List of Prime Ministers of Portugal

Portugal

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Portugal

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In Portugal, the post of Prime Minister (Portuguese: primeiro-ministro, pron. IPA: [pɾi'mɐiɾu mɨ'niʃtɾu] or [mi'niʃtɾu]) is the head of the country's Government. He/she coordinates the actions of all ministers, represents the Government as a whole, reports his actions and is controlled by the Assembly of the Republic, and keeps the President of the Republic informed.

There is no limit to the number of mandates as Prime Minister. He/she is appointed by the President of the Republic, after the legislative elections and after an audience with every leader of a party represented at the Assembly. It is usual for the leader of the party most voted in the elections to be named Prime Minister.

Before the Carnation Revolution of 1974 the competences of the Prime Minister were different. Since the 1820 Liberal Revolution of Porto, liberalism and parliamentarism were installed in the country. In the first liberal period, there were three to six secretaries of state with equal position in the hierarchy, but with the Secretary of State of Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (usually known by Minister of the Kingdom) occupying a prominent position. Occasionally there was a Minister Assistant to the Dispatch, a coordinator of all secretaries of state, and with a post similar to that of a prime minister. After a brief absolutistic restoration, the second liberalism started. With the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy, post of President of the Council of Ministers was created. The Presidents of the Council were clearly the heads of government of the kingdom holding the executive power that absolutistic monarchs had, but were restricted by the controlling power of a National Congress.

With the advent of the Republic in the 5 October 1910 revolution, the Prime Minister was renamed President of the Ministry. During this period the heads of government were under the strong power of the parliament and often fell due to parliamentary turmoils and social instability. With the 28 May 1926 coup d'état, and eventually, after the formation of the Estado Novo quasi-fascist dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, the Prime Minister was again named President of the Council of Ministers, and was nominally the most important figure in the country. First Salazar and then Marcello Caetano occupied this post for almost 42 years. With the Carnation Revolution came the Prime Minister, which replaced the President of the Council.

Numbering

The numbering of the Prime Ministers starts with the first President of the Council of Ministers of the constitutional monarchy. A second column is added after the establishment of the Republic, numbering the Prime Ministers from there to the present day. Another column is added for the numbering inside the three regimes: First Republic, the Second Republic and Third Republic, with a fourth column in the Second Republic to mark the numbering of Prime Ministers since the 1926 revolution that established the National Dictatorship and since the replacement of the National Dictatorship with the Salazarist Estado Novo. In the Third Republic, a fourth column is also used to distinguish the prime ministers of the provisional governments that existed during the period immediately following the Carnation Revolution of 1974 from the prime ministers that assumed office after the entry into force of Portugal's current democratic Constitution adopted 1976. The numbering of the Constitutional Governments since the first elections held under the 1976 Constitution is used in Portugal as the official numbering of succeeding Cabinets.

Constitutional Monarchy

      No party       Chartist/Chamorro       Chamorro       Septemberist       Chartist       Regenerator       Historic       Reformist       Regenerator/Historic       Progressist       Liberal Regenerator

#			Took office	Left office	Party
Constitutional Monarchy – Second Liberalism (1834-1910)
1		Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquess of Palmela	September 24, 1834	May 4, 1835	Chartist/"Chamorro"
2		Vitório Maria Francisco de Sousa Coutinho Teixeira de Andrade Barbosa, Count of Linhares	May 4, 1835	May 27, 1835	"Chamorro"
3		João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Marquess of Saldanha	May 27, 1835	November 18, 1835	Independent
4		José Jorge Loureiro	November 18, 1835	April 20, 1836	Independent
5		António José de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquess of Vila Flor	April 20, 1836	September 10, 1836	"Chamorro"
6		José Manuel da Cunha Faro Menezes Portugal Gama Carneiro e Sousa, Count of Lumiares	September 10, 1836	November 4, 1836	Septemberist
7		José Bernardino de Portugal e Castro, Marquess of Valença and Count of Vimioso	November 4, 1836	November 5, 1836	Independent
8		Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Viscount of Sá da Bandeira	November 5, 1836	June 1, 1837	Septemberist
9		António Dias de Oliveira	June 1, 1837	August 2, 1837	Septemberist
10		Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Viscount of Sá da Bandeira	August 2, 1837	April 18, 1839	Septemberist
11		Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro de Almeida Carvalhais, Baron of Ribeira de Sabrosa	April 18, 1839	November 26, 1839	Septemberist
12		José Lúcio Travassos Valdez, Count of Bonfim	November 26, 1839	June 9, 1841	Septemberist
13		Joaquim António de Aguiar	June 9, 1841	February 7, 1842	Septemberist
14		Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquess of Palmela	February 7, 1842	February 9, 1842	Independent
15		António José de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira	February 9, 1842	May 20, 1846	Chartist
16		Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquess of Palmela	May 20, 1846	October 6, 1846	Chartist
17		João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha	October 6, 1846	June 18, 1849	Chartist
18		António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, Count of Tomar	June 18, 1849	April 26, 1851	Chartist
19		António José de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquess of Vila Flor	April 26, 1851	May 1, 1851	Regenerator
20		João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha	May 1, 1851	June 6, 1856	Regenerator
21		Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Marquess of Loulé	June 6, 1856	March 16, 1859	Historic
22		António José de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquess of Vila Flor	March 16, 1859	May 1, 1860	Regenerator
23		Joaquim António de Aguiar	May 1, 1860	July 4, 1860	Regenerator
24		Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé	July 4, 1860	April 17, 1865	Historic
25		Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquess of Sá da Bandeira	April 17, 1865	September 4, 1865	Reformist
26		Joaquim António de Aguiar	September 4, 1865	January 4, 1868	Regenerator (together with the Historic Party)
27		António José de Ávila, Count of Ávila	January 4, 1868	July 22, 1868	Independent
28		Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquess of Sá da Bandeira	July 22, 1868	August 11, 1869	Reformist
29		Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé	August 11, 1869	May 19, 1870	Historic
30		João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira Daun, 1st Duke of Saldanha	May 19, 1870	August 29, 1870	Regenerator
31		Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquess of Sá da Bandeira	August 29, 1870	October 29, 1870	Reformist
32		António José de Ávila, Marquess of Ávila	October 29, 1870	September 13, 1871	Reformist
33		António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo	September 13, 1871	March 6, 1877	Regenerator
34		António José de Ávila, Marquess of Ávila	March 6, 1877	January 26, 1878	Reformist
35		António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo	January 26, 1878	May 29, 1879	Regenerator
36		Anselmo José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco	May 29, 1879	March 23, 1881	Progressist
37		António Rodrigues Sampaio	March 23, 1881	November 14, 1881	Regenerator
38		António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo	November 14, 1881	February 16, 1886	Regenerator
39		José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real	February 16, 1886	January 14, 1890	Progressist
40		António de Serpa Pimentel	January 14, 1890	October 11, 1890	Regenerator
41		João Crisóstomo de Abreu e Sousa	October 11, 1890	January 18, 1892	Independent
42		José Dias Ferreira	January 18, 1892	February 22, 1893	Independent
43		Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro	February 22, 1893	February 5, 1897	Regenerator
44		José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real	February 5, 1897	July 26, 1900	Progressist
45		Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro	July 26, 1900	October 20, 1904	Regenerator
46		José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real	October 20, 1904	March 19, 1906	Progressist
47		Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro	March 19, 1906	May 19, 1906	Regenerator
48		João Ferreira Franco Pinto Castelo-Branco	May 19, 1906	February 4, 1908	Liberal Regenerator
49		Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral	February 4, 1908	December 26, 1908	Independent
50		Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques	December 26, 1908	April 11, 1909	Independent (Regenerator and Progessist)
51		Sebastião Custódio de Sousa Teles	April 11, 1909	May 14, 1909	Independent
52		Wenceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima	May 14, 1909	December 22, 1909	Independent
53		Francisco António da Veiga Beirão	December 22, 1909	June 26, 1910	Regenerator
54		António Teixeira de Sousa	June 26, 1910	October 5, 1910	Regenerator

First Republic

      No party       Republican       Democratic       Sacred Union       National Republican/Sidonist       Liberal Republican       National Reconstitution Republican       Nationalist Republican       Democratic Leftwing Republican

#		President of the Ministry		Took office	Left office	Party
First Republic (1910-1926)
55	1		Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga	October 5, 1910	August 24, 1911	Republican
56	2		João Pinheiro Chagas	September 4, 1911	November 13, 1911	Republican
57	3		Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia	November 13, 1911	June 16, 1912	Republican
58	4		Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva	June 16, 1912	January 9, 1913	Republican
59	5		Afonso Augusto da Costa	January 9, 1913	February 9, 1914	Democratic
60	6		Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães	February 9, 1914	December 12, 1914	Democratic
61	7		"Vítor Hugo" de Azevedo Coutinho	December 12, 1914	January 28, 1915	Democratic
62	8		Joaquim Pereira Pimenta de Castro	January 28, 1915	May 14, 1915	Independent
-			Constitutional Junta composed of: José Norton de Matos António Maria da Silva José de Freitas Ribeiro Alfredo de Sá Cardoso Álvaro de Castro	May 14, 1915	May 15, 1915	Independent
-			João Pinheiro Chagas (did not take office)	May 15, 1915	May 17, 1915	Independent
63	9		José Augusto Soares Ribeiro de Castro	May 17, 1915	November 29, 1915	Democratic
64	10		Afonso Augusto da Costa	November 29, 1915	March 16, 1916	Democratic
65	11		António José de Almeida	March 16, 1916	April 25, 1917	Sacred Union (Evolutionist Republican together with the Democrats)
66	12		Afonso Augusto da Costa	April 25, 1917	October 7, 1917	Democratic
-	-		José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (interim)	October 7, 1917	October 25, 1917	Democratic
-	-		Afonso Augusto da Costa	October 25, 1917	November 17, 1917	Democratic
-	-		José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (interim)	November 17, 1917	December 8, 1917	Democratic
67	13		Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais	December 8, 1917	December 14, 1918	National Republican
68	14		João do Canto e Castro da Silva Antunes Júnior	December 14, 1918	December 23, 1918	National Republican
69	15		João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa	December 23, 1918	January 27, 1919	National Republican
70	16		José Maria Mascarenhas Relvas	January 27, 1919	March 30, 1919	Independent
71	17		Domingos Leite Pereira	March 30, 1919	June 30, 1919	Independent
72	18		Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso	June 30, 1919	January 15, 1920	Democratic
-			Francisco José Fernandes Costa (did not take office)	January 15, 1920		Liberal Republican
-			Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (reconducted)	January 15, 1920	January 21, 1920	Democratic
73	19		Domingos Leite Pereira	January 21, 1920	March 8, 1920	Independent
74	20		António Maria Baptista	March 8, 1920	June 6, 1920	Democratic
75	21		José Ramos Preto	June 6, 1920	June 26, 1920	Democratic
76	22		António Maria da Silva	June 26, 1920	July 19, 1920	Democratic (together with the Socialists and Populars)
77	23		António Joaquim Granjo	July 19, 1920	November 20, 1920	Liberal Republican (together with the National Reconstitution Republicans)
78	24		Álvaro Xavier de Castro	November 20, 1920	November 30, 1920	National Reconstitution Republican (together with the Democratics and Populars)
79	25		Liberato Damião Ribeiro Pinto	November 30, 1920	March 2, 1921	Democratic (together with National Reconstitution Republicans and Populars)
80	26		Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães	March 2, 1921	May 23, 1921	Democratic (together with National Reconstitution Republicans and Populars)
81	27		Tomé José de Barros Queirós	May 23, 1921	August 30, 1921	Liberal Republican
82	28		António Joaquim Granjo	August 30, 1921	October 19, 1921	Liberal Republican
83	29		António Manuel Maria Coelho	October 19, 1921	November 5, 1921	Independent
84	30		Carlos Henrique da Silva Maia Pinto	November 5, 1921	December 16, 1921	Independent
85	31		Francisco Pinto da Cunha Leal	December 16, 1921	February 7, 1922	Independent
86	32		António Maria da Silva	February 7, 1922	November 15, 1923	Democratic
87	33		António Ginestal Machado	November 15, 1923	December 18, 1923	Nationalist Republican
88	34		Álvaro Xavier de Castro	December 18, 1923	July 7, 1924	Nationalist Republican (together with the Democratics)
89	35		Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar	July 7, 1924	November 22, 1924	Democratic
90	36		José Domingues dos Santos	November 22, 1924	February 15, 1925	Democratic Leftwing Republican
91	37		Vitorino Máximo de Carvalho Guimarães	February 15, 1925	July 1, 1925	Democratic
92	38		António Maria da Silva	July 1, 1925	August 1, 1925	Democratic
93	39		Domingos Leite Pereira	August 1, 1925	December 18, 1925	Democratic
94	40		António Maria da Silva	December 18, 1925	May 30, 1926	Democratic

Second Republic (National Dictatorship and Estado Novo)

      No party       National Union/People's National Action

#				President of the Council of Ministers		Took office	Left office	Party
Ditadura Nacional – Military Dictatorship (1926-1932)
95	41	1	1		José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior	May 30, 1926	June 19, 1926	None
96	42	2	2		Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa	June 19, 1926	July 9, 1926	None
97	43	3	3		António Óscar Fragoso Carmona	July 9, 1926	April 18, 1928	None
98	44	4	4		José Vicente de Freitas	April 18, 1928	July 8, 1929	None
99	45	5	5		Artur Ivens Ferraz	July 8, 1929	January 21, 1930	None
100	46	6	6		Domingos Augusto Alves da Costa e Oliveira	January 21, 1930	July 5, 1932	National Union
Estado Novo – New State (1932-1974)
101	47	7	1		António de Oliveira Salazar	July 5, 1932	September 25, 1968	National Union
102	48	8	2		Marcello José das Neves Alves Caetano	September 25, 1968	April 25, 1974	National Union (since 1970, renamed People's National Action

Third Republic

      No party       Socialist       Social Democratic       Democratic Alliance       Social Democratic/People's Party       Socialist/Social Democratic

#				Prime Minister		Took office	Left office	Party
Provisional Governments of the Revolutionary Period (1974-1976)
-					National Salvation Junta composed of: António de Spínola Francisco da Costa Gomes Jaime Silvério Marques Diogo Neto Carlos Galvão de Melo José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo António Rosa Coutinho	April 25, 1974	May 16, 1974	None
103	49	1	1		Adelino da Palma Carlos	May 16, 1974	July 18, 1974	Independent
104	50	2	2		Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves	July 18, 1974	September 19, 1975	Independent (with Communist inclination)
105	51	3	3		José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo	September 19, 1975	June 23, 1976	Independent
106	52	4	4		Vasco Fernando Leotte de Almeida e Costa (interim[1])	June 23, 1976	July 23, 1976	Independent
Constitutional Governments (1976-Present[update])
107	53	5	1		Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares	July 23, 1976	August 28, 1978	Socialist (since 23 January 1977 together with the Democratic and Social Centre)
108	54	6	2		Alfredo Jorge Nobre da Costa	August 28, 1978	November 22, 1978	Independent (presidential nomination)
109	55	7	3		Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto	November 22, 1978	August 1, 1979	Independent (presidential nomination) (Social Democratic)
110	56	8	4		Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo	August 1, 1979	January 3, 1980	Independent (presidential nomination) (later, Socialist)
111	57	9	5		Francisco Manuel Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro	January 3, 1980	December 4, 1980	Democratic Alliance (Social Democratic)
112	58	10	6		Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (interim)	December 4, 1980	January 9, 1981	Democratic Alliance (Democratic and Social Centre)
113	59	11	7		Francisco José Pereira Pinto Balsemão	January 9, 1981	June 9, 1983	Democratic Alliance (Social Democratic)
114	60	12	8		Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares	June 9, 1983	November 6, 1985	Socialist (together with the Social Democratic Party)
115	61	13	9		Aníbal António Cavaco Silva	November 6, 1985	October 28, 1995	Social Democratic
116	62	14	10		António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres	October 28, 1995	April 6, 2002	Socialist
117	63	15	11		José Manuel Durão Barroso	April 6, 2002	July 17, 2004	Social Democratic (together with the People's Party)
118	64	16	12		Pedro Miguel de Santana Lopes	July 17, 2004	March 12, 2005	Social Democratic (together with the People's Party)
119	65	17	13		José Sócrates de Carvalho Pinto de Sousa	March 12, 2005	Present	Socialist

See also

• List of Prime Ministers of Portugal by time in office
• List of Presidents of Portugal
• List of Presidents of Portugal by longevity
• Politics of Portugal
• Lists of incumbents