutive title. Meanwhile, the titles for the Angels and Galaxy were a first for each of them. The Galaxy beat the New England Revolution in the MLS Cup, while the Angels beat the San Francisco Giants in the 2002 World Series.
In 2007, the Los Angeles area finally acquired the only title that had eluded the region, when the Anaheim Ducks captured the Stanley Cup chamipionship over the Ottawa Senators, in the 2007 Stanley Cup Finals.
As a whole, the Los Angeles area has more national championships, all sports combined (college and professional), than any other city in the United States, with over four times as many championships as the entire state of Texas, and just over twice that of New York City.
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See also
- Megacity
- Bajalta California
- Southern California
- San Diego-Tijuana Metropolitan Area
- SanSan
- United States metropolitan area
- Largest metropolitan areas in the Americas
References
- ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas". US Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-03-29.
- ↑ "U.S. Census Bureau 2005 estimates for metropolitan statistical areas". US Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-03-29.
- ↑ "Statistical data". Los Angeles County Online. Retrieved on 2008-03-29.
- ↑ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas". US Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
- ↑ "Combined Statistical Area Population Estimates File for Internet Display". US Census Bureau (2006). Retrieved on 2008-04-14.
- ↑ California Department of Finance 2008 Population Estimates
- ↑ American Factfinder, United States Census Bureau, Table: "GCT-PH1-R. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density (geographies ranked by total population): 2000" from Data Set: "Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data", accessed 10 October, 2007 at: [1] See also: List of United States urban areas
- ↑ Haughton, Graham, and Colin Hunter, Sustainable Cities, London: Routledge, 2003: 81.
- ↑ Bruegmann, Robert. Sprawl: A Compact History. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2005: 65.
- ↑ Gutierrez, David. The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003: 94.
- ↑ Curtiss, Aaron. "Bitter Land-Use Fights Seen For 101 Corridor Development." Los Angeles Times 20 November 1993: B1.
- ↑ Olsen, Andy. "Local Home Prices Soar in May." Los Angeles Times 23 June 2003: B3.
- ↑ Griggs, Gregory. "Local Homes Get Even Pricier." Los Angeles Times 21 August 2003: B1.
- ↑ "Older Suburbs in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area".
- ↑ "Magnet in the West", Time Magazine, 1966-09-02, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,842728-4,00.html, retrieved on 2008-04-24 "Greater Los Angeles is already the second-most-populous metropolis in the U.S., is almost sure to surpass New York by 1975. Last week alone, some 5,000 people moved into the area. By 1990, such growth will make the city the hub of an uninterrupted urbanized stretch of almost 19 million inhabitants occupying the 175-mile-long, coastal area that runs from Santa Barbara in the north to San Diego in the south."
- ↑ Reinhold, Robert (1989-08-28), "No Headline", The New York Times, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE0DC1330F93BA1575BC0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2, retrieved on 2008-04-24, "and the region's population will surpass New York's, reaching 18.3 million in 2010"
- ↑ The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005
- ↑ U.S. Metro Economies: GMP - The Engines of America's Growth
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