List of Presidents of the United States
The President of the United States is the head of state and the head of government of the United States. As chief of the executive branch and head of the federal government as a whole, the Presidency is the highest political office in the United States by influence and recognition. The President is also the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. armed forces. The President is indirectly elected to a four year term by an Electoral College. Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected to the office of the President more than twice.[1] This list includes only those persons who were sworn into office as President following the ratification of the United States Constitution, which took effect in 1789. For American leaders prior to this ratification, see President of the Continental Congress. The list does not include any Acting Presidents under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
There have been 42 people sworn into office, and 43 Presidencies, due to the fact that Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms and is counted chronologically as both the 22nd and the 24th President. Of the individuals elected as President, four died in office of natural causes, one resigned, and four were assassinated. The first President was George Washington, who was inaugurated in 1789 after an unanimous Electoral College vote. William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office at 32 days. At over twelve years, Franklin D. Roosevelt spent the longest time in office, and is the only President to serve more than two terms. The current incumbent President is George W. Bush, who is serving his second term. His term is scheduled to end with Inauguration Day on January 20, 2009 when President-elect Barack Obama is sworn in.[2]
Presidents
Federalist Democratic-Republican Democratic Whig Republican
#[*] |
President |
Took office |
Left office |
Party |
Vice President |
Term[*] |
1 |
|
George Washington |
April 30, 1789 |
March 4, 1797 |
No party |
John Adams |
1 |
2 |
2 |
|
John Adams |
March 4, 1797 |
March 4, 1801 |
Federalist |
Thomas Jefferson |
3 |
3 |
|
Thomas Jefferson |
March 4, 1801 |
March 4, 1809 |
Democratic-Republican |
Aaron Burr |
4 |
George Clinton |
5 |
4 |
|
James Madison |
March 4, 1809 |
March 4, 1817 |
Democratic-Republican |
George Clinton[D] |
6 |
vacant |
Elbridge Gerry[D] |
7 |
vacant |
5 |
|
James Monroe |
March 4, 1817 |
March 4, 1825 |
Democratic-Republican |
Daniel D. Tompkins |
8 |
9 |
6 |
|
John Quincy Adams |
March 4, 1825 |
March 4, 1829 |
Democratic-Republican
National Republican |
John C. Calhoun |
10 |
7 |
|
Andrew Jackson |
March 4, 1829 |
March 4, 1837 |
Democratic |
John C. Calhoun[R] |
11 |
vacant |
Martin Van Buren |
12 |
8 |
|
Martin Van Buren |
March 4, 1837 |
March 4, 1841 |
Democratic |
Richard Mentor Johnson |
13 |
9 |
|
William Henry Harrison |
March 4, 1841 |
April 4, 1841[D] |
Whig |
John Tyler |
14 |
10 |
|
John Tyler |
April 4, 1841 |
March 4, 1845 |
Whig
No party[N] |
vacant |
11 |
|
James K. Polk |
March 4, 1845 |
March 4, 1849 |
Democratic |
George M. Dallas |
15 |
12 |
|
Zachary Taylor |
March 4, 1849 |
July 9, 1850[D] |
Whig |
Millard Fillmore |
16 |
13 |
|
Millard Fillmore |
July 9, 1850 |
March 4, 1853 |
Whig |
vacant |
14 |
|
Franklin Pierce |
March 4, 1853 |
March 4, 1857 |
Democratic |
William R. King[D] |
17 |
vacant |
15 |
|
James Buchanan |
March 4, 1857 |
March 4, 1861 |
Democratic |
John C. Breckinridge |
18 |
16 |
|
Abraham Lincoln |
March 4, 1861 |
April 15, 1865[A] |
Republican
National Union[U] |
Hannibal Hamlin |
19 |
Andrew Johnson |
20 |
17 |
|
Andrew Johnson |
April 15, 1865 |
March 4, 1869 |
Democratic
National Union[U] |
vacant |
18 |
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
March 4, 1869 |
March 4, 1877 |
Republican |
Schuyler Colfax |
21 |
Henry Wilson[D] |
22 |
vacant |
19 |
|
Rutherford B. Hayes |
March 4, 1877 |
March 4, 1881 |
Republican |
William A. Wheeler |
23 |
20 |
|
James A. Garfield |
March 4, 1881 |
September 19, 1881[A] |
Republican |
Chester A. Arthur |
24 |
21 |
|
Chester A. Arthur |
September 19, 1881 |
March 4, 1885 |
Republican |
vacant |
22 |
|
Grover Cleveland |
March 4, 1885 |
March 4, 1889 |
Democratic |
Thomas A. Hendricks[D] |
25 |
vacant |
23 |
|
Benjamin Harrison |
March 4, 1889 |
March 4, 1893 |
Republican |
Levi P. Morton |
26 |
24 |
|
Grover Cleveland
(2nd term) |
March 4, 1893 |
March 4, 1897 |
Democratic |
Adlai E. Stevenson I |
27 |
25 |
|
William McKinley |
March 4, 1897 |
September 14, 1901[A] |
Republican |
Garret Hobart[D] |
28 |
vacant |
Theodore Roosevelt |
29 |
26 |
|
Theodore Roosevelt |
September 14, 1901 |
March 4, 1909 |
Republican |
vacant |
Charles W. Fairbanks |
30 |
27 |
|
William Howard Taft |
March 4, 1909 |
March 4, 1913 |
Republican |
James S. Sherman[D] |
31 |
vacant |
28 |
|
Woodrow Wilson |
March 4, 1913 |
March 4, 1921 |
Democratic |
Thomas R. Marshall |
32 |
33 |
29 |
|
Warren G. Harding |
March 4, 1921 |
August 2, 1923[D] |
Republican |
Calvin Coolidge |
34 |
30 |
|
Calvin Coolidge |
August 2, 1923 |
March 4, 1929 |
Republican |
vacant |
Charles G. Dawes |
35 |
31 |
|
Herbert Hoover |
March 4, 1929 |
March 4, 1933 |
Republican |
Charles Curtis |
36 |
32 |
|
Franklin D. Roosevelt |
March 4, 1933 |
April 12, 1945[D] |
Democratic |
John Nance Garner |
37 |
38 |
Henry A. Wallace |
39 |
Harry S. Truman |
40 |
33 |
|
Harry S. Truman |
April 12, 1945 |
January 20, 1953 |
Democratic |
vacant |
Alben W. Barkley |
41 |
34 |
|
Dwight D. Eisenhower |
January 20, 1953 |
January 20, 1961 |
Republican |
Richard Nixon |
42 |
43 |
35 |
|
John F. Kennedy |
January 20, 1961 |
November 22, 1963[A] |
Democratic |
Lyndon B. Johnson |
44 |
36 |
|
Lyndon B. Johnson |
November 22, 1963 |
January 20, 1969 |
Democratic |
vacant |
Hubert Humphrey |
45 |
37 |
|
Richard Nixon |
January 20, 1969 |
August 9, 1974[R] |
Republican |
Spiro Agnew[R] |
46 |
47 |
vacant |
Gerald Ford |
38 |
|
Gerald Ford |
August 9, 1974 |
January 20, 1977 |
Republican |
vacant |
Nelson Rockefeller |
39 |
|
Jimmy Carter |
January 20, 1977 |
January 20, 1981 |
Democratic |
Walter Mondale |
48 |
40 |
|
Ronald Reagan |
January 20, 1981 |
January 20, 1989 |
Republican |
George H. W. Bush |
49 |
50 |
41 |
|
George H. W. Bush |
January 20, 1989 |
January 20, 1993 |
Republican |
Dan Quayle |
51 |
42 |
|
Bill Clinton |
January 20, 1993 |
January 20, 2001 |
Democratic |
Al Gore |
52 |
53 |
43 |
|
George W. Bush |
January 20, 2001 |
Incumbent |
Republican |
Dick Cheney |
54 |
55 |
President-elect
President-elect |
Elected Term begins |
Elected Term ends |
Party |
Vice President-elect |
Term[*] |
|
Barack Obama |
January 20, 2009 |
January 20, 2013 |
Democratic |
Joe Biden |
56 |
Notes
-
- The numerals indicate the consecutive time in office served by a single person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first President (not the first and second). Gerald Ford assumed the Presidency after the resignation of Richard Nixon, serving out the remainder of what would have been Nixon's second term. The fact that Ford was not voted into office does not affect the numbering, which makes him the 38th President. Also, under this numbering Grover Cleveland is counted twice, having served non-consecutive terms.
- D Died in office of natural causes.
- R Resigned.
- A Assassinated.
- N Former Democrat who ran for Vice President on Whig ticket. Clashed with Whig congressional leaders and was expelled from the Whig party in 1841.
- U Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were, respectively, a Republican and a Democrat who ran on the National Union ticket in 1864.
See also
- President of the United States
- Timeline of Presidents of the United States
- United States presidential inauguration
- List of educational institutions named after U.S. presidents
- Presidential $1 Coin Program
References
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